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Getting people walking will help build support for creation of more walkable places, decrease air pollution and traffic congestion, improve physical health, and other benefits. Research reveals that creating places for walking (such as walking trails) and other forms of physical activity may be associated with increased physical activity. Below is a list of ideas that a walking coalition or partnership may select from to get going. If there is not yet an established coalition in your community, then find out more about how to build a coalition. The ideas below can be used to inspire and motivate people to get out of their cars and walk. 1. Make walking part of the business: walk at work programs Partner with large employers to design and publicize routes to walk on the business campus, give time for walking during the day or foster walking groups. One example is Berkeley's walking groups for employees. Some employers also offer incentives for physical activity through their insurance provider. For example, Blue Cross/Blue Shield members in North Carolina's State Health Plan can earn free gifts like backpacks, water bottles, blankets and tents as they log their activity. American Heart Association provides support to business-based walking programs through incentive items, printable material and recognition. 2. Offer incentives and buddies: mileage clubs Use online and community-based programs that encourage walking and provide incentives for reaching mileage goals either individually or in groups. See the America on the Move program or a "Walk Across a State" program sponsored by cooperative extensions. For older adults, there is AARP's Get Fit on Route 66 online mileage club. 3. Provide a guide: walking maps Provide maps of local attractions as well as locations of practical amenities such as restrooms. For inspiration, see examples from Feet First and Walk Arlington. Add walking routes to the Trails web site and invite community members to view them. Walkin

Walking and cycling as transport modes No speed, no mass, and no protection Pedestrians and cyclists: unprotected road users Walking and cycling as transport modes Of all journeys, 20-40% are travelled by cycle or on foot, with the highest percentage in the Netherlands and the lowest in Finland. Trips on foot take place most frequently in Great Britain, whereas bicycle trips are most frequent in the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden [34]. Some groups of traffic participants walk or cycle more than others. These differences are also reflected in their crash involvement (see Crash characteristics). Age groups for which walking is particularly important, are children below the age of 12 and adults aged 75 and above. The bicycle is used most frequently by those younger than 18 years of age [34]. Walking as a transport mode Cycling as a transport mode Age groups most involved in walking and cycling Walking as a transport mode Walking as a means of transport is commonly used for rather short trips. This means that it is actually difficult to assess pedestrian mobility at country level, as the national travel surveys often do not register the shorter trips. Also, the walking parts of trips made primarily by public transport are usually not taken into account. At present, the importance of walking is therefore underestimated [60]. Survey data from a selection of seven European countries show that 12-30% of all trips is made by walking (as main transport mode), the highest figure being for Great Britain [34]. For short trips under 5 km, the share of walking is higher, with a maximum of 45% in Great Britain. The average length of walking trips varies from just under 1 km (Great Britain) to 2.8 km (Finland). It should be noted, however, that the extent of coverage of short trips may vary from country to country in the national travel surveys. This will affect the comparability of average trip length and the share of walking. In Great Britain, all trip lengths are included, where

and Health > Changing Values, Perceptions, and Behaviors How do we create a "culture" for walking? How do we create communities that feel safe and appealing where people of all ages, backgrounds and income levels have reasons to walk there? It appears that community members get out and walk along routes that are enjoyable and feel safe and perhaps lead to destinations of interest (this might be for errands or recreation). Making these places requires sufficient political will and community interest in order for resources to be devoted to their creation, improvement and maintenance. Before promoting walking, conditions need to be adequate and safe. To evaluate conditions for a community, go to the section on Addressing Community Problems. If there are no facilities for walking or it's not safe for other reasons, communities can begin by building a coalition and gathering support for change. Community design that is the appropriate scale for walking plays an important role, too. To find out how to do this, see the Planning section. Once there are safe places for walking, it's time to think about how to get people walking more and how to continue building support to expand the availability of walkable places. This is where changing norms and building community interest comes in. Right now, the prevailing community norm is to drive to a destination, whether it's around the corner to the grocery store or across town to work. People tend to do the behavior that is easiest and that they see others doing. However, shifting mindsets to consider walking as a convenient, feasible option can happen. The concepts listed here are intended to serve as a starting point for ways to get more people thinking, "I'll just walk there": Make walking try-able - Give people a chance to "try out" walking. Communicate the behavior you want to see - Bumper stickers, bus billboards, banners and signs can all convey messages to encourage travel on foot. Reward behavior - Providing in

Cycling Data The collection of data on the number of bicycles per household, number of bicycle journeys and the nature of those journeys helps to inform transport policy and practice. Filter by : All |  Case Studies | Cycling Advocacy | Effective Marketing | International | Resources | Videos | United Kingdom | Australia | Victoria | New South Wales | Queensland | New Zealand | South Australia | Bike Commuting | Bike Share Schemes | Europe | North America | State and Territory Government | Tasmania | Sustainable Urban Transport Plans | Cost Benefit Analysis | Research paper | Austroads | Australian Capital Territory | Local Government | Northern Territory | National Government | Western Australia | United States of America | Canada | Australian Bicycle Council Active Transportation Beyond Urban Centers (USA) 06th Feb 2012 Active Transportation Beyond Urban Centers was published by Rails-to-Trails Conservacy in January 2012. It shows that in large and small "rural cores" of 2,500 to 50,000 residents, the share of total trips made on foot or by bike is only 20 percent below the rate for larger urban cores. Furthermore, when it comes to work trips, rural areas fall right in line with the national rates of biking and walking to work. Read more Local Government Bicycle Account 2011 (Australia) 02nd Feb 2012 In January 2012 the Australian Bicycle Council released the results of Local Government and Cycling Survey undertaken in July 2011. Councils responding to the survey spent more than $72 million on bicycle-related programs in 2009-10. More than two thirds of responding councils either have a bicycle strategy or are working towards one. As at June 2010, councils responding to the survey reported having constructed 11,704km of cycling infrastructure. When their cycle networks are complete the infrastructure will measure 17,842km. Read more Weather or Not to Cycle: Temporal Trends and Impact of Weather on Cycling in an Urban Environment (Canada) 01st Feb 2012 Thi

Coalitions and alliances are groups that form for mutual benefit. Partnerships are relationships between individuals or groups characterized by mutual cooperation and responsibility. These groups form for the achievement of shared goals. Creating change to improve safety and increase the number of people walking requires a multi-disciplinary effort. The likelihood of success increases when coalitions or partnerships bring together dedicated individuals including: Law enforcement officials, including officers and members of the judiciary Health industry, including doctors, nurses, dieticians, and health educators People in transportation and development, including engineers, planners, developers Parents, senior citizens, schools, parks and recreation departments The cooperation of public and private interests, professionals, businesses, and interested citizens can yield broad support for multi-faceted solutions to pedestrian problems. These groups exist at local and national levels. Many of them can serve as models for a local organization, or they may have members from your community. National coalitions, alliances and partnerships America Walks America Walks is a national coalition of local advocacy groups dedicated to promoting walkable communities. The group helps communities form advocacy groups. Members are autonomous grassroots organizations from across the country, each working to improve conditions for walking in their area. The mission of America Walks is to foster the development of community-based pedestrian advocacy groups, to educate the public about the benefits of walking, and, when appropriate, to act as a collective voice for walking advocates. America Walks provides a support network for local pedestrian advocacy groups. The group offers advice about how to get started and how to be effective with public officials and engineering and design professionals. Alliance for Biking and Walking The Alliance for Biking and Walking is a national coalitio

Why the Bike Lane is the Golf Course of the 21st Century Posted on January 26, 2012 Hello Dear Readers, The Sightline Daily, a blog affiliated with a Northwest policy think tank, published an article I wrote about my Stevens Fellowship experience. You can read the article here! A funny story about how the opportunity with Sightline came about. I was waiting at a stoplight near Mercer Street in Seattle in late November and this guy pulled up to me (on his bicycle) and commented on how bad the bicycle infrastructure was at that particular intersection. He noticed that I had no "biking clothes" on and asked me if I'd ever heard of Copenhagen Cycle Chic.  "Copenhagen Cycle Chic is my favorite blog!" I told him. Then we started talking bike politics and eventually I realized he was Alan Durning, the founder of the Sightline Institute. I've been reading the Sightline blog and using their research in my work for years. I really like that this Sightline article came about because of a conversation that started on the bike lane (or..errr…lack of bike lane).  Who needs the golf course when you cycle! Cycling is such a social form of transport. Sean and I were biking in to work a few days before Christmas and bumped into our friend Jed who I hadn't seen in almost a year.  (Jed and his wife recently had a baby!) We rode together along the cold, but sunny, shores of Westlake for about ten minutes and caught up.  It was a great way to start the day and I was happy to know that Jed was doing well. Then, the next morning, Sean and I bumped into Jed again-in almost the same place as the day before-and we shared another pleasant commute together while joking about how we were becoming a bike commuter gang. The morning before I left for Copenhagen I biked downtown alone after saying goodbye to Sean. I was feeling the weight of the goodbye and also some anxiety about professional challenges ahead.  I pedaled slowly along Dexter, my pace matchi

Walking Walking is healthy and sustainable, and often the quickest and most efficient way to get around, so we are encouraging spectators to walk as much as possible to get to the London 2012 Games. In many cases, walking to a venue is much quicker and easier than you may think. Walking to or from a venue gives you the opportunity to see many sights on the way, and soak up the atmosphere of being in a Host City.  Travelling by foot is the best way to see London, especially during the Games when other forms of transport will be busy. If walking the whole way to your venue in London is not an option, consider getting off the bus or train a stop early to avoid busy stations and see what London has to offer. London 2012 Active Travel Programme The London 2012 Active Travel Programme aims to encourage more walking and cycling in the run-up to the Games, during and after the Games to help London 2012 meet its aim of being the first sustainable Games. Find out more about the Active Travel Programme. Walking to Games venues London 2012 has invested over £10m in making improvements to a network of eight walking and cycling rotues linking different parts of London to the Olympic Park and other venues. The main routes to the Olympic Park and River Zone venues that have been enhanched are: Lea Valley North - routes to the north of the Olympic Park through the Lee Valley Regional Park Epping Forest - a new route from the north-east of the Olympic Park through Wanstead and Epping Forest Elevated Greenway - follows the route of the northern outfall sewer east from the Olympic Park to Beckton Lower Lea and The Royal Docks - from the south of the Olympic Park to the Isle of Dogs, and on to Maritime Greenwich and other River Zone venues via the Thames Path. Limehouse Cut - from Limehouse Basin to the Olympic Park along the Limehouse cut Victoria Park and Stepney - connects the Olympic Park to Islington and Limehouse Basin along the Regent's and Hertford Union Canals

Making the case for investment in the walking environment Living Streets is pleased to present its new report, Making the Case for Investment in the Walking Environment. Researched by a multi-disciplinary team of experts from the University of the West of England and Cavill Associates, the report brings together and evaluates the multiple health, economic, social and environmental benefits of investment in walking friendly public spaces. It draws on inspiring case studies of schemes which have resulted in safer and more attractive public places in neighbourhoods and city centres in the UK and elsewhere. Key findings include: Investing in walking environments can support local economies by increasing footfall, improving accessibility and attracting new business and events Investment in the walking environment is likely to be of equal or better value for money than other transport projects Retailers and residents express a willingness to pay for improvements to the walking environment, while good quality public realm increases the value of both residential and commercial property Residents of walking friendly neighbourhoods are less likely to be depressed or to have poor mental or physical health People walk more when they feel their neighbourhood is safe, well maintained and lively, while increased walking in a neighbourhood is associated with better perceptions of safety and greater social interaction.

WHO/Europe Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT). This tool is designed to help you conduct an economic assessment of the health benefits of walking or cycling by estimating the value of reduced mortality that results from specified amounts of walking or cycling. The tool can be used in a number of different situations, for example: when planning a new piece of cycling or walking infrastructure. HEAT attaches a value to the estimated level of cycling or walking when the new infrastructure is in place. This can be compared to the costs of implementing different interventions to produce a benefit-cost ratio (and help to make the case for investment) to value the reduced mortality from past and/or current levels of cycling or walking, such as to a specific workplace, across a city or in a country. It can also be used to illustrate economic consequences from a potential future change in levels of cycling or walking. to provide input into more comprehensive economic appraisal exercises, or prospective health impact assessments. For example, to estimate the mortality benefits from achieving targets to increase cycling or walking, or from the results of an intervention project. More information is available at http://www.euro.who.int/HEAT Start using HEAT for walking Start using HEAT for cycling

Walki lking as Transport workshop presentations July 22nd 2010 Categorised under: Conference papers Author / Source: VLGA and Victoria Walks Contributor: thinkingtransport VLGA's Transport Program and Victoria Walks, with assistance from the Victorian Department of Transport, ran the Walking as Transport seminar on Wednesday 21 July 2010. The workshop provided local government with a strategic view on walking as a transport mode and its place in a sustainable transport network. Presenters included: Dr Ben Rossiter, Executive Officer, Victoria Walks Inc. Ben Grounds, Transport Strategy Coordinator, City of Darebin Jim Connor, City of Whittlesea Michael Hopkins, Executive Director - Policy and Communications Division, DoT Sameem Moslih, Team Leader - Network Strategies, Road User Services, VicRoads Kristie Howes, Urban Designer - Sustainable and Active Transport Policy Branch, DoT Presentations and handouts from the event are attached below for your viewing and include some highly useful information, developed specifically for local governments. Please note that the presentation from VicRoads on the day is not available below. Follow this link for more on the SmartRoads Network Operating Plans. For further information on the event and any of the presentations, contact the VLGA Local Government Transport Facilitator at gordon@vlga.org.au or on             (03) 9349 7943      .

d in the 21st Century Walk21 exists to champion the development of healthy sustainable and efficient communities where people choose to walk. Through the Walk21 Conference series and the International Charter, Walk21 have a vision to create a world where people choose and are able to walk as a way to travel, to be healthy and to relax.

Spotlight on Pedestrian Safety by Tamara Redmon, Dan Gelinne, Leah Walton, and Jeff Miller FHWA's aggressive approach to reducing the fatality rate in 13 States and 5 municipalities is showing promising results. Focus cities have installed high-visibility crosswalks, such as this one in Montclair, NJ, in a number of locations to improve pedestrian safety. For the past 7.5 years, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has been trying to aggressively reduce pedestrian deaths by focusing extra resources on the States and cities with the highest numbers or rates of pedestrian fatalities. In recent years, 13 States experienced pedestrian fatalities above 150 per year and above the national rate of 2.5 per 100,000 population. In 2003 those States were Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Texas. An increase in Nevada's rate later added it to the list, while Michigan dropped off in 2007. In addition, five cities had the highest number of fatalities per year: Chicago, IL; Detroit, MI; Los Angeles, CA; New York, NY; and Phoenix, AZ. Washington, DC, later went on the list, and Detroit dropped off (only to rejoin in 2011). To address this challenge, FHWA's Focused Approach to Pedestrian Safety project began with a memorandum dated May 2004 outlining the goal of reducing pedestrian fatalities by 10 percent by the year 2008 (goal later changed to 2011). To address this performance goal, FHWA encouraged the affected States and cities to develop and implement pedestrian safety action plans. A previous article in Public Roads documented the early implementation of the Focused Approach to Pedestrian Safety (see "In Step With Safety" in the September/October 2006 issue). "The focused approach to pedestrian safety has changed the way road owners and operators view pedestrians," says Elizabeth Alicandri, FHWA director of the Office of Safety Programs. "One of the reasons it has bee

By promoting walking, individuals and organizations plant the seeds for initiating change by creating awareness about pedestrian issues and alerting others to the benefits of walking and the ways that walkable places foster healthier, more livable communities. This section examines concepts for changing values, perceptions, and behaviors related to walking and provides ideas and strategies for promoting walking in your community.

Cycling and walking related initiatives From 2005 to 2008 the Cycling Demonstration Towns programme saw six towns across England receive European funding to deliver a range of measures designed to increase cycling levels. Sustrans Research and Monitoring Unit was responsible for the monitoring of the programme where a 27% average increase in cycling across all six towns was observed. Additional funding awarded in January 2008 allowed Cycling England to recruit England's first Cycling City and eleven new towns in addition to those already established, creating the Cycling City and Towns programme. Sustrans' Research and Monitoring Unit conduct monitoring in all eighteen locations. Finding New Solutions is a Cycling England initiative aiming to introduce cycling to different audiences through leisure, workplaces and train stations. Sustrans Research and Monitoring Unit is responsible for the overall evaluation of the programme, but is more directly involved with the Leisure and Workplaces strands. Through the Future Jobs Fund, Sustrans hired 182 long-term unemployed, young people on six-month contracts to upgrade and maintain parts of the National Cycle Network. The Research and Monitoring Unit was involved in evaluation of the project. The Research and Monitoring Unit holds a 'strategic partner' relationship with the EPSRC. As part of this activity a small number of projects and studentships are underway. The iConnect study aims to measure and evaluate the changes in travel, physical activity and carbon emissions related to Sustrans' Connect2 programme. The five-year iConnect study started in May 2008 and involves a broad evaluation of the whole programme coupled with detailed investigations at five specific sites. The Visions 2030 research project assesses the potential in the UK for achieving substantial increases in walking and cycling by 2030. Through innovative approaches to analysis, longer term targets can be reached and the step changes necessary to

Science of Pedestrian Movements posted by jason king on january 05, 2012 Books, Cities, Modeling, Pedestrians, Public Space, Research, Resources, Transportation An interesting article from the Economist on 'The Wisdom of Crowds' echoes much of the seminal research of William Whyte (City), Edward T. Hall (The Hidden Dimension), and others that have closely studied the behavior of pedestrians and other users of public spaces.   The interplay of cultural habits that tells us to step right or left to avoid collisions on a busy street can lead to a certain inherent poetic 'choreography' when viewed.  There are different theories on how these actions are coordinated, and the article focuses on new scientific methods for predicting and studying pedestrian movements.  As Jane Jacobs mentioned in The Death and Life of Great American Cities this urban realm is likened to a ballet: "It is a complex order. Its essence is intricacy of sidewalk use, bringing with it a constant succession of eyes. This order is all composed of movement and change, and although it is life, not art, we may fancifully call it the art form of the city and liken it to the dance - not to a simple-minded precision dance with everyone kicking up at the same time, twirling in unison and bowing off en masse, but to an intricate ballet in which the individual dancers and ensembles all have distinctive parts which miraculously reinforce each other and compose an orderly whole. The ballet of the good city sidewalk never repeats itself from place to place, and in any once place is always replete with new improvisations." It was interesting, in this context, to remember my recent travels to Europe, namely London, where traffic on the roads occupies the left lane, but as mentioned in the article, there is not a correlation between this and pedestrian movement.  While they mention that London follows pedestrians on the right, that is an oversimplification, as it doesn't necessarily follow,

Travel habits need to change! The Greater Christchurch Travel Demand Management Strategy (GC TDMS) has been developed to manage increasing traffic growth, by encouraging people to make the most of the existing transport network and increase the use of walking, cycling, public transport and car pooling. Traffic growth is forecast to increase by 27% by 2026 leading to more congestion, longer travel times, greater travel costs and more pollution. Travel demand management (TDM) is about encouraging people to travel differently, by walking, cycling, using public transport and car pooling. TDM does not require people to completely stop using their cars. If every household in Greater Christchurch made one fewer trip by car each week this would stop traffic growth. The Urban Development Strategy (UDS) partners, (Christchurch City Council, Waimakariri and Selwyn District Council, Environment Canterbury and the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA)) have jointly developed the strategy and action plan. The Strategy and Action plan was accepted by the UDS Implementation Committee (UDSIC) in June 2009. To ensure consistency amongst the partners the UDSIC recommended that each council adopt the Strategy and Action Plan. The Christchurch City Council did this in July 2009. Changing the way preople travel will take time, and the actions in the strategy will coincide with infrastructure improvements, including public transport, cycling and walking facilities. Walking and cycling are easy forms of exercise that can be part of everyday life - and can help keep people healthy. To find out more read these documents

A small group of Harvard students and employees staged an "Occupy Speakout" at noon on Tuesday to express their solidarity with the "National Day of Action." The group also sought to raise awareness of events they have planned for today, including a walkout of the popular Economics 10 introductory course and a March in Boston later in the day. "Mic Check! We are the 99 percent across the country!" the group chanted. The seven Mic Check participants drew attention to several initiatives taking place today, calling on students to join a campus-wide walkout Wednesday. The organizers are planning two separate walkouts-a general walkout at 11:30 a.m. and a walkout from Ec 10 at 12:15 p.m.-before leading students to join a rally in Dewey Square against rising student debt. "I urge all students to walk out of Ec 10, [because it] represents the ideology that brought about our current economic situation," shouted organizer Gabriel H. Bayard '15. Rachel J. Sandalow-Ash '15, who with Bayard is helping organize the Economics 10 walk-out, said she believes the class pushes a "strongly conservative neoliberal ideology." She said, for example, that she thought lectures promoted conservative views against minimum wage. "I think a more diverse viewpoint needs to be raised," Sandalow-Ash said. "The problem is that in an introductory course, what the professor says is generally taken as fact," she said. But some students disagree with the characterization of the class. Harvard Republican Club Secretary Aditi Ghai '14, who took the class last year, said she doesn't think the class is biased. "The class is about pure economic efficiency. Ideology comes into play when we determine how to balance efficiency with social equity," she said. However, Randi B. Michel '14, currently enrolled in Ec 10, said that she probably wouldn't walk out. Despite the "constant underlying layer of extreme conservatism, it would be more effective to meet with

commuter websitesEntradax  Jeffrey Chernick jeff@rideamigos.com por  lists.cutr.usf.edu 21:00 (19 horas atrás) para Transp-tdm, Transp-tdm Hi all! Here is the site we have built and currently manage for the Century City TMO in Los Angeles, CA:  Screenshots: Homepage; SearchWebsite: www.Commute90067.com As compared to most commuter sites, its multi-modal trip planner compares all forms of transportation - walking, biking, driving, public transit, and carpooling/vanpooling options, all sorted by company, building, and region.  Each choice displays the cost - time - CO2 - health benefit analysis of each mode, educating the user on the most effective mode for their specific commute. The system is complimented by a personal commute dashboard, which tracks, manages, and records these trips for commuters, employers, and municipalities, an incentive module for monthly competitions, and AQMD/LEED survey modules. Within four months of the site's launch, 40 companies representing over 4,100 employees were registered.  After only six months in operation, the platform showed a 35 percent reduction in solo drivers participating in the program, and a 44 percent reduction after ten months.  It also displayed an impressive increase in all alternative modes of transportation (e.g., walking/ biking/ carpool); with walking trips boasting nearly a 170 percent increase over a 10 month period. Feel free to connect! With Gratitude,Jeffrey --Jeffrey L. ChernickChief Executive OfficerRideAmigosCorp.com516.864.3189 ~ We are the future of transportation ~

Active Transportation Alliance News and Events Get a Member in December! Our members are our power - the more members we have, the more successful we will be in creating better conditions for biking, walking and transit in our communities. If you're an Active Trans member, you have an assignment - get just one new member to join Active Trans during the month of December! We're sure you know people who ride bikes, take transit and appreciate walkable communities - we need them to join us in action. And for those of you who are not members of Active Trans, please demonstrate your dedication to better transportation by joining now! Meet Ald. Solis at the Active Trans Social in Pilsen - Dec. 7 Join Active Trans as we celebrate all that has been accomplished over the past year to put Chicago on the path to building a world-class bike network. Ald. Danny Solis will discuss his recent educational trip to one of the most bicycle-friendly countries in the world - the Netherlands! Learn about Dutch approaches to city cycling that could be applied in Chicago: Dec. 7, 6 -7:30 p.m., Simone's bar, 960 W. 18th St., Chicago. The event is free and open members and nonmembers. Come to the Active Trans Social in Logan Square - Dec. 8 Calling all Logan Square Active Trans supporters! Join your friends and neighbors at Cole's tavern to connect with others who have a deep and abiding affection for biking, walking and transit. Local authors Greg Borzo and John Greenfield will be celebrating the release of On Bicycles: 50 Ways the New Bike Culture Can Change Your Life, 8 -10 p.m., Dec. 8, Cole's, 2338 N. Milwaukee, Chicago. The event is free and open members and nonmembers. Active Trans Volunteer Appreciation Party - Jan. 18 If you've volunteered for Active Trans during the past year, we're throwing you a party. We want to recognize all of the dedicated individuals who make our events, campaigns and programs successful. The evening will include light appetizers,

Pedestrians and Cyclists Introduction | Crash characteristics where and how | Measures to reduce crash numbers and injury severity | Pedestrians and cyclists unprotected road users | Promote cycling and bicycle helmets or not | References | Special regulations for pedestrians and cyclists | PDF This text on pedestrians and cyclists safety, reviews the scientific studies on the magnitude and nature of the safety problem, the contributing accident factors, and the effectiveness of countermeasures. For information on the development of casualty frequencies and accident circumstances over the period 1996-2005 per European country, please consult the Basic Fact Sheet Pedestrians [467 KB] and the Basic Fact Sheet Bicycles [574 KB] on the Data section of the website. Diagram & Summary Unprotected road users Walking and cycling are transport modes where relatively unprotected road users interact with traffic of high speed and mass. This makes pedestrians and cyclists vulnerable. They suffer the most severe consequences in collisions with other road users because they cannot protect themselves against the speed and mass of the other party. Of all journeys, 20-40% are travelled by cycle or on foot, with the highest percentage in the Netherlands and the lowest in Finland. Trips on foot take place most frequently in Great Britain, whereas bicycle trips are most frequent in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden. Some groups of traffic participants walk or cycle more than others. These differences are also reflected in their crash involvement. Walking is particularly important for children below the age of 12 and adults aged 75 and above. The bicycle is used most frequently by adolescents (12-17 years of age). Crash characteristics Of all traffic fatalities in EU countries, the proportion of pedestrian fatalities is about 17% and the proportion of cyclist fatalities is about 6%. Age groups that have the highest percentage of pedestrian fatalities are children younger than 10 ye