He argued that sovereignty, or ultimate political power in a state, derives not
from the monarch but from the ‘people’ or ‘nation’, that it must be exercised in
their interest and for their benefit, that it should be controlled and
circumscribed by laws, and that the ruler's tenure of office is in the nature of
a trust exercised for the people's benefit and with their consent, underpinned
by an implicit agreement or ‘social contract’