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This growing cyber force posses a threat on global critical infrastructures. "Critical infrastructures include computer networks that control such sectors as finance, transportation, water, public health, security, telecommunications, and electrical."

Iran is building cyber warfare capabilities to conduct and handle cyber attacks. Iran hackers were blamed for several serious cyber attacks.

Iran is building cyber warfare capabilities to conduct and handle cyber attacks. Iran hackers were blamed for several serious cyber attacks.

Israel is one of Iran's prime targets of cyber attacks and espionage. State officials, generals, scientists, activists, those involved in large financial institutions are all victim to mass Iranian cyber tactics, such as phishing via e-mail, fake websites and links, and spyware sent through e-mail. Although Israel is second in the world in cyber-security, right after the US, the rate of cyber-attacks is accelerating higher than investment into cyber-security.

After an international agreement involving Iran the nature of their cyber program has shifted. The change was from flagrant cyber attacks to cripple other nations and business' computer networks to cyber espionage, focusing on infiltrating and accessing documents relevant to Iran. Due to the softer nature it is harder for nations to respond with retaliation or outrage to Iran's cyber offensive.

Iran and Saudi Arabia have a long standing history of conflict that continues to this day. As the conflict continues cyber crime is becoming a regular tool for Iran to employ. Saudi Arabia also engages in cyber attacks but not as frequent as Iran. In addition a Yemen Cyber group, that has engaged in cyber crime, is believed to have direct ties to the Iran State.

Iran and Saudi Arabia are suspected to go head to head in cyber warfare. Wikileaks revealed information that people put on edge in regards to Saudi Arabia and Iran.

Iran and Saudi Arabia, regional rivals in the Middle East, are involved in a cyber conflict. The nations use cyber attacks to release or leak critical intelligence to affect the outcomes of ongoing military conflicts in the region.

Iran is developing a new cyberstrategy to protect against the intrusion of important government programs, and to oppose any anti-iranian cyber warfare and fight back. Under their new strategy they have already launched attacks on Saudi Arabia and companies in the U.S. such as Bank of America and Citigroup which gives the U.S. reason to concern on Iran's cyber warfare development.

A report releaser by the US called Operation Cleaver talks about the infiltrating power Iran's cyber warfare has. The biggest thing is that since cyber warfare doesn't require a large number of troops or bombs, Iran has negotiating power by developing a system that may be as big as China's.

This article provides an assessment of Iran's cyber warfare threat, ranking it as top 5 in the world. It also highlights the increased focus on higher education to provide engineers and computer scientists to help fuel the new cyber division in the military.

"Casualities" in cyber warfare are piling up, industries such as banks and telecommunications industries are suffering greatly. The white house is attempting to step in to halt these cyber attacks.

The Obama administration continued cyber warfare initiatives against Iran, originally developed by the Bush administration. The cyber-weapon, dubbed Stuxnet, was co-developed by America and Israel in efforts to thwart Iranian nuclear plans. Although initially effective in its goal to confuse Iran, the cyber weapon has only created a cyber warfare in which Iran learned from the attack and has launched its own cyber weapon.

One of the ways terrorism is flourishing is through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in an online world where 196 countries are connected to the Internet. It should not be surprising that terrorists use ICT, because firstly it is difficult to track and trace cyber communications, and secondly there is a lack of a globally accepted legal framework that would improve information security.

Major Nation-States are developing new policy and protocol for contingent cyber activities. For Iran having the new nuclear deal put through, it allows Iran to re-enter the global economy, this places focus on their ability to compete, and their cyber-espionage will shift focus towards financial institutions of the world. The bottom line is all States and businesses are transitioning to a more cyber-conscious world where the internet is a prime target of infrastructure.

Cadelle and Chafer, the name of these groups, engage in cyber espionage using backdoors to target political activists and dissidents. These cyber groups have infiltrated over 100 systems of airlines, telecommunications and other organisations, mainly in the Middle East.

Iran's cyber aggression is more of a political ploy than military against the US. The cyber espionage targets institutions that may not have strategic value, but are well-known by the public for stronger media coverage to boost propaganda.

As Iran develops their cyber warfare tactics, Israel is looking to develop a "digital Iron dome" to combat against it. They believe they need to be on a superpower level as far as cyber space is concerned or else be vulnerable to Iranian attacks.

The group displayed its tech expertise when it hacked an ISIS-posted audio message. The Egyptian Cyber Army then changed the audio, its transcript, and left behind an insignia that resembled that of the Egyptian military's. Some believe that the Egyptian Cyber Army is an independent entity, and it borrows inspiration from the 'hacktivist' Syrian Electronic Army outfit, Mashable reported.

The article talks about the buzz and and misusage of the word "cyber" by media. There are distinctions of the different actions denoted with "cyber', such as the difference between cyber-war and cyber-crime.

Nuclear negotiations between the US and Iran, involving the lightening of trade sanctions, hope to alleviate the quiet cyber war ongoing between the two nations. Many intelligence officials believe that espionage by both countries will continue to persist however they hope that flagrant cyber attacks will decline.

On the prism of democracy, Kenya and Egypt are light-years apart, but cyber-activists and sections of Kenya's political class are drawing false parallels between the two and nudging for protests in Kenya.Kenya's cyber-space reveals fragments of the country's activists and political class are pondering using social media to emulate the Egyptian-style protest perhaps to coincide with the third anniversary of the 2008 post-election mayhem.

I found this article from 2015 to still be very relevant considering President Obama's speech and a recent push by university/techs to communicate regarding the exact threat of ISIS' cyberterrorism capabilities. The NSA reported that this means of war is parallel to that of the Cold War; leaving countries on edge since traditional human espionage is slowly becoming intertwined with "technical operations."