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Spotlight on Pedestrian Safety by Tamara Redmon, Dan Gelinne, Leah Walton, and Jeff Miller FHWA's aggressive approach to reducing the fatality rate in 13 States and 5 municipalities is showing promising results. Focus cities have installed high-visibility crosswalks, such as this one in Montclair, NJ, in a number of locations to improve pedestrian safety. For the past 7.5 years, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has been trying to aggressively reduce pedestrian deaths by focusing extra resources on the States and cities with the highest numbers or rates of pedestrian fatalities. In recent years, 13 States experienced pedestrian fatalities above 150 per year and above the national rate of 2.5 per 100,000 population. In 2003 those States were Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Texas. An increase in Nevada's rate later added it to the list, while Michigan dropped off in 2007. In addition, five cities had the highest number of fatalities per year: Chicago, IL; Detroit, MI; Los Angeles, CA; New York, NY; and Phoenix, AZ. Washington, DC, later went on the list, and Detroit dropped off (only to rejoin in 2011). To address this challenge, FHWA's Focused Approach to Pedestrian Safety project began with a memorandum dated May 2004 outlining the goal of reducing pedestrian fatalities by 10 percent by the year 2008 (goal later changed to 2011). To address this performance goal, FHWA encouraged the affected States and cities to develop and implement pedestrian safety action plans. A previous article in Public Roads documented the early implementation of the Focused Approach to Pedestrian Safety (see "In Step With Safety" in the September/October 2006 issue). "The focused approach to pedestrian safety has changed the way road owners and operators view pedestrians," says Elizabeth Alicandri, FHWA director of the Office of Safety Programs. "One of the reasons it has bee

Pedestrian & Bicycle Safety Livable communities are a high priority of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Obama Administration. A livable community is one that provides safe and convenient transportation choices to all citizens, whether it's by walking, bicycling, transit, or driving. Each year, unfortunately, pedestrian fatalities comprise about 12 percent of all traffic fatalities and there are approximately 4,000 pedestrian deaths. Another 59,000 pedestrians are injured in roadway crashes annually. The numbers are improving, but we still have a ways to go. Pedestrian safety improvements depend on an integrated approach that involves the 4 E's: Engineering, Enforcement, Education, and Emergency Services. The FHWA's Office of Safety develops projects, programs and materials for use in reducing pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities. Pedestrian Safety Strategic Plan Pedestrian Safety Focus States and Cities Crash Facts Tools to Diagnose and Solve the Problem Education and Outreach Pedestrians and Transit Pedestrian Safety in Communities Hispanic Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety [En Español] Legislation and Guidelines Research Order Copies of CD's, Reports, and Other Resources Webinar Information Related Websites Consideration and Implementation of Proven Crash Countermeasures Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Areas in Urban and Suburban Areas Curbed medians provide a pedestrian refuge area both at intersections and midblock locations. While the length of the crossing is important in the pedestrian being able to cross the street during one cycle, it is the median that gives them a refuge if they can not. This is very important especially in midblock locations as that is where over 70% of pedestrian fatalities occur. Also it is where vehicle travel speed are higher which contributes to the injury and fatality rate at this location. Over 80% of pedestrians die when hit by vehicles traveling at 40 mph or faster while less than 20% die when hit at 20 mph.

Road Safety Research Centres   Worldwide   All contents copyright ©, Drive and Stay Alive, Inc., 2003 onwards, unless specified otherwise. All rights reserved.   IMPORTANT: click here to read the DISCLAIMER DSA Home Page Research Papers and Publications Go to Navigation Bar   Australia Netherlands Sweden Canada New Zealand UK Malaysia Spain USA   Please note that as this is a complex field, we would greatly appreciate any additional or update information you can give us regarding any establishments (and specific research papers) that we have not yet included. To do so, please contact us and, if possible, include the relevant URL(s).     Australia   Adelaide University -- Road Accident Research Unit (RARU)   Australian College of Road Safety (ACRS)   Australian National Crash In-depth Study (ANCIS)   ARRB Transport Research (ARRB)   Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS)   Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR)   Monash University -- Accident Research Centre (MUARC)                               -- Crashworthiness and Road Safety   Murdoch University -- Institute for Research in Safety and Transport     Return to Top of Page   Canada   Ryerson University, Toronto -- Dr. Said Easa, chair of Civil Engineering (2001)   Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF)      Return to Top of Page   Malaysia   Road Safety Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (RSRC)     Return to Top of Page   Netherlands   Institute for Road Safety Research (SWOV) (The letters stand for 'Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Verkeersveiligheid' if you were wondering!)   Return to Top of Page   New Zealand   Waikato University -- Traffic and Road Safety (TARS)     Return to Top of Page   Spain   University of Barcelona Faculty of Psychology -- Psychology and Road Safety     Return to Top of Page   Sweden   Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)     Return to

The Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q) is one of the leading centres in Australia dedicated to research, education and outreach activities in road safety, and is a vital player in the international pursuit of road safety. CARRS-Q exemplifies an approach to shaping and informing public debate that works through long-term partnerships with key government and industry bodies. The Centre was founded by well-known and respected Professor of Psychology Mary Sheehan, and is currently headed by Professor Barry Watson, with a very strong support team of leading academics. CARRS-Q was established in 1996 as a joint venture initiative of the Motor Accident Insurance Commission (MAIC) and Queensland University of Technology (QUT) . The Centre was created to address the enormous human, economic and social costs resulting from road crashes. This was made possible by a grant from the MAIC through the QUT Foundation. MAIC and QUT provide core funding for staff and research infrastructure. The Centre also obtains major funding support through successful national competitive research grants and consultancies. In November 2006, MAIC and QUT announced continued further funding for CARRS-Q over the next 5 years, an important endorsement of the Centre's achievements, and its valuable role in the community and commitment to achieving real and long-term results through providing research based information to policy makers. The major benefit for all key stakeholders and the Queensland community is the presence of a unique Centre which is an integral part of a strong collaborative research, policy analysis and change culture with very close working relationships with Queensland Transport, Queensland Police Service, Department of Main Roads, RACQ, QFleet, and other relevant government and industry departments and the Parliamentary Travelsafe Committee. CARRS-Q works collaboratively with strong networks in the road safety and injury prevention field

Transport Safety Research Centre About usKey interestsPeoplePublicationsLinks About us The objectives of the Transport Safety Research Centre are to reduce traffic casualties and mitigate the broader impact of transport on society by conducting world-leading basic and applied research. Previously called the Vehicle Safety Research Centre it was renamed in 2010 to reflect the greater diversity of its research in the field of traffic safety and transport technologies. The TSRC is a multi-disciplinary team conducting research into all aspects of road and vehicle safety and road user behaviour. With a team of over 35 staff and post-graduate researchers the Centre bases its research on real-world accident studies, naturalistic studies of driver behaviour and statistical analysis of accident, health and mobility data. We conduct research on behalf of Government and Industry and our work impacts directly on the road and vehicle safety policies and the performance requirements of new vehicles. In 2007 The Centre was recognised by the award to the University of the Queens Anniversary Prize. What we do We conduct research into the causes of road accidents and injuries, we measure the effectiveness of safety and mobility technologies and we provide the evidence base for policy development. Our research is both applied and basic and is published widely as reports and papers - we strive for research excellence. The results of our work are used by governments to improve road safety policies and by industry to improve transport products and services. The Centre was formed in 1982 in order to study vehicle crashworthiness and car occupant protection conducting in-depth crash investigations and injury analyses. Accident investigation has continued uninterrupted since then and the team is now responsible for all UK in-depth accident research. Over this time the research has broadened and the Centre now conducts a wide range of research into the performance of vehicle safety

Monash University > Monash Injury Research Institute > Research at Monash > Research areas > Transport safety Researcher profile Professor Mark Stevenson Director, Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) "Most people perceive injuries or accidents as chance occurrences, but we know from scientific research that they have underlying causes and distributions like any other disease that can be studied and therefore prevented." Consultancies You can benefit from our experience and leadership in the field of injury prevention. Executive training From 2012 MIRI will offer advanced training in road safety management and leadership. Search our reports Each year our staff produce reports on a broad range of topics across the spectrum of injury prevention. Leading researchers Adjunct Professor Brian Fildes Adjunct Professor Max Cameron Adjunct Professor Ian Johnston Adjunct Professor Peter Vulcan Emeritus Professor Tom Triggs Dr Judith Charlton Associate Director, Behavioural Safety Science Dr Bruce Corben Associate Director, Safe System Strategies and Road Infrastructure Dr Michael Lenne Associate Director, Human Factors Dr Stuart Newstead Associate Director, Injury Analysis and Data Dr Jennie Oxley Associate Director, Global Engagement Monash University Accident Research Centre The Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) was established in 1987 and is Australia's largest and most respected transport safety research centre. Our research, consultancy and training include safety across all modes of transport. Since our founding we have developed research-based solutions that have led directly to making Australians safer - and have made us an acknowledged leader in the field. We are committed to the excellence of our research, the independence of our recommendations and the engagement we have with the communities we serve. We have many clients both national and international, and have forged long-term relationships with a number of

Roundabouts emerging as the ideal intersection February 6, 2012    University of Wisconsin-Madison  e-Mail Print     MADISON, WIS. - They've become the subject of myriad YouTube "how-to" videos. Entire department of transportation websites explain how to navigate them. And, they elicit more than a little anxiety and confusion in the minds of drivers entering, circling and exiting them. Yet, roundabouts are rapidly cropping up in locales ranging from city streets to rural intersections and Interstate off-ramps. In essence, they are the "next big thing" in roadway intersections. Roundabouts provide drivers an efficient, safer alternative to traditional four-way intersections governed by stop signs or traffic signals, says David Noyce, a University of Wisconsin-Madison professor of civil and environmental engineering. An expert in transportation safety, Noyce directs the Wisconsin Traffic Operations and Safety (TOPS) Laboratory at UW-Madison. "In typical traffic engineering, there's a tradeoff between safety and operations. Generally, 'safe' equals 'inefficient,'" he says. "Our research has shown roundabouts offer benefits in both of these." TOPS researchers have studied not only roundabout safety and "operations," but also the inner workings of seven software packages transportation engineers use to design roundabouts. They already have presented their findings as testimony at a legislative hearing in Wisconsin and at international transportation research conferences. From Jan. 22 through 26, they discussed their roundabouts research in Washington, D.C., at the Transportation Research Board annual meeting, which draws more than 11,000 transportation professionals from around the world. At the national and international levels, their research not only can improve roundabout design software, but also inform traffic engineers' decisions related to how to design roundabouts and where to construct them. In Wisconsin, drivers can encounter a

Making roads safer for motorcycles and mopeds Practical and fun… More and more motorcycles and mopeds ("powered two-wheelers" - PTWs) are on the streets. Particularly in cities, they offer a solution to increasing traffic, scarce parking and the high cost of private-car ownership. Users of PTWs range from leisure motorcyclists riding high-power engines to young people and professionals using mopeds for their daily commute. From 2001 to 2007, the number of motorcycles on European roads increased 34%. …but vulnerable Compared to cars, PTWs are less stable, less visible and offer less protection to the driver. They are involved in a disproportionately high percentage of fatal and serious accidents, most of which are in cities and caused by human error. In 2008 for example, at least 6 800 riders were killed. Meaning that PTWs accounted for some 17% of all road fatalities but only 2% of road users. 1 in 3 victims among PTW users is under 25, but middle-aged riders too have higher accident rates than car drivers of the same age. What is the EU doing? Improving PTW safety EU efforts to improve the safety of driving, roads and vehicles is focusing on: training: moped permits and minimum age requirements - EU Directive 2006/126/EC standardising driving licences research projects - to design safer guardrails (SMART RRS), study the use of sensors to alert road users to each other's presence (WATCH-OVER) and develop driver-assistance and other intelligent applications for motorcycles (SAFERIDER).

Pedestrians and Cyclists Introduction | Crash characteristics where and how | Measures to reduce crash numbers and injury severity | Pedestrians and cyclists unprotected road users | Promote cycling and bicycle helmets or not | References | Special regulations for pedestrians and cyclists | PDF This text on pedestrians and cyclists safety, reviews the scientific studies on the magnitude and nature of the safety problem, the contributing accident factors, and the effectiveness of countermeasures. For information on the development of casualty frequencies and accident circumstances over the period 1996-2005 per European country, please consult the Basic Fact Sheet Pedestrians [467 KB] and the Basic Fact Sheet Bicycles [574 KB] on the Data section of the website. Diagram & Summary Unprotected road users Walking and cycling are transport modes where relatively unprotected road users interact with traffic of high speed and mass. This makes pedestrians and cyclists vulnerable. They suffer the most severe consequences in collisions with other road users because they cannot protect themselves against the speed and mass of the other party. Of all journeys, 20-40% are travelled by cycle or on foot, with the highest percentage in the Netherlands and the lowest in Finland. Trips on foot take place most frequently in Great Britain, whereas bicycle trips are most frequent in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden. Some groups of traffic participants walk or cycle more than others. These differences are also reflected in their crash involvement. Walking is particularly important for children below the age of 12 and adults aged 75 and above. The bicycle is used most frequently by adolescents (12-17 years of age). Crash characteristics Of all traffic fatalities in EU countries, the proportion of pedestrian fatalities is about 17% and the proportion of cyclist fatalities is about 6%. Age groups that have the highest percentage of pedestrian fatalities are children younger than 10 ye

0: Transportation Modes 101: Inter-modality 110: Para-transit, Motorbike and Non-motorized Transport 120: Railway and Rail Transit 121: Intercity Railway Planning 122: Urban Railway Planning 123: Railway Engineering 124: Railway Operation 130: Bus Operation and Services 131: Network Planning and Design 132: Bus Rapid Transit 133: Performance Evaluation 134: Operation and Management 135: Pricing 140: Air Transportation 141: Airport Planning and Operation 142: Airlines 151: Port Planning and Operation 152: Maritime and Inland Water Transportation 160: Highway and Road 161: Highway Planning and Design Concept 162: Road Maintenance 163: Pavement Design 164: Parking 211: Road Network Modeling 212: Traffic Flow Analysis 220: Transportation Demand Modeling 221: Transportation Survey 222: Behavioral Analysis 223: Transportation Demand Analysis 224: Traffic Assignment 225: Tourism, Leisure and Recreation" 300: Urban Road System 320: Traffic Control Systems and Policy 330: Transportation Demand Management 340: ITS Policy and Research 342: Evaluating ITS 343: Data Collection 344: ITS for Road Safety 345: Simulation and Modeling 410: Physical Distribution and Logistics 411: International Logistics 412: Inter-regional Logistics 413: Urban Logistics 510: Transportation and the Environment 511: Roadside Environment 514: Health 520: Traffic Accidents and Road Safety 521: Accident Analysis 522: Accident Countermeasure 523: Human Factor 600: Regional Economy and Finance 610: Land Use and Spatial Analysis 630: Issues in Transportation Economics 640: Project Evaluation 650: Project Management 700: Sustainable Transport Planning 710: Policy and Strategies 720: Implementation of Policies and Strategies 730: Funding Strategies 810: Disaster 000: Others TO VIEW PDF FILES:

Children are the foundation of the cycling culture When you use a bike as a child, chances are that you will also use a bike as a grown-up. In Denmark, the cycling culture is built through more than 100 years. The foundation of the cycling culture is the fact that Danish children learn to ride a bike from their parents, brothers and sisters, or friends. Cycling is inherited from one generation to the next. But the culture is only kept alive, if it is used. If all children stopped cycling, it would not take long for the cycling culture to decline. The Cycling Embassy of Denmark places great emphasis on the creation of the best possible conditions for children who cycle. This article provides insight into three different kinds of projects with the purpose of supporting and improving the conditions for the child cycling. Cycle Games Children should feel encouraged to play and move around, and a bike is an ideal means for that purpose. When children cycle their sense of balance and mobility are stimulated. At the same time, the sense of locality and the perception of space and direction are increased, because the movement is being done at a higher velocity and on a moving vehicle. Furthermore, learning through play is a more effective way of learning than the old-fashioned cycle training with broom handle and supporting wheel. We believe that it is reasonable to begin at the age of two. When children play on their bike, the focus is shifted from the bike to the playing. When the actual cycling "automated" and the attention is on the surroundings, the basis is created for safe children cycling. The safe cyclist does not think about how the bike works, but only has the focus on the surroundings and the other cyclists. Cycle games contributes to better cyclists. Because the children have fun while they learn, chances are that they as adults will use the bike as their everyday means of transport. In Denmark the project "Cycle Games for everybody" consist of the foll

Principle Areas of Research The principal areas of current research activity within the Centre for Transport Studies include: Travel behaviour and transport modelling (e.g., survey design and data analysis, travel demand modelling using advanced statistical and econometric techniques, activity based modelling, microsimulation modelling of daily travel, analysis of traveller dynamics and learning). Transport technology and telematics (e.g., the design and evaluation of telematics systems for information dissemination and pricing, innovative data collection methods, impacts of e-commerce on travel behaviour, technological innovations for the elderly and disabled). Transport operations (e.g., modelling of traffic flow and control strategies, analysis of capacity and network reliability, microsimulation of traffic flow, network design and optimisation). Transport and environment (e.g., analysis of air quality impacts of local traffic management measures, transport and health, travel demand management policies, urban design and energy use) Transport policy and regulation (e.g., utilities regulation, funding and financing of infrastructure, pricing and investment appraisal, urban economics, transport economics and policy) Railway operations and management (e.g., the analysis of risk in rail investment decisions, design and analysis of safety critical systems (e.g. signalling), comparative assessment of performance through benchmarking studies). Geomatics (e.g., design and testing of high performance navigation and positioning systems, geodesy and surveying, earth observation, applications of GIS and GPS in Civil Engineering). Port operations and logistics (e.g., benchmarking and operational efficiency, port technology and planning, logistics and supply chain applications in ports and shipping, intermodal operations and management, safety and security issues). Air transport operations and planning (e.g., analysis of air sector capacity, airport performance analysis, envi

Welcome to the Centre for Automotive Safety Research Newsletter - At the Scene CASR publishes a quarterly Newsletter called "At the Scene" that gives updates on the activities of the Centre and highlights some of our staff and research projects. In the current edition: Road crashes: Extreme behaviours or simple mistakes? Impact Testing of the New Zealand Sea Lion Exclusion Device Sleepiness identification in crashes Visiting researcher from Nihon University CASR 2010 Annual Report now available The CASR Annual Report for 2010 provides an overview of the work undertaken at the Centre during 2010. Recent CASR Reports The relative contribution of system failures and extreme behaviour in South Australian crashes (CASR092) Best practice in OHSW mass media campaigns (CASR091) Sleepiness and road crashes: Challenges of definition and measurement (CASR082) Heavy vehicle road safety: Research scan (CASR100) Advisory Intelligent Speed Adaptation for government fleets (CASR099) The Centre for Automotive Safety Research is supported by sustaining funds from the Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure (SA) and the Motor Accident Commission (SA).

Bicycle Related Sites This page lists bicycle related web sites. Our focus is to provide information on bicycling as a mode of transportation. The sites listed below do not represent the views of the Department. They are for informational purposes only and the Department cannot be held liable for misinformation from any of these sites. Every effort has been made to review each site for content, however should a site grossly misstate facts or sources please send an e-mail to Ann Mahaney and the link will be removed. National Organizations: National Bicycle Safety Network - Contains safety and other information concerning bikes. Bicycle and Pedestrian Information Organization - Contains technical information on bicycles and walking. The League of American Bicyclists - ...for a bicycle friendly America, the national organization of bicyclists. Bicycle Federation of America - an electronic information center for bicycle and pedestrian advocates, practitioners, public officials and interested citizens. State Organizations: California Bicycle Coalition (CBC) - A non-profit organization that advocates increased bicycle use, access, safety and education, by promoting the bicycle as an everyday means of transportation and recreation. Smart Traveler - the single place on the internet to get information on all of your transportation options in California. California Association of Bicycling Organization (CABO) - California's bicycle clubs organized into a state federation in 1972 to protect bicyclists' interests state-wide and to encourage, maintain, and improve bicycling conditions. Local Organizations: LADOT Bicycle Services - The purpose of the LADOT Bicycle Homepage is to provide bicycle information to the constituents of the City of Los Angeles. Monterey Off Road Cycling Association (MORCA) - MORCA is an organized voice for responsible mountain biking in Monterey County. SLO County Bicycle Coalition - Transforming San Luis Obispo County into a safer and more livable

BIKE-FRIENDLY WORLD Bike Tour Will Visit London's 10 Most Dangerous Intersections to Call for Cyclist Safety A bike tour this weekend will stop at all ten of London's most dangerous intersections to call for measures to promote cyclist and pedestrian safety. Toyota Funds Bike That Reads Minds This new "Prius of bicycles" switches gears based on your brain waves. Pretty smart, huh? Clever Dutch 'Traffic Garden' From 1950s Teaches Children About Road Safety It's a great idea to teach children about road safety (on foot, bikes, and in cars) long before they apply for their driver's license. This makes the road safer for everybody, and encourages biking. The Top 20 Most Bike-Friendly Cities According to the 2011 Copenhagenize Index A very comprehensive ranking of cities around the world based on many criteria that matter to cyclists. How does your city rank? Does it make the cut? Profile: An American in Amsterdam Talks About Bike Culture (Video) Julie A. Ruterbories, the U.S. Consul General in Amsterdam, discusses her experience with bike culture in the Netherlands and what we can learn from it. What Gets Measured Gets Managed: Cracking The Tracking of Bikes and Pedestrians Clever system picks up the bluetooth signals from cellphones to monitor how many people are using a street or sidewalk or bike lane. Police Confiscate Generators, Occupy Wall Street Switches to Bike Power (Video) Occupy Wall Street Turns To Sustainability With Bike Energy 'Green Phase' Traffic Signal is Great for Cyclists! This special traffic signal makes busy intersections safer and more bike-friendly. Cycle Chalao! Bike Sharing Comes to India Cycle Chalao! is bringing bike-sharing to Pune -- and the federal government is looking to help the program expand around the country. Penny Farthing Racing is Surprisingly Intense (Video) This summer, the IG Markets London Nocturne, perhaps the premier urban cycling competition, featured a variety of challenges that included straight-forward races

"Solving the Epidemic of Preventable Pedestrian Deaths The decades-long neglect of pedestrian safety in the design and use of American streets is exacting a heavy toll on our lives. In the last decade, from 2000 through 2009, more than 47,700 pedestrians were killed in the United States, the equivalent of a jumbo jet full of passengers crashing roughly every month. On top of that, more than 688,000 pedestrians were injured over the decade, a number equivalent to a pedestrian being struck by a car or truck every 7 minutes. Despite the magnitude of these avoidable tragedies, little public attention - and even less in public resources - has been committed to reducing pedestrian deaths and injuries in the United States. On the contrary, transportation agencies typically prioritize speeding traffic over the safety of people on foot or other vulnerable road users. Nationwide, pedestrians account for nearly 12 percent of total traffic deaths. But state departments of transportation have largely ignored pedestrian safety from a budgetary perspective, allocating only about 1.5 percent of available federal funds to projects that retrofit dangerous roads or create safe alternatives."

Pros and cons regarding bicycle helmet legislation Promote cycling and bicycle helmets or not? Promoting cycling: changes to expect Pros and cons regarding bicycle helmet legislation Although bicycle speed is rather limited, it is acknowledged that a properly designed helmet provides very good protection for the most vulnerable part of the body, the head, from being severely injured in a crash. Whereas the helmet is more or less compulsory in all countries for participants in sporting events, in most countries it is still optional for cycle touring or bicycle rides in general (see Bicycle helmet legislation for exceptions). Some cyclists are against the helmet as it imposes a requirement conflicting with the feeling of freedom given by the bicycle or because it is unsightly, uncomfortable, or unnecessary over short distances. Others are firmly in favour of it as it provides good head protection [16]. In 2000, helmets were worn on a voluntary basis by 15% of cyclists in Finland, 16% in the United Kingdom, 17% in Sweden, 7% in Switzerland and 6% in Norway. In Denmark, 68% of children, who are passengers on bicycles (children between 0 and 5 years old), were using helmets. 34% of the children between 6 and 9 years old use helmets on their bicycles. Only 5% of cyclists aged between 10 and 25 year old used a helmet, and among cyclists aged 25 years and older only 3% used a helmet. The proportion is insignificant in most other countries [16]. Several reviews have been conducted on the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in reducing head and facial injuries [54][53][41][30] . Studies over the last 15 years in the United States, Europe, Australia and New Zealand indicate that bicycle helmets are very effective in decreasing the risk of head and brain injuries. Critics of legislation, though, have pointed out that reductions in absolute numbers of cycling fatalities and severe head injuries can be at least partially explained by a decrease in cycling per se. Given that good evi

Bicycles riders (cyclists) on public streets have the same rights and responsibilities as automobile drivers and are subject to the same rules and regulations as any other vehicle on the road. Each year in California, over one hundred people are killed, and hundreds of thousands more are injured in bicycle collisions. The keys to safe bicycling include being predictable, visible and communicating your intentions to motorists. The following links provide valuable information on Bicycle Rules and Safety, as well as some helpful hints and general bicycle information. Bicycle Rules and SafetySafety Tips for Bicyclists and Motorists (FFDL 37)DMV Driver's Handbook-Bicycle SectionSafety Guidelines and Bike TipsTips for Safe Bicycle RidingBicycle Safety Links10 Smart Routes to Bicycle SafetyGeneral Bicycle InformationCaltrans Bicycle InformationCalifornia Air Resources Board-Bicycle Awareness ProgramBicycle Related SitesCalifornia Vehicle Code Sections for BicyclesVehicle Code 21200 Series-Operation of BicyclesVehicle Code 39000 Series-Registration and LicensingFor information on Motorized Bicycles and Motorcycles check DMV's Motorcycle Driver Handbook.Motorcycle Driver Handbook (PDF)  Everyone should be aware of Bicycle Safety   

Urban transport in the developing world: perspectives from the first decade of the new millenium Harry T. Dimitriou, Ralph Gakenheimer 0 Resenhas Edward Elgar Publishing, 30/03/2011 - 631 páginas The twenty thematic chapters in this book provide a broad set of perspectives on the plight, possibilities and opportunities of urban transport in the developing world, set against the challenges of sustainable development. The contributors expertly set the international context of transport policy-making and planning for developing cities and present a critical review of recent developments that have taken place and which offer lessons for the future. The special features that distinguish this book are: its multiple institutional perspectives on transport in the urban development of developing cities: its efforts to link sustainability with urban transport and other development concerns; and its understanding of the consequences of globalism in choices and obligations for urban transport. This Handbook will prove invaluable for professional practitioners and academics engaged in and concerned with the future of movement in cities of the developing world. It will also be of interest to students of urban transport and city planning, particularly those from developing countries. Politicians, policy-makers and international development agencies and investors, as well as those working for international non-government organizations wishing to familiarize themselves with the mounting transportation challenges of developing cities, will also find this book a source of inspiration. « Menos    Ver uma prévia deste livro » O que estão dizendo - Escrever uma resenha Não encontramos nenhuma resenha nos lugares comuns. Livros relacionados ‹ Sustainability and cities Peter Newman, Jeffrey R. Kenworthy Urban transport planning Harry T. Dimitriou Cities on the move World Bank, K. M. Gwilliam Urban transport development Emin Tengström A developmental approach to urb

Transguide is a website that collects and disseminates information about transport research. Transguide covers all modes and disciplines of transport. Subjects are primarily traffic, road users, vehicles, transport and infrastructure and various aspects of these such as economics, environment, psychology, politics, planning, safety and technology. Transguide was introduced 1991 and is continually being developed to give those interested in transport research an all-round forum for information on literature, research, conferences and much more. The Library and Information Centre at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) - the largest transport research environment in Sweden - produces and maintains the databases and the website. The most important and most used resource is the National transport library catalogue. In the beginning - mid 70's - the online catalogue was called Roadline since the main VTI focus then was on road materials, construction and mainteance issues. During the years this changed; VTI became more of a multimodal, multisubject research institute and the Library and Information Centre (BIC) followed. The name of the catalogue changed to TRAX. Now, 15 years later, we change name to the National Transport Library Catalogue in order to reflect the explicit responsibility given to us by the Swedish Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communication.