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speabodymn

Using Music in the Foreign Language Classroom | GradHacker - 11 views

  • By Natascha Chtena November 22, 2015 5 Comments   .blog-spacer { display: none; } @media (max-width: 420px) { .blog-spacer { display: block; height:1px; clear:both; } }   googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dfp-ad-story_level_pages"); }); Natascha Chtena is a PhD student in Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. You can follow her on Twitter @nataschachtena.       One of the challenges I face teaching a daily language class is finding novel and creative ways to maintain student interest throughout my lessons. One of my favorite teaching “tricks” is using music to motivate learning, improve concentration, create a sense of community and help my students absorb material.   Music is a wonderful tool to integrate into your teaching repertoire, especially if you are a foreign language teacher. It has a
  • The key is to not be too ambitious (unless of course you are teaching a language AND culture class) and to set realistic goals: one song one major point! I usually keep it to seven minutes max, which includes a song, a very short “lecture” and some time for student questions at the end.
  • where I asked students to compile a short (German) playlist that describes their personality, explaining what it is about each song that speaks to them and/or that they identify with.
    • murasimo
       
      I would like to try this activity.
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  • By Natascha Chtena November 22, 2015 5 Comments   .blog-spacer { display: none; } @media (max-width: 420px) { .blog-spacer { display: block; height:1px; clear:both; } }   googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dfp-ad-story_level_pages"); }); Natascha Chtena is a PhD student in Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. You can follow her on Twitter @nataschachtena.       One of the challenges I face teaching a daily language class is finding novel and creative ways to maintain student interest throughout my lessons. One of my favorite teaching “tricks” is using music to motivate learning, improve concentration, create a sense of community and help my students absorb material.   Mus
  • Music is a wonderful tool to integrate into your teaching repertoire, especially if you are a foreign language teacher. It has a way of capturing everything about a culture, its people and their language and it can inspire interest in a subject matter when other methods have failed. Not to mention that students love it and benefit from it intellectually and emotionally (even when they find your music taste questionable).
    • murasimo
       
      I use songs all the time and students love it. it is useful for grammar, vocabulary and culture. most of the time students start following on youtube the singer and present to class new songs from the same singer.
    • heidikreutzer
       
      My students (college level) really enjoy any music I bring into the classroom. Usually, I use it because it fits a grammar or vocabulary theme. I'd love to expand my use of music with my students.
    • vivianfranco
       
      My students also love to listen to songs in the target language. As you said, it is useful to work not only the language (grammar aspect) but also the cultural part. In my classes, I try to play 1 minute of music in Spanish before starting the class. They really enjoy it and even bring me more songs suggestions in the target language to play the next day.
    • pludek
       
      I like the idea of keeping the song length to a minimum. Sometimes the students get off task, especially if they don't like the song. Thanks for the idea! I love it when they tell me they've added the song to their own playlists!
    • speabodymn
       
      As a German instructor, I find music also is a great way to bring more traditional texts to life--lots of poems become more exciting to students when combined with a setting by Schubert or Strauss (for example), even if the student isn't initially interested in either poetry or classical music. (I have a video of Schubert/Goethe's "Erlkönig" that adds another dimension through a sort of cartoon horror-story video--so it's text plus music plus visuals.) With this much to discuss, it can easily fill half of a class session or provide the basis for a larger project. Still, I also like the shorter use of music as a way to add energy to many different topics without taking over the lesson.
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    "Music is a wonderful tool to integrate into your teaching repertoire, especially if you are a foreign language teacher."
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    This sounds fun! I would love to try it next year!
vallb001

New Tools for the Flipped School: Interactive Visual Media in Remote Learning - 4 views

  • This article focuses on the use, potential benefits, and best practices of interactive visual media in online education and remote learning. We will discuss: What are the main arguments for interactive visual media in online learning? What are some examples and best practices for creating visual learning materials for students? How can students use interactive visual media for documenting and sharing their learning?
  • Interactive images, videos, and virtual tours can support online learning by providing an alternative to text-based communication. Here are three arguments for why this is the case.
    • vallb001
       
      Agreed. I think we must keep in mind the Internet goes beyond text and video. If we use online tools just as we used books and VCRs in the bast, we are wasting the potential of the Internet.
  • Humans remember pictures better than words (the “picture superiority effect”)
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  • Multisensory experience triggers simultaneous associations.
  • Pictures, sounds, and words together with a contextual experience of a place can create memorable learning experiences more efficiently than plain images or written words alone that are not associated with anything real
  • Seeing a new word written under a picture and hearing how it is pronounced, helps us understand and remember what we are looking at.
  • Virtual tours expand our fields of perception from physical to digital.
  • We can remember and learn on a virtual field trip the same way as we learn on a physical field trip.
  • Interactive videos, audio posters, narrated screenshots, and virtual tours can be effective tools for online education that help educators and learners work together using not only text-based communication, but also voice, video, and images.
  • A great way for giving assignments or sharing projects is adding voice instructions to various areas of a photo, poster or a screenshot.
  • Equipment: The good news is, you only need your phone or laptop, so there is no need to invest in additional hardware unless you want to
  • Setup: A video lesson can be very similar to your lesson in the classroom.
  • Recording: Find a place with natural light where you feel comfortable, and start recording. The audience is your students so picture them in front of you, and address them as you would in the class. You may even mention some of them by name to keep their attention!
  • Duration: Our recommendation is you look at the lesson as a whole and divide it into parts, max 10-15 minutes and ideally 6 minutes each.
  • Examples and best practices for creating remote learning materials for students
  • 1. Explain visuals with text labels
  • 2. Explain abstract concepts with detailed descriptions
  • 3. Explain assignments using your voice
  • 4. Art history: Introduce a masterpiece
  • 5. Literature: Interpret a masterpiece
  • 6. Read to your students
  • 7. Learn vocabulary in new places
  • 8. Narrate your own virtual lesson
  • 9. Create a virtual field trip with assignment
  • 10. Ask students to narrate a virtual audio tour
  • Supporting student-centered learning with interactive visual media
  • Project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and problem-based learning are constructivist approaches to education that develop the learners skills for research, problem-solving and collaboration. The process is based on authentic questions and problems identified by students, and finding information and explanation models to research and solve them.
  • An important aspect of student-centered learning is documenting the various phases and aspects of the learning process.
  • The following examples will show how students can use mixed media for completing various kinds of creative assignments and sharing them with their teacher and fellow students.
  • In the following, we summarize 10 easy project ideas for remote learning that encourage students to 1) make handwritten, visual and pictorial notes, collages and artwork, and 2) enhance and explain their work using digital audio/text notes, photos and video. Each of the examples provide a mix of learning opportunities combining traditional student work in the classroom with digital storytelling at home. The projects can be shared to a learning management system or collaboration platform such as Canvas, Schoology, Google Education or Microsoft Teams.
  • 1. Make an interactive greeting card
  • 2. Create an interactive book report
  • 3. Make a vocabulary poster in a foreign language
  • 4. Introduce yourself
  • 5. Create an interactive herbarium
  • 6. Make your own comic strips
  • 7. Create an interactive timeline
  • 8. Explain details of a painting
  • 9. Create an interactive map
  • 10. Build a diorama
  • Hotspots, what are they and how do they work? The purpose of the clickable hotspots is to give the viewer further information and resources on the topic they are learning about. Teachers and students can add various types of content in the hotspots, such as text, additional closeup images, video, sound, links and embedded web content such as maps or forms. These resources can serve any of the following functions: Building perspective by linking to related materials Improving comprehension of the topic by highlighting key concepts and vocabulary Zooming into details in a scene Creating a feedback loop by including a call to action
    • pamh6832
       
      These would be very helpful in a flipped classroom or with distance teaching.
  • Examples and best practices for creating remote learning materials for students
  • Examples and best practices for creating remote learning materials for students
  • Examples and best practices for creating remote learning materials for students
  • Best practices for developing students' creativity and digital storytelling skills at home
  • School teachers
  • School teachers
    • pamh6832
       
      10 creative ideas for students to use ThingLink while remote learning and in traditional classroom. I could see doing #3 (vocabulary poster) and #4 (introduce yourself) during first quarter.
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    An article written by the founder and CEO of ThingLink in which she discusses the main arguments for interactive visual media in online learning, examples and best practices for creating visual learning materials for students, and ways students can use interactive visual media (ThingLink) to document and share their learning. She shares numerous ways teachers and students could use ThingLink with examples.
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    I have been thinking of what makes Thinglink different from the Microsoft Power Point? PPT also enables you to add recording on a slide. Later, I realized that Thinglink enables multiple layers to one picture/screen. Users can opt to access to other media or information when necessary. It would be useful to provide scaffolding only when it is necessary (e.g., students click links to get hint only when they cannot complete the task by themselves). Thinglink also condense information within one page/slide/screen without having to scroll down. However, we may be economical when we decide how many links we want to put on one screen.
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    Whether we like it or not, it looks like we're going to consider some of this information in the upcoming school year. As I browsed the article, I realize options are almost unlimited but of course it requires time to figure out and prepare materials. Last spring I felt a bit like a Youtuber and I see how that is not actually an easy job!
  •  
    An article written by the founder and CEO of ThingLink in which she discusses the main arguments for interactive visual media in online learning, examples and best practices for creating visual learning materials for students, and ways students can use interactive visual media (ThingLink) to document and share their learning. She shares numerous ways teachers and students could use ThingLink with examples.
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    A very complete article about the advantages of using images and learning. I really want to learn how to use thinglink now.
cnming

30 creative ways to use Padlet for teachers and students - BookWidgets - 9 views

  • Let your students answer some important exit ticket questions like “what did you learn today?”, “What didn’t you understand?” or “What questions do you still have?”.It gets better…Here are some other exit ticket promts your students could answer: Write down three things you learned today. If you had to explain today’s lesson to a friend, what would you tell him/her? What question do you have about what we learned today? What part of the lesson did you find most difficult? What would you like me to go over again next lesson? Write down two questions you would put in a quiz about today’s lesson. What were the main points we covered today? Did the group activity contribute to your understanding of the topic? Why? Read this problem … What would be your first step in solving it? I used app X extensively today. Was it helpful? Why or why not?
  • Complete the storyCreate a story and ask students how it should continue. Students can post their ideas on the Padlet. Finally, take some of your students' ideas and complete the story. You’ll have some funny stories!
  • What is Padlet?
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  • Padlet can be used by students and by teachers. With padlet you can create an online post-it board that you can share with any student or teacher you want. Just give them the unique Padlet link. Padlet allows you to insert ideas anonymously or with your name. It’s easy to use and very handy.
  • Whoever has the Padlet board opened on his smartphone or computer, can see what’s on it and what everyone is writing. Students just have to take a device and start adding little sticky notes online. They can see all the ideas gathered on the teacher board immediately.
    • pamh6832
       
      Clear description of what Padlet is and how to use it.
  • Sharing a Padlet board is easy; choose for a QR code or a link.
  • Let your students insert the link in the browser or in the Padlet app. They can ‘continue as guest’ so they just have to scan the qr code with the Padlet app or type in the URL, without creating an account. Shortly after, they will be directed to your first Padlet board.
  • How to post things on Padlet? Well, there are a few ways to do this: double click anywhere on the board; drag files in; paste from clipboard; save as bookmark with Padlet mini; or just click the ‘+’ button in the lower right corner.
  • 2. Live question bank Let your students ask questions during the lesson. It’s very handy when students don’t understand something or need a better explanation. Stop your lesson 10 minutes early and go over the questions. This way students who are afraid to ask questions can still ask their questions anonymously. It gives a voice to every student in the room, even to the shy ones.
    • pamh6832
       
      A good way to help ensure student engagement and comprehension. Similar to the "Chat" feature on Zoom.
  • 14. Prior knowledge Try to figure out what students already know about the topic you’re about to teach. What prior knowledge do your students have about that particular topic and what don’t they know? Students just post their knowledge on Padlet, so you can see how to build your lesson.
    • pamh6832
       
      For reviewing previous year information. Always important, but perhaps even more so after Spring 2020 and distance learning.
  • 23. Geocaching For physical exercises, students have to go walking more. Let you students do some geocaching and let them post pictures of themselves and the treasure to the Padlet board. It will encourage the others to find the treasures as well.
  • Online student portfolio
    • cnming
       
      I am going to try this in my language classes.
  • Complete the story Create a story and ask students how it should continue. Students can post their ideas on the Padlet. Finally, take some of your students' ideas and complete the story. You’ll have some funny stories!
    • cnming
       
      Great idea!
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    This posting provides MULTIPLE ways to use Padlet. I found those activities that allow live interaction to be very interesting.
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    I think this would be good to use for collecting research or as a place to post class questions
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    I love the idea of using padlet for exit ticket questions!
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    I really like padlet as a survey tool or an exit pass type of activity
Diane Nordin

How to teach a young introvert | ideas.ted.com - 4 views

    • Alyssa Ruesch
       
      Apps to participate through electronic devices: Socrative, Kahoot, NearPod, TodaysMeet
    • Marlene Johnshoy
       
      Plickers might be interesting for quick multiple choice responses.
  • giving them opportunities to contribute to a class blog or something where their classmates will get to see their hearts and minds in this other forum. I think that really opens things up.
  • But Cain particularly feels for one group of introverts: the quiet kids in a classroom.
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  • Our most important institutions, like schools and workplaces, are designed for extroverts,
  • why is it that kids who prefer to go off by themselves or to work alone are seen as outliers?
  • How about the very definition of “class participation?”
  • how best to cultivate the talent of those students.
  • a student who has one or two or three friends, and prefers to go deep with their friendships instead of being one of a big gang, there’s nothing wrong with that at all, in terms of it being a predictor for adulthood.
  • If the kid is perfectly happy the way they are, they need to get the message that the way they are is cool.
  • make sure to build quiet time into the school day, especially when kids are younger. Have 15 minutes set aside every day where the students just read.
  • maximize choice.
  • less group work in general.
  • do more work in pairs, which is a way that both introverts and extroverts can thrive.
  • challenge teachers to rethink what they mean by class participation and start thinking of it as classroom engagement instead.
  • account the research of Anders Ericsson, who invented the concept of “deliberate practice.”
  • tools that allow students to participate through their electronic devices as opposed to raising their hand.
  • Apps that allow students to contribute to class discussions, sometimes anonymously and sometimes not.
    • Diane Nordin
       
      I agree this statement of "Number one would be to make sure to build quiet time into the school day, especially when kids are younger. Have 15 minutes set aside every day where the students just read." Question: As a classroom teacher, I am with my students 42 minutes per day, how can I take almost half of this time for reading? Shouldn't this issue be addressed as a whole school wide??
    • Alyssa Ruesch
       
      I agree with you Diane - that would be way too much time for reading in just your class. In some classes, I do a 5 - 10 minute "free-writing" exercise that is individual. It seems like you'd need to scale the time so that it's appropriate for your class. 
  • A lot of students who might be reticent at first will feel emboldened by having first discussed it with a partner.
    • Diane Nordin
       
      Think-Pair-Share
  • Small-scale socializing. Socializing in pairs and small groups.
    • Diane Nordin
       
      My groups are mostly formed in 3 to 4 students, so it is easier to form a think-pair-share and compare best answer for their group.
  • e introverts of the world. In th
  •  
    Wow, just imagine how much calmer the world could be if classrooms were set up to allow for multiple temperaments as well as learning styles?! Also, the think-pair-share concept is fantastic; I've been using the "alone-paired-large group" sequence for language learners in groups since I got my CELTA certification and it's been hugely successful. Nobody wants to be wrong in public, and when learners have a chance to discuss it with a partner first, they are more likely to share their ideas.
cbbbcb

Authentic Activities for the World Language Classroom | Edutopia - 27 views

  • Encourage students to have silent conversations using Google Docs. Choose a theme and have each student select a color for their responses. Make sure they share the document with you too, so that you can monitor and comment.
    • effeinstein
       
      I love this idea of using google docs for interpretive activities
  • In order to help students better master the units we teach, remember these rules when selecting activities:They must be authentic. They should always be engaging. Activities should be varied. They need to be focused on the unit theme. Perhaps most importantly, they should force students to use the target language.
    • effeinstein
       
      Important to remember!
    • leahmyott
       
      This reminds me of the assessment class I took at CARLA where I learned about the importance of using authentic materials to help boost student engagement and language learning.
  • f we make activities genuine, our students will be much more inclined to participate, acquiring new knowledge in the process.
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  • Show videos on Yabla
    • cbbbcb
       
      I just heard about FluentU. How is Yabla different from FluentU?
  • authenticity
    • cbbbcb
       
      I think authenticity refers to authentic materials and authentic tasks. What are real things native speakers would do?
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    This looks like a good resource for new classroom activities for any language.
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    I am very interested in creating comics, I will use this in class: https://itunes.apple.com/ca/app/strip-designer/id314780738?mt=8 Thank you a lot for the great ideas. May George, Group C.
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    This site has some awesome ideas! I can't wait to start planning for the upcoming school year!
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    Amazing blog! I really like the explanation they provide for authenticity since it is not just decoration of the classroom with the cultural aspects of the target language. I will be using some of the activities they suggest :-)
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    This great. I am not comfortable with the modes. This blog will help me to associate the modes with activities which will be more meaningful for me.
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    Always good to have a list like this on hand! I also like the breakdown by modes.
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    Thanks for sharing. I bookmarked it.
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    Looks like a great list!
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    This is such a valuable resource. While it felt validating to see some of the activities that I already use on these lists, they also gave me new ideas to try for next semester. I am sure students will appreciate the variety.
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    I have used both Veinte Mundos and Paperboy--Wondering if I can use EdPuzzle/ Playposit, or Diigo with these-- I think that will help with greater student engagement and my ability to track what they are 'doing' with these resources-- It is not enough to assign them to watch/ read, I need to provide the activity to accompany it.
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    this one is a keeper.
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    If a tech device is not available for all students in class, you can do silent talk using a pen and paper. I used to call this activity "Pencil Talk"
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    This seems like an excellent article/suggestion. I really enjoy using Google Docs and am excited to look into that.
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    I, too, was planning to bookmark this piece. I appreciated that it was organized by the different modes.
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    Focusing on authenticity makes students more inclined to participate. In addition, activities should be engaging, varied, focused on the unit theme and force students to use the target language. This article has suggestions for engaging activities for the interpretive, interpersonal and presentational mode. Many of these activities use technology, and the author provides links to the apps. A very useful and quick read.
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    I really like the idea of doing an email activity with my students! Thank you for posting this article! Great ideas!
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    Now I have another question: what role does a textbook play in our instruction? Do we need to get rid of materials written for language learners?
Marlene Johnshoy

Free Virtual Classroom Premium Membership for Academicians on WizIQ - 1 views

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    Sign-up for the 30-day, but a year - free! Here's info I got in an email notification: We are glad to announce a free WizIQ individual membership for K-12 and College teachers. To be eligible for this offer, teachers need email addresses associated with their educational institutes (e.g., aprofessor@college.edu or ateacher@adistrict.k12.ma.us.) If you are a teacher from K12 or a College, apply and claim your free membership by following the steps below: Steps to get free WizIQ membership: 1.Sign up for a 30-day trial by clicking on the 'Apply now' button below 2. Verify your email address from your email inbox 3. You'll receive a confirmation email from us once your free membership is approved Apply now  WizIQ's free teacher accounts give educators at accredited institutions access to a range of teaching tools. To many educators, the virtual classroom for which WizIQ is best known only means live classes, which they might not need considering they see their students in person every day. But with the WizIQ Virtual Classroom teachers can also: Offer online courses for their school Run virtual office hours and homework help Run summer school online to address transportation and facilities issues Give AP students a jumpstart with virtual summer class sessions Let athletes or homebound students work with their classes, live, even if they can't be there Easily set up classes - without IT help Bring subject matter experts into their classrooms virtually Support group and project-based learning Engage hard-to-reach parents with: Virtual parents' nights Virtual conferences Adult education and community outreach Virtual math and literacy nights Broadcast live school committee meetings on the web Record lectures or flip their classrooms Conduct virtual field trips Run professional development when and where staff are available Share teaching resources among schools Teachers can take full advantage of every WizIQ feature, including screen-sharing, polling, video-confe
hharb01

WhatsApp in the classroom to foster listening and speaking | TeachingEnglish | British... - 7 views

  • mobile technology can help teachers to find new ways to improve students’ language/content learning.
    • hharb01
       
      Ask school to supply a phone and apps installed to overcome giving your personal phone number to students.
    • norikofujiokaito
       
      Some of my students use LINE (similar to WhatsApp) to talk with their conversation partners in Japan to practice Japanese and learn about Japanese culture. Mobile phones play a great role in foreign language courses now.
  • WhatsApp in your classroom with the purpose of improving students’ oral skills.
    • hharb01
       
      Mainly for speaking and writing, can be used for both representational and interpretive modes.
  • Mobile Phone Operator they contacted offered them a cheaper phone rate than the one they had. We could say they killed two birds with one stone.
    • hharb01
       
      Ask Principal about the likelihood of going this route.
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  • allow their use with a clear pedagogical use and under the supervision of a teacher
    • hharb01
       
      check cell phone use policy and advocate for pedagogical use.
  • assessed
    • hharb01
       
      be clear with deadlines assessment what they have to do
  • describe the project
  • WhatsApp recordings of presentations should be just another tool
    • hharb01
       
      One app to be used and not the only one
  • engaged very easily and they enjoy listening to each other’s presentations
  • overcome their anxiety by being able to prepare an audio file on their own
  • very useful with large classrooms
  •   Assign each student a topic
  • Hand out a task to each of the students
  • Tell students the deadline
  • Share the assessment criteria
  • on-line pronouncing dictionaries
    • hharb01
       
      Find online dictionaries with speech tools.
  • listen to them and mark them according to the assessmen
  •  Prepare a handout for students with a list of questions
  • let them listen to all students' recordings and ask them to answer the questions in the handout
  • need of a good Internet connection
  • will help students who feel anxious in public to relax and it will also create an atmosphere of concentration which is key to effective listening
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    Examples on how to use Whatsapp in the language classroom
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    with highlights and sticky notes
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    The use of Whatsapp in the language classroom to promote conversation in the target language
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    This one worked! and I can see your highlights! =)
Marlene Johnshoy

Online Peer Feedback in Beginners' Writing Tasks: Lessons Learned | IALLT - 1 views

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    Abstract This study contributes to the body of research that aims to understand the relationship between online communication and foreign language (FL) learning, in particular when teachers seek to provide authentic opportunities for interaction for their learners. The study was motivated by efforts made in the New Zealand context to overcome the geographic limitations of interaction between FL learners and native speakers. We report on the findings of an exploratory study into an online reciprocal peer tutoring program established to enhance the FL learning of a group of beginner eleven-year old students of Spanish, with particular focus on the benefits of written corrective feedback. The project aimed to examine the processes by which students tutored each other in the online environment as they responded to each other's texts. The analysis of the students' messages focused on (1) the aspects of language corrected by the tutors, (2) the frequency with which tutors accurately identified and provided input on errors, (3) the types of feedback provided by the tutors, and (4) what the learners did with the corrections and feedback. The findings indicate that the students were willing to contribute to peer correction and used different strategies and correction techniques to foster attention to linguistic form, although they were not always capable of providing accurate feedback or metalinguistic explanations.
ncsargo

Skype and Skype in the Classroom: Options for Language Teaching and Learning - 4 views

  • Skype in the classroom Skype in the classroom, launched in March 2011, is a website especially designed for educational purposes. It is a platform where teachers and students can disseminate information about their classes, share educational resources, and find partners to start classroom projects.
  • Language teachers and learners may find the “Languages” category especially useful because they can search for Skype language lessons that meet their needs (see Figure 4 for some examples of Skype language lessons). These lessons provide opportunities for learning another language or practicing language via language exchanges.
  • Language teachers and learners can enroll in any language lesson according to their needs and interests
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    • ncsargo
       
      This seems like a great way to expand your PLN and collaborate with other language teachers
  • advanced features, such as group video calls, require users to pay a fee and upgrade to a premium account to get the service. Calling fees vary depending on the countries the user calls and the amount of time spent on calls. Subscribing to a premium account, which will allow users to use services such as group video chats, currently costs US$59.88 for 12 months. US$4.99 per month is not very expensive.
    • ncsargo
       
      There is a cost for premium features.
  • Limitations Although Skype and Skype in the classroom provide an intriguing option for language teaching and learning, there are some limitations as well. First, there are minimum download/upload speeds required for using Skype. For example, video calling and screen sharing require 128kbps/128kbps as the minimum download/upload speed; group video calling requires 4Mbps/128kbps as the minimum download/upload speed. Therefore, Skype users need to check whether their Internet connection meets such requirements to avoid video and audio lag during Skype lessons.
    • ncsargo
       
      It is important to keep these limitations in line for any web based interpersonal activity.
  • Second, Skype and Skype in the classroom promote authentic learning. According to Lombardi (2007), authentic learning emphasizes “real-world, complex problems and their solutions, using role-playing exercises, problem-based activities, case studies, and participation in a virtual community of practice” (p.2). Thus, authentic learning happens as learners participate in real-world relevant tasks that require their judgment to distinguish information, patience to participate, ability to adapt themselves to unfamiliar contexts, and flexibility to work with people from different cultures. In this view, Skype and Skype in the classroom allow language teachers and learners to participate in a context of authentic learning.
    • ncsargo
       
      As we saw in our synchronous class session Skype just like Adobe Connect can be used to deal with problem-based activities.  Through creating contexts in which certain language is required we can simulate an immersion environment for students online.
  • The ACTIONS model, proposed by Bates (1995), is a practical guide for educators and policymakers to select and evaluate the use of technologies for teaching and learning. The ACTIONS model involves the following criteria: Access: How accessible is a particular technology for learners? Costs: What is the cost structure of a particular technology? Teaching and learning: How does a particular technology support teaching and learning? Interactivity and user-friendliness: How does a particular technology facilitate interaction among learners? How easy is a particular technology to use? Organizational issues: Are any class organizational changes needed? Novelty: How new is this particular technology? Speed: How quickly can courses be taught and learned via this particular technology?
Marlene Johnshoy

Why Ed Tech Is Not Transforming How Teachers Teach - Education Week - 5 views

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    Discussion on how technology is being used and why we're still struggling to give more control of learning to students. A good read!
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  •  
    Such an important article. I'd seen it - but not read the whole thing. It's so tru: changing everything, even when you're committed, takes a ton of work!
  •  
    "A 2014 paper by researchers at Michigan State University, in East Lansing, provides a tangible example: Teachers and students in the small-scale study were found to be making extensive use of the online word-processing tool Google Docs. The application's power to support collaborative writing and in-depth feedback, however, was not being realized. Teachers were not encouraging group-writing assignments and their feedback focused overwhelmingly on issues such as spelling and grammar, rather than content and organization." This really gets to the heart of the idea of combining education and technology: the technology has to serve the goal and it doesn't sound like the teachers' goals were the same as the stated goals of the assignment. So obviously Google Docs is a fantastic tool, but it has to be utilized appropriately for it to be effective.
  •  
    I must say I have sat through many workshops in my tenure at my university that included the modification of some practices and even included, to my frustration, the basic structure of a lesson from stating outcomes to assessment. The problem with our particular situation is that usually it is directed to a "one-size-fits-all" use of a given technology that may not apply to many disciplines. I have found them somewhat useful for upper-level courses at times, but the language classes often pose the need for a kind of collaboration and interpersonal technology that isn't presented. Hence my desire to take this course. Another difficulty is the overwhelming number of technological applications presented--I can't tell you how many--and the students really become overwhelmed, since they often have to learn new technologies in almost many courses. Some work and some don't, and since they are the guinea pigs and there are no guarantees that everything will work as planned, and given the astounding changes in tech, the newness never seems to end, neither for the student nor the teacher. So focusing on just 1 or 2 to begin with seems like the only way to deal with it. Finally, I think that, at least in our university, the huge courses found often in the sciences reflect the slowness to adopt meaningful change. Many in these disciplines have simply used the tech to deliver more lectures on topics students must memorize, perhaps adding clickers for comprehension checks. There seems to be a great disconnect between what happens in the classroom and the amazing advances in tech they have made for their hands-on work--labs, collaborative work, etc.
christasgould

25 Strategies to Engage Students on Your Next Zoom Meeting | Hooked On Innovation - 15 views

  • A fun non-tech game to play is “Who’s who?”.  In this game, students privately message the teacher some facts about themselves and then the teacher reveals the clues. Students then write down their guesses as to who the person is based on the clues.
    • christasgould
       
      This could be a really fun way to build community during the first half of the semester on Zoom, if you are using it. It would be interesting to also do the Zoom poll option and give students a few options. They select the classmate that they think wrote the information.
  • Using the Flippity.net BINGO tool,
    • christasgould
       
      Has anyone tried Flippity.net?
  • Taking breaks throughout a lengthy lesson are important whether it be for a reflective pause or just an opportunity to stretch.
    • christasgould
       
      With "Zoom fatigue," it seems that brain breaks might be more essential than ever! Any good ideas out there for break breaks students can do remotely?
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  • use a shared collaborative space like a Padlet
    • christasgould
       
      Great idea. In another class I'm currently taking synchronously, we did some brainstorming on Padlet during our Zoom session. Will definitely be replicating it in my classes this fall.
  •  
    So many great ideas in this article. I hope I will get to use more this coming semester - Padlet, for instance.
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  •  
    I love these ideas, and I agree that they are a great way to build community and have a little fun. I will particularly look forward to using the story progression idea, I think it would be a lot of fun with intermediate level students.
  •  
    I also love these ideas and think they are a great way to build community. From the more basic, such as "Use the whiteboard feature" and "Create breakout rooms for collaboration" (I was wondering how to do that!) to the more creative and fun like having students go on a scavenger hunt or any of the many games the author describes... there are lots of great ideas. Many could even be adapted for lower level students.
  •  
    Thanks for sharing this article with so many great ideas to create more opportunities for student interaction and community building. I will try Flippitty.net to create theme based BINGO games (numbers, colors, vegetables, fruits etc)
  •  
    I really enjoyed this article - lots of great ideas to use in the ZOOM classes. The one was discussed in the FaceBook ASL Teachers Share - a scavenger hunt. I going to implement some of the ideas. I actualy had to copy and save this article in a file. Amazing ideas. Thanks for posting!
  •  
    It's the perfect time for these tips! I wanted to try the breakout rooms last spring but had some technical issues and couldn't do it. I love the "I spy" and "Scavenger Hunt" ideas and many others. Thanks for sharing!
  •  
    So many ways to engage students in virtual classes. Great ideas!
  •  
    I attended a webinar and the presenter emphasized taking breaks. I must remember that one as well as putting these ideas in my toolbox.
moramichal

The Backchannel: Giving Every Student a Voice in the Blended Mobile Classroom | Edutopia - 4 views

    • sarahlbassett
       
      A backchannel could be a really useful adaptation for SPED and EL students in mainstream classes who find themselves left behind in conversation
    • moramichal
       
      just used SLAck in my workshop - it was a great experiment
  • They create a blended environment where teachers and students engage in both physical and online conversations so that learning is no longer confined to a single means of communication or even an arbitrary class perio
    • sarahlbassett
       
      This solves the "I don't have enough time with my students during class" problem if students have access to conversations beyond the limits of a class period
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • A face-to-face conversation while simultaneously reading might have been a distraction. However, by typing their thoughts, all students contributed their ideas while each having the autonomy to work at his or her own pace.
    • sarahlbassett
       
      I especially like having an outlet for students to work at their own pace on something while still contributing to a conversation
  • conversations were never los
    • sarahlbassett
       
      "The conversations were never lost" - this is a great point!  Students could read and re-read past conversations.  With a traditional speaking/listening conversation, it isn't possible to read at all, let alone re-read.
  • Backchannel
  • Blended Mobile
  • Classroom
  • Charlie needed an alternative means to participate, and a backchannel would have provided him with that outlet.
  • a digital conversation that runs concurrently with a face-to-face activit
  • TodaysMeet would have let teachers create private chat rooms so that students could ask questions or leave comments during class. A Padlet wall might have fueled students to share their ideas as text, images, videos, and links posted to a digital bulletin board. The open response questions available in a student response system like Socrative or InfuseLearning could have become discussion prompts to give each student an opportunity to share his or her ideas before engaging in class discussion.
    • moramichal
       
      want to try it in my class - to give voice to student how afraid to talk in front of everybody
    • moramichal
       
      i was a fraid to write my thought on the board - imaybe a private channel ?
  •  
    Thanks for sharing this (and for the highlights). It's something I need to explore further.
  •  
    I love this idea.
norikofujiokaito

Computer Assisted Language Learning Social Networks: What Are They Talking about? - 9 views

  • Furthermore, it has been shown that students prefer to contact their peer students rather than their tutor when they are struggling with coursework, facing difficulties in assessing facilities and understanding lectures
    • smuske
       
      Validates the "three, then me" concept that asks students to ask three other students for help before asking the teacher. Students are perhaps more available asynchronously than the teacher as well, when students need help
    • smuske
       
      Validates the "three, then me" concept that asks students to ask three other students for help before asking the teacher. Students are perhaps more available asynchronously than the teacher as well, when students need help
  • Researchers also noted that people who interact more in an online course tend to achieve higher marks on exams, as opposed to lurking which is not as successful [12]
    • smuske
       
      want to encourage participation with some sort of graded activity
    • norikofujiokaito
       
      I suspect that students' achievement was assessed in online format; that is why students who interacted more could achieve higher marks.
  • Students who are required to collaboratively work online need to dedicate time to get to know each other and therefore are able to accomplish effective communication in an online environment [29]
    • smuske
       
      Need to persist and convince reluctant students that persisting will yield dividends. Also true of regular classroom settings.
    • smuske
       
      Need to persist and convince reluctant students that persisting will yield dividends. Also true of regular classroom settings.
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  • This outcome tells us that the students seem to be more excited, talkative and social with one another, as well as chat/contribute more at the start of the course, but their overall participation rates were on a decrease during the duration of the course.
    • smuske
       
      Is this a concern? Perhaps, having spent time at the beginning building trust, they are simply becoming more efficient.
    • smuske
       
      Or perhaps they're bored with this way of learning?
  • Furthermore, it has been shown that students prefer to contact their peer students rather than their tutor when they are struggling with coursework, facing difficulties in assessing facilities and understanding lectures
  •  
    I offer a course in my school called Computer Mediated Language Learning. But this article gives a new perspective of what computer assisted can be.
  •  
    Nice data to back up our use of all of these great online resources-- Thanks for sharing!
  •  
    Active participation in discussions is a key to success. If you use a flipped classroom, providing useful vocabulary and sentence structures they might want to use to talk about a particular topic also helps the students participate more in discussions.
vaguevara

Teaching, Tech and Twitter: Ignite a Flipgrid Fire - 1 views

  • 5. GridPals! An incredible idea from Bonnie McClelland, GridPals connects classrooms across the globe creating virtual pen pals. You can take advantage of GridPals using Flipgrid One. However, if one of the GridPals teachers has Flipgrid classroom then you can become CoPilots on the same grid giving both teachers access to the educator dashboard.
    • vaguevara
       
      REally want to investigate this!!!
  • The beginning of the year, at parent conferences, a send-off to the next grade are all ways to get families involved in encouraging and supporting their kids.
    • vaguevara
       
      I will use this as a bridge to communication about what is happening in the classroom- Have students teach introductions to their parents, and film them doing it!!!
  • ONE of the PVLEGS expectations to focus on at a time
    • vaguevara
       
      Yes-- try not to assess everything at once-- overwhelming for student and teacher:)
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  • Flipgrid film festival 
    • vaguevara
       
      I would like to use this for trablenguas and shorter interpersonal activities-- Great to share out with class, and also for student-parent-teacher conferences
  • Flipgrid video and a QR code link to the video is stuck on the map? Geography, history and oral reports all rolled into one.
    • vaguevara
       
      Love this idea, for student work during field trips
  • 7. Computer science shareout
    • vaguevara
       
      I will also use this idea to garner self-evaluation of discreet tasks and longer project work.
  • Claudio Zavala Jr. and Scott Titmas
  • rubric
  • The Global Read Aloud is a set 6 week period that spans from early October through mid-November and teachers all over the globe read one book and connect with other classrooms all over the world. 
    • vaguevara
       
      Wonder if there is a readaloud in Spanish... will investigate
  • 10 Ways to Enhance Math Lessons With Flipgrid by Sean Fahey.
    • vaguevara
       
      I'm sure a great deal of this is transferable to WLs.
  • background knowledge
    • vaguevara
       
      This could be a way to have students construct the anticipatory set!
  • 1. Virtual vocabulary word wall When working on a unit have your students record a video describing the meaning of important vocabulary words. They can hold up a card in their selfie video with the word written on it so the words are easily accessed by other students. 
    • vaguevara
       
      Love this! Great way to kick start the year!!!
  • The Educator's Guide to Flipgrid (2nd Edition).
    • vaguevara
       
      Will ad this to my list of ebooks
  •  
    Overview of Flipgrid and all the ways it can be used in the classroom for interpretive, interpersonal and presentational modes.
fellin

Orienting Students to Online Learning: A Must for Student Success | EDUCAUSE - 0 views

  • Orientation experiences support students' transition to the first year of college, which is essential for student success.1 This support is particularly important for those students from historically marginalized populations.
  • hould be holistic
  • course design features and
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • ) orientation learning goals and conten
  • assessment
  • approach
  • he orientation should
  • boost students' confidence for success online, foster a sense of community among students, faculty, and staff, equip students with the tools necessary to be positive community members, facilitate academic preparedness and skill-building (e.g., time management), provide support and engagement resources, and give students the opportunity to use the technology they will encounter in their courses.
  • As in any other learning experience, educators should first identify the desired learning outcomes of the student orientation
  • nteractive Learning Objects (ILOs): Campus leaders should think through how content will be delivered in order to achieve course objectives and consid
  • (LMS), or virtual campus, creating a student orientation course within the same virtual space fosters a seamless experience for students
  • Modality: Think
  • The course learning outcomes can also help inform what topics should be reinforced in live sessions.
  • Course location:
  • employing an ILO where students have to respond to academic integrity scenarios will enable them to relate to the material better than if they simply read an informational page about academic integrity.
  • acilitated v
  • e counterbalanced with how the onsite orientation is assessed (with consideration toward creating an equitable experience).
  • digital badge in the LMS.
  • to teach students how to become successful online learners. More specifically, we hoped to boost students' confidence in learning online, equip students with the tools necessary to be positive community members, and give students the opportunity to use the technology they would encounter in their courses.
  • and build basic competency in the digital tools
  • time-management tip
  • the importance of study groups,
  • how to practice "netiquette" (
  • "Start with Why"
  • We created an assignment that included the self-enroll link and directions with screenshots on how to locate and submit the completion badge.
  • A well-planned online orientation is essential for student success ahead.
  •  
    Good pointers on how to organize orientation to online course and how imp it is for successfull learning
Isis Shawver

Free Technology for Teachers: 5 Ways Students Can Create Audio Slideshows - 1 views

    • Isis Shawver
       
      There are some great resources in this article that I plan to explore!
    • MariaEmicle Lopez
       
      I will share these resources with my students for them to explore for their final presentation on work with Community.
  • Somewhere between a PowerPoint presentation and a full-fledged video is the audio slideshow.
  • To create an audio slideshow on Narrable start by uploading some pictures that you either want to talk about or have music played behind. After the pictures are uploaded you can record a narration for each picture through your computer's microphone or by calling into your Narrable's access phone number.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • UtellStory is a service for creating and sharing audio slideshows. To create and share your story through UtellStory you can upload pictures, add text captions, add audio narration to each slide, and upload a soundtrack to support your entire story.
  • a good tool for students to use to bridge the gap between slideshows and videos. Animoto makes it possible to quickly create a video using still images, music, and text. In the last year Animoto has added the option to include video clips in your videos too.
  • Hello Slide is a tool that you can use to add voice narration to slides that you display online.Hello Slide is different from services like Slideshare's Zipcast (which requires a paid subscription) because instead of recording your voice you type what you want the narrator to say.
  • Present.me is a handy service for recording video and or audio to accompany your slides.
  • Animoto's free service limits you to 30 second videos.
  •  
    I do audio slideshows as an end-of-semester project in my level 2 class, but I have only ever used PhotoStory. PhotoStory is loaded on our language lab computers so that students do not have to register or create any types of accounts. These resources seem to be just as easy, however
Marlene Johnshoy

A faculty member and former ad executive offers six steps for improving teaching on Zoo... - 16 views

  •  
    "Stephen Hersh outlines six steps for how you can create a community of active learning online if you 'use the medium.' "
  • ...6 more comments...
  •  
    very interesting article! I actually like Zoom and its features and agree with Stephen Hersh. we as teachers will need to look through another lens now and try to adapt to teaching online in a new productive way.
  •  
    Like the article - when we switched remotely, my advice for the ASL instructors is to keep it simple, to the point and encourage breakaway groups, encourage conversations using new signs, come up with short stories (movies)....most of the students enjoyed it. When the semester ended, we decided we should learn more tech tips and find other features using ZOOM. Its interesting!
  •  
    This is nice! Super helpful since many of us are Zoom users! And not to mention that we are not alone in this!
  •  
    Yes!! My main takeaway is that online class is not just a duplication of in-person class. Some things have to be done completely differently. I like the part about no lectures. One thing I know is that my fall online classes aren't going to have long lectures...
  •  
    This was really useful! I especially liked how he said he used his mini-lectures as a way to kick start group work. I do think that using Zoom, even though not ideal, can bring us to better ways of doing things with our students. I like how he posits that it forced him to talk less and have students participate more. If this is a benefit of the pandemic, then I welcome it (although all the other stuff --no!).
  •  
    This post reminded me that InsideHigherEd is a great resource for keeping tabs not only on post-secondary education policy, but also on technology. I'll absolutely be delving into their archive!
  •  
    Yes,Greg, Agreed, great resource!!! Will use often.
  •  
    Zoom! I'm pretty sure Stephen Hersch is my neighbor! Teaches at Northwestern. "Stop talking so much!" Yes. Great take away. I saw this video when I looked up to see what TEACHx is since he's involved. Started in 2016. But this linked video https://vimeo.com/249442007 is 4 Northwestern students and how they use technology. Evidently they use Canvas as well. I want to look up want one student said about his Spanish class. But what I liked is one of the students talks about when she doesn't use technology. After having said that all her life she had never used her laptop so much, but still in class the expectation is to arrive prepared and be ready to discuss. Hersch says the same for the what is one of the best uses of Zoom... time for students to discuss. Now! How to really get them all to prepare!?
Isolde Mueller

Pedagogical lurking - 0 views

  • Participation typically is demonstrated by the student posting a message, which serves as visual evidence. Posting a message, however, is a limited indicator of student engagement. In and of itself, the act only means that the student struck a few keys on the keyboard. Discussion itself requires a pattern of call and response, with turn-taking and listening being as important as contributing thoughts to the dialogue.
  • Is it possible that students might engage with the asynchronous discussion by reading, the online equivalent of listening?
  • (c) to determine whether this non-visible behavior is at all related to high performance.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • This study is first step toward being able to determining whether non-posting participation in online discussion, such as reading and reflecting, impact student learning. In turn, the answer to this question may lead to establishing methods of learning and assessment for online discussion activities that may be used on a widespread basis.
  • This approach may actually be ideal for learners who are grappling with a new topic because it lowers their cognitive and emotional load, taking the pressure off them to somehow perform or articulate and instead allowing them to focus on the content itself (McKendree, Stenning, Mayes, Lee, & Cox, 1998).
  • The concept of community voyeurs also may make some active participants feel uneasy.
  • Students who posted messages solely to meet course requirements and who did not read more than the bare minimum required to post were unlikely to feel like the discussion was a meaningful learning activity.
  • However, students who engaged in non-posting participation – such as reading messages to find a model and point of entry into the conversation and returning to review ideas raised in earlier discussion – tended to also indicate that the discussion activity was worthwhile.
  •  
    I am fascinated by this notion of "lurking" to describe students/ people on-line who do not respond immediately but take time to read and reflect. Interesting research questions whether this impacts their learning positively and how to assess their learning. Maybe someone can find a better name, too?
Amy Uribe

Media Examples for the Classroom - TEACHING MEDIA - 1 views

  • Some of the most productive parts of the class were the weekly take-home assignments that asked the students to post comments on their social networking sites while using connected viewing technology
  • While the students learned a lot from the class assignments, they were initially anxious about letting an instructor into their social network. I felt it was necessary to preserve the anonymity of the students for the study so I wanted to keep their comments about the connected viewing private.
  • Unfortunately, the only way to ensure this anonymity was to create a “secret” Facebook group. “Secret” Facebook groups are one of three categories of groups that allow members of the social network to collaborate on a project. Though this setting allows all posts and members to remain confidential it also required me, as the creator of the “secret” Facebook group, to “friend” all of my students so that I could then add them to the group.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  •   “Friending” the students raised some privacy concerns for me and for my students. Suddenly, we could see the everyday things that we were posting to Facebook. According to a survey conducted by Tammy Swenson Lepper, students are uncomfortable with authority figures making judgments about them based on their “private” Facebook communications, regardless of the pubic availability of this information (183-184)
    • Hasmik Tovmasyan
       
      I thought to create a group you do not need to friend the members, do you?
    • Hasmik Tovmasyan
       
      Here comes the factor of the Net generation and their "comfort zone"
  • Facebook and Twitter are easier to manage on mobile devices and are familiar interfaces.
    • Hasmik Tovmasyan
       
      very good point
    • Amy Uribe
       
      I agree!
  • This makes the class more student-centered and gives those struggling to follow lectures and readings an additional platform to work through course concepts.
    • Amy Uribe
       
      This just re-emphasizes what we were talking about the first couple weeks of class.
  •  
    several examples of SNS use in the FL classroom
  •  
    inding productive media examples to use in the classroom can be time-consuming and challenging. Here are media examples other teachers have found useful along with descriptions and information about the teaching contexts in which they were used.
Marcie Pratt

Social-networking sites in foreign language classes: Opportunities for re-creation | Ka... - 4 views

  •   38   SOCiaL-NetwOrKiNg SiteS 2001). This difference in ‘lifestyle’ gives educators reason to believe we shouldincorporate SNS usage into our class-related activities, to capture these students’imaginations and t their thought patterns and socializing habits (Godwin-Jones,2008; Winke & Goertler, 2008).However, although technology is an integral part of neomillennial students’lives, they often do not know how to use technology in ways that would benet them in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) (Dieu & Stevens, 2007;Kolaitis, Mahoney, Pomann, & Hubbard, 2006; Winke & Goertler, 2008). Suc - cessful CALL activities, then, often require a substantial training period at theoutset (Jones & Bissoonauth-Bedford, 2008; Kolaitis et al., 2006), and studentsmay be less enthusiastic about a class’s language and culture projects if the formof computer-mediated communication ( CMC) employed is not the type they areaccustomed to using (McBride & Wildner-Bassett, 2008; Thorne, 2003). A usefulresponse may be to craft CALL activities more to the practices that our studentsare familiar with (Winke & Goertler, 2008). SNSs are an obvious possibility to consider, given their tremendous popularity.If we can get our F
  • we can get our FL students to interact socially on SNSs, then they may beengaged in more authentic social and communicative behavior than typically hap-pens in classrooms, because “instead of merely simulating other modes of interac-tion, technology mediated communication is, in and of itself, the real thing
  •   40   SOCiaL-NetwOrKiNg SiteS and sites like it, knowing, socially and technically, how to re-use media in thisparticular way has become foundational for communication and creative expres- sion over the Web” (Perkel, 2008, p. 218). We can call this activity of writing/remixing the self through the manipulationof text and media ‘ self-authorship.’ Within the framework of CALL, this term refers to students authoring their own materials which can then serve as the basisfor learning and lessons. Using student-created materials as the center of a lesson ts with a student-centered pedagogy (Dieu, Campbell, & Ammann, 2006). Self-authorship activities can increase interest and time on task, and they put students in a more active role in their own learning process (Kramsch, A’Ness, & Lam,2000; Nikolova, 2002).Students must take an active role in their learning. They cannot simply be handed knowledge from an expert because understanding is the result of a cre- ative process one must work through over time with other people (Bereiter, 2002). Learning
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Such use could instantiate the primary condition that research has shown to encourage L2 acquisition: timespent on meaningfully embedded interaction and negotiation with others
  • Students must take an active role in their learning. They cannot simply be handed knowledge from an expert because understanding is the result of a cre- ative process one must work through over time with other people (Bereiter, 2002). Learning and language develop through interaction with others, by means of in- ternalizing problem-solving patterns that are rst experienced in dialogue withothers (Vygotsky, 1978). SNSs therefore are a promising tool for FL education intheir capacity to be used by learners as L2 practice in a way similar to how they are used by the majority of young people in our society.
    • Marcie Pratt
       
      I did not mean to highlight so much. Can't find the "undo" highlight. I believe the paragraph starting with "If we can get our FL students..." is important because as FL teachers we are always working towards getting out students to speak in the target langauge and with as much authenticity as possible. By working with an SNS then they might be more apt to use their L2 skills in a more authentic way outside of the classroom as mentioned in the paragraph.
    • MariaEmicle Lopez
       
      Great comment! SNS are a way to help students connect class with the real world and someone besides peers and instructors. Interaction through SNS is practice in the target language with speakers of that language, helpful for when they study abroad, for when they graduate and find a job where they interact with Spanish speakers in the case of my students population. These kinds of interactions build on confidence and improvement of speaking skills.
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