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Copyright Infringement means using the original piece without the permission of the copyright holder, as such or in parts (without attributing the part to the owner). According to the US copyright laws, one can face heavy penalties in cases of copyright infringement. The infringement may also lead to a jail term or a penalty followed by a jail term.

Princeton University Press v. Michigan Document Services (1996) Michigan Document Services was involved in creating packages of study material for the students of the University. A professor supplied the course material and Michigan Document services, a photocopying organization, took photocopies of the material and converted it into a booklet for sale to students at the University. There was a clause of "Fair use" in this case. The photocopying company could have paid a nominal fee to the University and then used the material. This was available to anyone who wished to use the material. However, the photocopying company paid for only the original and then started making photocopies of the study material. The court considered that it was not "fair use" and penalized the photocopying company. A & M Records vs. Napster (2001) This is one of the most famous cases of copyright infringement related to the music industry. As peer to peer file sharing increased, Napster started a website. This website offered downloads of songs of all genre – new and old. You may know someone who used it. A & M Records brought in a joint copyright infringement case which accused Napster of stealing music and making it available to people worldwide. Before closing the site in 2002, Napster had to settle USD26 million to different recording companies and songwriters. It could have even more if Napster had not apologized and folded the site. Several websites still thrive on offering free music to people who can download it at no cost. As mentioned in our article on "Internet Ethics and Copyright Laws", the music industry faces most copyright infringement cases. The Napster case, though an example of the consequences, still does not act as a deterrent for other music websites that offer free music downloads. We hope these famous copyright infringement cases have clarified what is considered copyright violation to some extent. If you still have any questions, please free to contact us using the comments facility.

This refers to your efforts to create a sense of online community. Positive climate building can reduce anxiety about communicating online, and contribute to a positive collegial environment. Climate building can be developed by:  Use of first names by participants.  Responding promptly to messages sent to you.  Use of reinforcement phrases (i.e., "Good idea!" or "Thanks for the suggestions," etc.).  Use of personalizing remarks (i.e., a reference to where you are working -- home, office, terminal, what is happening around you, the weather, etc.). Avoiding hostile or curt comments. No objectionable, sexist, or racist language will be tolerated.  Displaying humour.  Promoting cooperation by offering assistance and support to other participants and by sharing ideas.  Beyond Netiquette: Dos and Don'ts   Demonstrating courtesy online is fundamental. (Absolutely no abusive or libelous comments will be permitted.)  Use only your real first and last name online.  Confidentiality: No one else should be given access to any of the conferences (either viewing onscreen or in print), without the previous consent of all participants and conferees.  Copyright & Plagiarism: Don't use the words or text of others without proper acknowledgement of the source (if this was in some public source), or -- if private (as in a conference) unless you first have the author's permission.  The use of humor can be very tricky; sometimes it is seen as sarcasm or derision rather than as funny. Symbols or parenthetic phrases (e.g., :-) or "ha! ha!") can help to convey emotional tone and help to prevent misunderstandings.

What is Fair Use?Fair use is a concept embedded in U.S. law that recognizes that certain uses of copyright-protected works do not require permission from the copyright holder. (See Title 17, section 107) What Determines Fair Use?The following four factors are used to determine if a use is fair: The purpose of the use (eg. commercial vs. educational)* The nature of the copyrighted work The amount of the material used (the greater the amount copied, the less likely it is fair use) The effect of use on the potential market for or value of the work * Not all uses in an academic context are automatically considered fair use!  Fair Use in AcademiaThe Fair Use Doctrine is probably the most important exemption to copyright protections for educational settings, allowing many uses of copyrighted works for the purposes of teaching and research. The complexity of fair use and its importance in academia make it imperative that every member of NYU-Poly understands how to make judgements concerning fair use. Review these Common Scenarios to help you determine whether or not fair use is appropriate. Tools to help you Determine Fair Use Fair Use Analysis Tool:  guides users through the process of determining if a use is fair. Developed by The University of Minnesota Libraries. Fair Use Evaluator: helps users collect, organize, and document the information they may need to support a fair use claim, and  provides a time-stamped PDF document for the users’ records. Developed by the American Library Association, Office for Information Technology Policy.  

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Back to Microsoft SubnetPrivacy and Security FanaticMs. Smith -- Select Microsoft Subnet Blog --Author expert: Microsoft Expression Web 3Brian Egler's SQL Server StrategiesEssential SharePointManaging MicrosoftMicrosoft Explorer Microsoft InsightsMicrosoft, Google and cloud tech newsMostly MicrosoftPrivacy and Security FanaticRated Critical: A Microsoft Security BlogSecrets of Windows Back Office ServersSQL Marklar The Best Microsoft VideosThe Social EnterpriseWatch Your Assets Previous Article iPredators: Cyberbullying to cyber-harassing troll cop from hellOctober is pegged to raise awareness about cyberbullying, cybersecurity and domestic violence, but an iPredator can play a part in all three. While getting help from the authorities is not always easy, what about when the cyber-creep doing the harassing and trolling is a cop? By Ms. Smith on Wed, 10/24/12 - 12:24pm. window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId : '147094931979429', //NWW appId channelUrl : '//www.networkworld.com/community/sites/all/modules/nwmisc/channel.html', status : true, // check login status cookie : true, // enable cookies to allow the server to access the session xfbml : true // parse XFBML }); FB.Event.subscribe('edge.create', function(response) { if(typeof(OPG.Tracking.omniture_tl) != 'undefined') OPG.Tracking.omniture_tl('Social Click Complete', 'default'); }); }; (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); 4 Comments Print document.writeln(''); document.writeln(''); document.writeln(''); document.writeln(''); document.writeln(''); document.writeln(''); document.writeln(''); clas

When it comes to cyberbullying, there are thousands of articles online about the tragic suicide of 15-year-old Amanda Todd and how Anonymous may have unmasked the man who bullied her into sending pictures which he later posted online and sent to her friends. While the man responsible for tormenting the Canadian teenager was a creep and a bully, since an adult was involved then it technically wasn't cyberbullying, according to Stop cyberbullying.

An Introduction to Fair Use What is Fair Use? Fair use is the most significant limitation on the copyright holder's exclusive rights (United States Copyright Office, 2010, para. 1). Deciding whether the use of a work is fair IS NOT a science. There are no set guidelines that are universally accepted. Instead, the individual who wants to use a copyrighted work must weigh four factors:

Teaching About Web Includes Troublesome Parts

When Kevin Jenkins wanted to teach his fourth-grade students at Spangler Elementary here how to use the Internet, he created a site where they could post photographs, drawings and surveys.

And they did. But to his dismay, some of his students posted surveys like “Who’s the most popular classmate?” and “Who’s the best-liked?” Mr. Jenkins’s students “liked being able to express themselves in a place where they’re basically by themselves at a computer,” he said. “They’re not thinking that everyone’s going to see it.”