ECONOMIA DOS TRANSPORTES

"Recession Reduces Gridlock" Congestion Data for U.S. Urban Areas To Get Started: Click Play Button on bottom of chart and observe trend over time. Data Source: Texas Transportation Institute + Bureau of Labor Statistics --- Download raw data (xls) As unemployment goes up in 2007 through 2009, vehicle miles traveled go down. In LA-Long Beach CA, for instance, the 4,030 freeway miles per person are 3,683 by 2009, less than a 10% decrease. However, during the same period, the annual hours of delay per auto commuter go from 82 to 63, nearly a 25% decrease. The removal of relatively few vehicles from the road leads to free flowing traffic and less congestion. SILVER LINING (admittedly small): decrease in congestion as fewer people drive

Transport And Ethics Ethics and the Evaluation of Transport Policies and Projects Bert van Wee Bert van Wee, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 2011 272 pp Hardback 978 1 84980 964 1 Hardback $115.00 on-line price $103.50 Qty Series: Transport Economics, Management and Policy series This book is also available as an ebook  978 1 84980 965 8 from - www.myilibrary www.ebooks.com www.ebookscorporation.com www.dawsonera.com www.ebrary.com/corp/ www.books.google.com/ebooks Description 'Transport impacts on all aspects of our lives and businesses, but the inclusion of ethics is not seen as a central concern. This book fills a major gap in the literature, through its understanding of the many important dimensions of ethics and its treatment of a range of situations in transport, through asking about the why, what and how as it relates to ethics. The clear conclusion is reached that ethics should feature much more prominently in all transport decisions, but that it is also context specific in both time and space. The approach adopted is transparent and informative, and the author guides the reader through the main conceptual and theoretical issues, using examples to illustrate the range of important ethical choices raised in the evaluation of transport policies and practices.' - David Banister, University of Oxford, UK Contents Contents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Opinion of the Target Group 3. How Suitable is CBA for the Ex ante Evaluation of Transport Projects and Policies? 4. Social Exclusion 5. Long-term Sustainability and Transport Evaluation 6. Safety: Indicators, Pricing Humans and Democracy 7. The Ethics of Doing Transport Research 8. The Use of Models 9. Epilogue and Discussion Index Futher information 'Prof. van Wee draws on extensive research and nearly three decades of professional experience to shine a welcome spotlight on a neglected yet critical area of transportation research and practice: the role of ethics in the ex ante

Welcome to CURACAO Urban road user charging is at the same time uniquely capable of reducing the problems of urban travel, and uniquely difficult to implement. Those cities which have implemented urban road user charging have all achieved reductions in traffic entering the charging zone in the range of 14% to 23%. This represents a change in travel patterns which cannot be approached by any other available transport policy instrument. Yet over the last five years, in which schemes have been implemented successfully in Milan, Stockholm and Valetta, ten UK cities and two US cities have decided to abandon plans for charging, despite substantial government grants designed to encourage such schemes. In Edinburgh and Manchester these decisions were made in the public glare of referenda which rejected charging proposals by majorities of 70% to 80%. It is clear that there are serious barriers to the pursuit of urban road user charging, and that cities need guidance if they are to make better use of this potentially powerful transport policy tool. This shortfall, between the potential of urban road user charging and the progress of its actual implementation, has been the focus of a three year project funded by the European Commission: CURACAO - Coordination of Urban Road User Charging Organisational Issues. The aim of CURACAO has been to support the implementation of urban road user charging as a demand management tool in urban areas. The project did this by working with a user group of 20 cities interested in pursuing road user charging to identify the barriers to their doing so, and providing evidence on ways of overcoming those barriers. Evidence was provided both through a State of the Art Report, which reviewed international evidence on each of 14 themes of interest to the cities, and through a set of 16 case studies of successful implementations, current plans and abandoned proposals. In addition to the State of the Art Report and the Case Study Report, results have b

Symposium: Transportation and the Environment Select this article Stef Proost and Kurt Van Dender What Long-Term Road Transport Future? Trends and Policy Options Rev Environ Econ Policy (2011) 5(1): 44-65 doi:10.1093/reep/req022 Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF) Permissions Select this article Alex Anas and Robin Lindsey Reducing Urban Road Transportation Externalities: Road Pricing in Theory and in Practice Rev Environ Econ Policy (2011) 5(1): 66-88 doi:10.1093/reep/req019 Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF) Permissions Select this article Soren T. Anderson, Ian W. H. Parry, James M. Sallee, and Carolyn Fischer Automobile Fuel Economy Standards: Impacts, Efficiency, and Alternatives Rev Environ Econ Policy (2011) 5(1): 89-108 doi:10.1093/reep/req021 Abstract FREE Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF) Permissions

Inj Prev doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040071 Study protocol The Bicyclists' Injuries and the Cycling Environment study: a protocol to tackle methodological issues facing studies of bicycling safety M Anne Harris1,2, Conor C O Reynolds3, Meghan Winters2, Mary Chipman4, Peter A Cripton5, Michael D Cusimano6,7, Kay Teschke2 + Author Affiliations 1Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 3Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 4Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 6Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 7Division of Neurosurgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada Correspondence to M Anne Harris, Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, 505 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada; harris.m.anne@gmail.com Accepted 4 May 2011 Published Online First 8 June 2011 Abstract Background and Aims Bicycling may be less appealing in parts of the world where cycling is less safe. Differences between jurisdictions suggest route design is key to improving safety and increasing ridership. Previous studies faced difficulties in effectively assessing denominators for risk calculations and controlling confounding. This paper describes the advantages of the case-crossover design of the Bicyclists' Injuries and the Cycling Environment study to address these challenges to observational studies of cycling safety. Methods Injured cyclists were recruited from the emergency departments of five hospitals in Vancouver and Toronto, Canada. In 18 months, 690 participants were successfully recruited and interviewed. Each participant was interviewed to map the route of their injury trip, identify the injury site and select two control site

BAHIA ANALISE DE DADOS - No. Especial sobre Mudança Climática

Que tiver interesse em transporte sustentável é um bom investimento.

TRANSPORTES E SUTENTABILIDADE:POTENCIALIDADES DO ADENSAMENTO URBANOElen da Silva Coutinho RESUMO O presente trabalho faz uma análise sobre o adensamento urbano como uma possível solução para alinhar sustentabilidade e mobilidade. O adensamento urbano tem a vantagem de concentrar a população em área menor, o que resulta em economia de infra-estrutura urbana, consequentemente menos deslocamentos. Porém o resultado pode ser negativo para o meio ambiente, com perda da área de infiltração da água da chuva, e impermeabilização do solo, que favorece as inundações e enxurradas. O texto está dividido Em introdução e mais três seções. Na primeira Seção tratou-se da sustentabilidade nos transportes. Em seguida uma análise das potencialidades e dos possíveis problemas do adensamento urbano. Por ultimo a conclusão a cerca do adensamento urbano ser ou não uma opção para sustentabilidade na área de transportes.Keywords: sustainability. Dense urban. Transport.

Although positive incentives have been successfully applied in various domains to influence behavior, they have received limited attention in transportation. This paper reports on the Dutch 'Spitsmijden' ('Peak Avoidance') project, in which travelers received positive incentives if they avoided travelling in the peak by car. Incentives could be financial (3 to 7 EURO per day) or credits to earn a smartphone at the end of the experiment. Travelers' responses were measured using electronic detection equipment and travel diaries. The results of the study indicate that positive incentives are able to reduce the amount of peak traffic of the participants by about 60%. Travelers mainly responded to the incentives by shifting their car trips to the periods before and after the peak period. Although the experiment was intended to achieve a structural change in travel behavior, we observed that travelers returned to the peak period when the incentives ended.

A Never-Ending Passing of the Buck? The Failure of Drink-Driving Reform in Interwar Britain Contemporary British History Volume 24, Issue 3, First published 2010, Pages 363 - 384 Author: Bill Luckin DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2010.497250 Online Sample       Subscribe Abstract Little has been written about the history of drink driving. This paper interrogates the issue in interwar Britain. It focuses on the problems facing reformers determined to rouse the public to the dangers posed by drink-associated impairment, as distinct from gross drunkenness. The contribution begins with an outline of earlier twentieth century anti-drink-driving law. This is complemented by an account of the activities of an informal and distinguished scientific pressure-group, with close links to the temperance-influenced Society for the Study of Inebriety. In conclusion, this paper examines the failure of the reform movement and the manner in which the Ministry of Transport and the Home Office subverted and blocked pressure for legislative change.

Volume 48, Number 2, April 2007 E-ISSN: 1097-3729 Print ISSN: 0040-165X DOI: 10.1353/tech.2007.0085 Norton, Peter D. Street Rivals: Jaywalking and the Invention of the Motor Age Street Technology and Culture - Volume 48, Number 2, April 2007, pp. 331-359 The Johns Hopkins University Press Before the American city could be physically reconstructed to accommodate automobiles, its streets had to be socially reconstructed as places where cars belong. Until then, streets were regarded as public spaces, where practices that endangered or obstructed others (including pedestrians) were disreputable. Motorists' claim to street space was therefore fragile, subject to restrictions that threatened to negate the advantages of car ownership. Epithets-especially joy rider-reflected and reinforced the prevailing social construction of the street. Automotive interest groups (motordom) recognized this obstacle and organized in the teens and 1920s to overcome it. One tool in this effort was jaywalker. Motordom discovered this obscure colloquialism in the teens, reinvented it, and introduced it to the millions. It ridiculed once-respectable street uses and cast doubt on pedestrians' legitimacy in most of the street. Though many pedestrians resented and resisted the term and its connotations, motordom's campaign was a substantial success.