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sheldonmer

Hard Evidence: how does false information spread online? - 0 views

theconversation.com/nformation-spread-online-25567

social media false information online news procon

shared by sheldonmer on 16 Nov 14 - No Cached
    • sheldonmer
      sheldonmer on 16 Nov 14
       
      This article is a great way to look at the negative effects of social media and the false information it can spread. After the Egyptian Revolution, many false reports were being spread through social media to create distrust between groups of people who were unhappy with the result of the uprising. The struggle for power is real in Egypt and other places around the world, and social media can be used as a tool for spreading important information fast, or can be used as a tool for spreading an agenda. This article discusses what the world thinks about social media and the problems of false information spreading and what people plan on doing about it.
irede123

Broadcasting Reform Is Urgently Needed To Fight ISIS - 0 views

cnsnews.com/...orm-urgently-needed-fight-isis

ISIS politics

shared by irede123 on 04 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • irede123 on 04 Mar 16
     
    "The U.S. government desperately needs new and better tools to fight the information war against the Islamic State (ISIS) and other terrorist networks."
stuartsayes

interactive map of Middle East ports - 0 views

www.worldportsource.com/...region.7.php

middle east ports shipping

shared by stuartsayes on 05 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • stuartsayes on 05 Mar 16
     
    This source presents a visual tool for understanding the layout of ports in the Middle East. Not only does the site show the locations, icons show the size of the ports in the region.
micklethwait

CCCC Statement on Second Language Writing and Writers - 0 views

www.ncte.org/...secondlangwriting

cccc writing composition communication EAL statement

shared by micklethwait on 16 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • dapting to or adopting North American discursive strategies
  • to understand their characteristics
  • sensitive to their linguistic and cultural needs.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • In classes made up exclusively of second language writers, enrollments should be limited to a maximum of 15 students per class.
  • instructors should avoid topics that require substantial background knowledge that is related to a specific culture or history that is not being covered by the course.
  • Writing instructors should look for evidence of a text's rhetorically effective features, rather than focus only on one or two of these features that stand out as problematic.
  • Further, "patchwriting," defined by Rebecca Moore Howard, as the copying of sections of texts, such as phrasings and sentence patterns, is a natural part of the process of learning to write in a second language.
  • We advocate that instructors take extra care when suspecting a second language writer of plagiarism, and take into consideration the student's cultural background, level of experience with North American educational systems, and confidence level for writing in English.
  • Any writing course, including basic writing, first-year composition, advanced writing, and professional writing, as well as any writing-intensive course that enrolls any second language writers should be taught by an instructor who is able to identify and is prepared to address the linguistic and cultural needs of second language writers. 
  • should be based on students’ writing proficiency
  • mainstreaming
  • the literacy support of second language writers needs to extend beyond the composition requirement as well.
  • approaches for designing writing assignments that are culturally inclusive, and approaches for assessing writing that are ethical in relation to second language writing.
  • Therefore, it is imperative that writing centers model and discuss effective approaches for working with second language writers in tutor training, make available reference materials specific to language learners such as dictionaries on idiomatic English, and hire tutors with specialized knowledge in second language writing.
  • Second language writers often come from contexts in which writing is shaped by linguistic and cultural features different from their NES peers. Beliefs related to individuality versus collectivity, ownership of text and ideas, student versus teacher roles, revision, structure, the meaning of different rhetorical moves, writer and reader responsibility, and the roles of research and inquiry all impact how student writers shape their texts.
  • scaffolding, creating benchmarks within larger projects, and incorporating additional resources such as the writing center.
  • to identify strengths second language writers bring to the classroom.
  • With the help of an instructor, second language writers can learn to bridge the strategies they use to communicate socially through digital media to the expectations of the academy. Therefore, instructors need to learn how to proficiently work with the writing tools and within the writing contexts that will help second language writers create these bridges. As in this case, instructors need to be trained to work with various writing media (e.g., computer programs) so that they can take advantage of these pedagogical opportunities.
  • instructors will be better prepared to work with second language students if issues of second language writing and writers are a consistent feature that is re-enforced throughout their training in writing instruction, especially in-service training encouraged of all writing instructors.
  • We recommend that writing programs familiarize themselves with the multilingual populations surrounding their institutions. Doing so not only provides valuable insight into the language experiences of some students in your writing programs, but it also could identify large multilingual populations wishing to matriculate into the college/university. Information on local populations can be collected from the US Census Bureau’s American FactFinder website. Also, websites such as the National Center for Education Statistics provides data on the number of English Language Learners (ELL) receiving special services in area high schools, some of whom might aspire to enter the university one day. Such information can be collected and disseminated on a centrally managed university website for the benefit of both instructors within the composition program and other university faculty.
allieggg

http://mgt.guc.edu.eg/wpapers/005mohamed_hamdy2008.pdf - 2 views

DIIGO_FILE_HOME/4xj2f/byi0

watsa cronyism nepotism guanxi social norms middle east

shared by allieggg on 05 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Jordanian survey, 87% of the respondents wanted to eradicate wasta.
  • Cunnigham and Sarayrah (1994) suggest that the modern oil boom in the Arab world may have perpetuated wasta by reducing the need for hard work.
  • human resource departments in the Arab world depend heavily on subjective assessment tools such as unstructured interviews.
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • most Arab economies suffer from very high levels of unemployment. Good jobs are scarce. This motivates applicants to use every mean possible to improve their chances of being hired.
  • For example, sons of police and military officers are given preference in admission to the Egyptian police academy or military college, respectively.
  • study conducted by Whiteoak, Crawford and Mapstone (2006) showed the young UAE citizens believed that wasta is more useful than do their older citizens. This finding may imply that wasta is strengthening rather than diminishing in Arab societies. Commenting on the spread of wasta in Egypt, a senior bank official told one of the authors that up to 25% of his staff were hired only because of their wasta.
  • many top governmental positions are reserved for members of the ruling families or members of their supporting tribes
  • First, to maintain their grip on authority, Arab political regimes tend to place close confidants in key positions even if they are not the most qualified for such positions.
  • In Syria, the key argument made in favor of selecting Basher Al Asad as the country’s president was that he was the son of the late president Hafez Al Asad.
  • study conducted by Kilani and Sakija in Jordan showed that 90% of the respondents believed that they would use wasta in the future.
  • In the Quran, Muslims are instructed that “the best that you can hire employee is one who is competent and trustworthy” (Quran, 28, 26). Prophet Mohamed is also reported to have said “He who is in a leadership position and appoints knowingly a person who is not qualified to manage, than he violates the command of God and His messenger”. He also stated “when a person assumes an authority over people and promotes one of them because of personal preferences, God will curse him for ever”.
  • Rising to high levels requires important connections. Receiving important privileges or benefits is contingent upon using the right connections.
  • Intercessory wasta on the other hand, involves someone intervening on behalf of a client to obtain an advantage or 2overcome a barrier from an authority figure. It is this type of wasta that affects hiring decisions.
  • Those who are supported by strong others will not be put down or rejected. Only the unconnected or unsupported are punished.
  • people who are related to important others (especially in government) are fortunate as they will have their demands or needs fulfilled. People serve those that are related to important people.
  • People tend to serve those that they know. Without knowing anybody, you will have difficulty getting the service you want.
  • The turban symbolizes a senior respected person. If you know a senior person, your demands will be meet. Similar to the second proverb
  • Intermediary wasta is utilized to facilitate the resolution of intergroup or interpersonal conflicts. In this system, wasta improves human relations and reinforces social norms.
  • Intermediary wasta is utilized to facilitate the resolution of intergroup or interpersonal conflicts. In this system, wasta improves human relations and reinforces social norms. Intercessory wasta on the other hand, involves someone intervening on behalf of a client to obtain an advantage or 2overcome a barrier from an authority figure. It is this type of wasta that affects hiring decisions.
  • feed feelings of injustice and frustration among those who are qualified for the job but do not have a wasta. Wasta is also different from the more popular nepotism and cronyism. While nepotism involves hiring of relatives and friends, wasta is not restricted to such groups and may involve strangers
  • may lead to poor job performance and economic decline.
  • Indeed, wasta is blamed for Arab world’s poor economic performance and brain drain (Al Maeena, 2003; Cunnigham & Sarayrah, 1994). Kilani and Sakijha (2002) stress that wasta is becoming a burden on its seeker, its granter and the government.
  • Arab wasta has been compared to the Chinese concept of guanxi. Both wasta and guanxi use social networks to influence the distribution of advantages and resources. However, while guanxi is based on Confucian ethics which focus on strengthening collective ties (Hutchings & Weir, 2006a; Hutchings & Weir, 2006b); wasta violates Muslim ethics which prescribe hiring the most qualified.
  • Wasta plays a critical role in hiring and promotion decisions in Arab organizations. Before applying to a position, applicants may seek out a wasta to improve their chances of being hired. A person with poor qualifications but a strong wasta will be favored over a person who is more qualified but does not have a wasta. Because many people may apply with wasta, the applicant with the most important wasta often gets the position.
  • allieggg on 05 Oct 14
     
    Compiled by faculty members at the German University in Cairo, this working paper series addresses the effect that watsa has on competence and morality in Middle Eastern economics and society. The authors define watsa as, "the intervention of a patron in favor of a client to obtain benefits and/or resources from a third party." In simpler terms it is a system of social networking in Arab culture in which family and social ties play a significant role in the attainment of economic advantages and resources, largely in the hiring process in businesses and organizations. A person applying for a job seeks out watsa to increase their chances of getting hired. Comparable to nepotism and cronyism, but is not restricted to friends and associates, watsa can also involve strangers linked through some social web of people. Watsa runs somewhat parallel to a Chinese concept of guanxi, based on Confucian ethics and focusing on strong collective ties. While guanxi is a part of Chinese ethics it actually defies Muslim ethical values, which advocates hiring the person most capable. In a Jordanian survey, 87% of respondents want watsa eradicated. While we know that unemployment in the Arab region is widespread, we can assume that this motivates people to do anything they can to improve their chances of obtaining a job. However, the practice of watsa as a whole is actually degrading the economic systems in the Arab sates even further. The article explains the linkage between watsa and poor job performance, economic decline, and the festering of injustice and frustration among the masses in Arab countries.
  • micklethwait on 07 Oct 14
     
    This looks super interesting, but I can't get the link to open. Thanks for writing a thorough summary of it!
katelynklug

Lack of unity stalls Egypt's youth revolution - 0 views

www.aljazeera.com/...201321712247375525.html

Egypt youth activism leaders unity Morsi constitution

shared by katelynklug on 10 Oct 14 - No Cached
micklethwait liked it
  • the NF
    • katelynklug
      katelynklug on 10 Oct 14
       
      National Salvation Front group? Demands to Morsi that constitutional declaration be rescinded, that the referendum be called off, and that a new constituent assembly be formed.
  • ongoing protests
  • sceptical about including the youth of the Muslim Brotherhood
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • part of the current regime
  • "silly"
  • ke all groups in Egyptian society
  • belong to different parties and ideologies
  • how to move foward
  • more cautious approach
  • used more carefully
  • work more with the people
  • Protest movements alert society - they don't rebuild the country.
  • Abdel Fatah, Harb, and El Elaimy, who all support ongoing protests
  • street is always ahead of the SF
  • SF is not responding fast
  • should continue as long as we have a government that neglects people's demands
  • different from that of the youth
  • negotiates to reform the regime from inside
  • new regime
  • getting rid of the Muslim Brotherhood
  • youth leaders will lead most political parties in 2-3 years
  • rejectionist generation
  • raised to reject the Mubarak regime
  • political alternative
allieggg

What Happened to the Humanitarians Who Wanted to Save Libyans With Bombs and Drones? - ... - 0 views

firstlook.org/...nted-save-libyans-bombs-drones

humanitarian libya civil war politics US Intervention NATO revolution

shared by allieggg on 23 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • “Libya is a reminder that sometimes it is possible to use military tools to advance humanitarian causes.”
  • intervention was a matter of upholding “universal values,” which itself advanced America’s strategic goals. In justifying the war to Americans (more than a week after it started), President Obama decreed: “Some nations may be able to turn a blind eye to atrocities in other countries. The United States of America is different.”
  • But “turning a blind eye” to the ongoing – and now far worse – atrocities in Libya is exactly what the U.S., its war allies, and most of the humanitarian war advocates are now doing.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • “this was a rare military intervention for humanitarian reasons, and it has succeeded” and that “on rare occasions military force can advance human rights. Libya has so far been a model of such an intervention.”
  • But the most compelling reason to oppose such wars is that – even if it all could work perfectly in an ideal world and as tempting as it is to believe – humanitarianism is not what motivates the U.S. or most other governments to deploy its military in other nations.
  • As the country spun into chaos, violence, militia rule and anarchy as a direct result of the NATO intervention, they exhibited no interest whatsoever in doing anything to arrest or reverse that collapse. What happened to their deeply felt humanitarianism? Where did it go?
  • What’s most notable here isn’t how everything in Libya has gone so terribly and tragically wrong. That was painfully predictable: anyone paying even casual attention now knows that killing the Bad Dictator of the Moment (usually one the U.S. spent years supporting) achieves nothing good for the people of that country unless it’s backed by years of sustained support for rebuilding its civil institutions.
  • If there were any authenticity to the claimed humanitarianism, wouldn’t there be movements to spend large amounts of money not just to bomb Libya but also to stabilize and rebuild it? Wouldn’t there be just as much horror over the plight of Libyans now: when the needed solution is large-scale economic aid and assistance programs rather than drone deployments, blowing up buildings, and playful, sociopathic chuckling over how we came, conquered, and made The Villain die?
  • The way most war advocates instantly forgot Libya existed once that fun part was over is the strongest argument imaginable about what really motivates these actions. In the victory parade he threw for himself, Kristof said the question of “humanitarian intervention” will “arise again” and “the next time it does, let’s remember a lesson of Libya.”
  • allieggg on 23 Nov 14
     
    This article basically lays out the faults in US intervention in Libya during the fall of Gaddafi and condemns the US officials for their lack of hindsight in their agenda. The US claimed that they could not "turn a blind eye" to atrocities and human right violations in other countries and to intervene in Libya was a matter of upholding "universal values." After the successful ousting of Gaddafi, the US hypocritically turned their back on the country as a whole, leaving them to pick up the pieces and re-build themselves in the midst of socio-political and economic chaos. The US claims that military intervention is sometimes necessary to address human right violations, but in the case of Libya more violations have occurred as a result of a fallen regime rather than because of its reign. The author basically says that the US should have predicted that short-term intervention strategies achieves nothing without years of sustained support for rebuilding the civil institutions. 
nicolet1189

No LOL Matter: FBI Trolls Social Media for Would-Be Jihadis - NBC News.com - 1 views

www.nbcnews.com/...media-would-be-jihadis-n226841

FBI surveillance internet recruit jihad

shared by nicolet1189 on 19 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • conversation via Skype, a “trusted brother” who was actually an undercover FBI employee, “told Basit that he could help get him inside Al-Nusra. …
  • updating techniques it has used since the early days of the Internet to engage the enemy on services such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube.
  • arrested and charged the next day with supporting a foreign terrorist organization.
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • Sheikh’s case and several other recent terrorism prosecutions shed light on the growing importance of social media in the battles unfolding in Syria and Iraq -- both as a recruiting tool for Islamic terrorist groups like ISIS and the Al-Nusra Front, and as a means for the FBI to pre-emptively nab the would-be jihadis.
  • raises questions about the FBI’s conduct in attempting to head off terrorist recruits and whether they incited them to actions they wouldn’t have otherwise taken.
  • using fake social media identities to engage them
  • catfishing” by luring him into a personal relationship with a phony online persona.
  • During the investigation, the FBI published a webpage that purported to recruit individuals to travel to Syria and join Jabhat al-Nusra (
  • posed as a Syrian nurse and "used a Facebook page which promoted the ideology of Islamic extremism" to contact the suspect,
  • been able to expand their reach far beyond the traditional jihadi recruitment pool to a much wider audience -- including English-speaking Western nationals."
  • FBI at times goes too far to reel in American Muslims, most of them young, who are sympathetic to the Islamic extremist cause.
  • her client is “a lonely, mentally ill young man with a tremendous desire to be liked,” which made him susceptible to a paid FBI informant’s online encouragement.
  • Suspects began posting on Facebook or other social media expressing support for or seeking contact with one of the Islamic groups fighting in Iraq and Syria and were then engaged by informants or undercover FBI agents.
  • social media counterterrorism operations,
  • 'Don't go there in any way, don't go there in thought or expression, don't even toy with the idea of becoming foreign fighters.'"
  • eventually agreed to join Al-Nusra, purchased a plane ticket to Beirut and prepared for his journey to jihad
  • informant, however, suggested that Sheikh instead join the Al-Nusra Front, an al Qaeda affiliate t
  • provided Sheikh with contact information for a supposed Al-Nusra agent.
  • could help get him inside
  • face up to 15 years in prison and fines of $250,000 if they are convicted
  • sending a message to potential terrorist recruits is indeed important.
  • defense attorneys in all four cases may argue that the FBI actions amounted to entrapment -- the act of tricking someone into committing a crime so that they can be arrested
  • making examples of individuals
  • sought to make contact with al Qaeda officials on Facebook and other social media, but instead drew the attention of an undercover FBI agent who presented himself as a recruiter for the terrorist group.
  • "ISIS recruits are more likely to reach out in the online universe seeking advice on how to reach the land of jihad than to consult the guidance of a traditional cleric or local community leader
  • that universe and creating honeypots to draw in and capture potential ISIS recruits, they can help sow doubts in the minds of would-be jihadists in the overall reliability of the Internet as a medium for recruit
  • Justice Department plans to review federal law enforcement practices on creating fake Facebook pages in light of an incident,
  • nicolet1189 on 19 Nov 14
     
    This article discusses the strategies of the FBI in trying to arrest potential jihad recruits. The article discusses several cases of individuals arrested for attempting to join ISIS and the implications involving each case.
nicolet1189

ISIS Tactics Illustrate Social Media's New Place In Modern War | TechCrunch - 0 views

techcrunch.com/...medias-new-place-in-modern-war

Isis media journalism Twitter hashtag

shared by nicolet1189 on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • modern warfare, where online propaganda plays a central role.
  • ISIS makes use of its decentralized structur
  • propaganda tools is an app called “The Dawn of Glad Tidings,”
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • users consent to allowing ISIS to post to their social-media accounts. To avoid Twitter’s spam-detection algorithms, Berger noted, the app even spaces out its posts.
  • 27,000 Twitter accounts that mentioned the ISIS positively.
  • 40,000 tweets in a single day,
  • 700,000 accounts discussed the terrorist group.
  • ISIS tries to get its content to trend globally.
  • using a #worldcup2014
  • “When an account gets shut down, a new one is immediately created, and they use other guys to promote the [new] account,” Truvé tells me. “It’s kind of a whack-a-mole thing.”
  • “The volume of those tweets was enough to make any search for ‘Baghdad’ on Twitter generate the image among its first results,” Berger noted, “which is certainly one means of intimidating the city’s residents.”
  • , propaganda has one crucial deficiency: It’s not the truth.
  • nicolet1189 on 05 Nov 14
     
    Author Jillian Melchoir relates recent participation in groups like ISIS as spawning a new type of modern warfare. Melchoir continues, describing ISIS's presence on Twitter where they regularly get their content to trend globally for example hijacking popular hasthags like #worldcup2014.
micklethwait

Diigo Web Highlighter and Bookmark for Chrome | Diigo - 0 views

www.diigo.com/...chrome_extension

diigo chrome extension social bookmarking CULF 3331

shared by micklethwait on 28 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • Share to Twitter, Facebook, Google Buzz, Email.
    • micklethwait
      micklethwait on 28 Jan 16
       
      Really, get this plug-in. It will make this assignment so much easier for you.
  • micklethwait on 28 Jan 16
     
    This link will take you to a page from which you can add a Chrome extension to make social bookmarking easier. You can search for other add-ons and plug-ins for different browsers.
mportie

Forget China: Iran's Hackers Are America's Newest Cyber Threat - 0 views

foreignpolicy.com/...e-americas-newest-cyber-threat

Iran US cyber computer intelligence

shared by mportie on 23 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • rlindse3 on 23 Feb 15
     
    Iran now has a Supreme Council of Cyberspace and is quickly developing it to become a powerful tool. Even though they aren't quite in the same league as the U.S. or China, they impose a threat big enough to worry about other than China.
  • mportie on 17 Feb 16
     
    Iran's cyber potential has reached levels to match the US. Not only does Iran run a strong defense, monitoring its people's access to the internet but it also has a strong offense, as evidenced by an attack on Saudi Arabia. Iran is not afraid to boast and toss threats at the US either, this has US intelligence officials prudent and wary.
aacosta8

Impact of Social Media on Global Awareness - 0 views

jmsc.hku.hk/...INYT-Writing-Comp-2013-PDF.pdf

social media globalization Syria

shared by aacosta8 on 04 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • aacosta8 on 04 Mar 16
     
    In today's globalizing world, we are increasingly bombarded with a myriad of social media tools: Facebook, Youtube, Twitter, Weibo, Tumblr, Google Plus, Instagram, blogs, forums, to name but a few. Social media has indeed made a profound impact on our personal lives that enables us to be closely interconnected in a "global village". From the use of chemical weapons in Syria to the launch of iPhone 5s , we can always keep abreast with up to the minute news from around the world via different kinds of social media
aacosta8

Social Media Sparked, Accelerated Egypt's Revolutionary Fire - 0 views

www.wired.com/...egypts-revolutionary-fire

Egypt social media revolutions

shared by aacosta8 on 04 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • aacosta8 on 04 Mar 16
     
    If three decades of violent repression and despotic rule were kindling for the Egyptian revolution, social media was both a spark and an accelerant for the movement. Did social media like Facebook and Twitter cause the revolution? No. But these tools did speed up the process by helping to organize the revolutionaries, transmit their message...
mportie

The Iranian-Saudi Conflict and Its Cyber Outlet - 1 views

www.recordedfuture.com/iranian-saudi-cyber-conflict

Iran Saudi Arabia Yemen hack cyber government

shared by mportie on 02 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • mportie on 02 Mar 16
     
    Iran and Saudi Arabia have a long standing history of conflict that continues to this day. As the conflict continues cyber crime is becoming a regular tool for Iran to employ. Saudi Arabia also engages in cyber attacks but not as frequent as Iran. In addition a Yemen Cyber group, that has engaged in cyber crime, is believed to have direct ties to the Iran State.
blantonjack

CSI: ISIS -- Terror group launches forensics division | Fox News - 0 views

www.foxnews.com/...unches-forensics-division.html

Syria ISIS Technology war

shared by blantonjack on 05 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • blantonjack on 05 Apr 16
     
    Islamic State's information office in Iraq released a slick pictorial report on Saturday showcasing an advanced new tool acquired by the so-called caliphate: Fingerprinting. The Muslim extremist group announced it had acquired microscopes and magnifying glasses and was in the process of recruiting forensics-minded foreign fighters, according to the MEMRI Jihadism and Terror Threat Monitor website. ISIS wants to show that they are a sophisticated unit, and not just a war minded group.
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