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Get to know your student. Identify their interests and strengths. Use these to inform planning. Take an evidence-based approach to identify where they need support. Partner with the student, their whānau, and experts.

Teachers who are knowledgeable and open to making adjustments to curriculum programs and learning spaces while maintaining high expectations, can produce great gains with children and young people living with FASD.

may demonstrate significant differences in competencies across a range of areas.

Inclusion is better for kids with special needs because they can see other ‘typical’ kids and emulate them. They get an opportunity to learn acceptable social behaviors and to learn from their peers.

Kids social and emotional needs also must be considered.

The more kids with special needs are included the more their peers start to see the kids for who they are.

Just as you don't think about your eye color every day, people with visual impairment don't always think about their condition every day either.

If a visually impaired person asks for assistance, don't hesitate to help.

People rarely lose their eyesight during their teen years. When they do, it's usually caused by an injury like getting hit in the eye or head with a baseball or having an automobile or motorcycle accident.

Structuring the Environment

Typical Classroom Accommodations

Plan ahead. You can arrange to speak with school officials or teachers before the school year even begins. If the year has started, plan to speak with a teacher or counselor on at least a monthly basis.Make meetings happen. Agree on a time that works for both you and your child’s teacher and stick to it. If it’s convenient, meet in your child’s classroom so you can get a sense of their physical learning environment.Create goals together. Discuss your hopes for your child’s school success. Together, write down specific and realistic goals and talk about how to help your child reach them.Listen carefully. Like you, your child’s teacher wants to see them succeed at school. Listen to what they have to say—even if it is sometimes hard to hear. Understanding your child’s challenges in school is the key to finding solutions that work.Share information. You know your child’s history, and your child’s teacher sees them every day: together you have a lot of information that can lead to better understanding of your child’s hardships. Share your observations freely, and encourage your child’s teachers to do the same.Ask the hard questions and give a complete picture. Be sure to list any medications your child takes and explain any other treatments. Share with the teacher which tactics work well—and which don’t—for your child at home. Ask if your child is having any problems in school, including on the playground. Find out if they are eligible for any special services to help with learning.

A traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is an injury that affects how the brain works. TBI is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Anyone can experience a TBI, but data suggest that some groups are at greater risk for getting a TBI or having worse health outcomes after the injury.

A personal care assistant is an individual trained to help persons with basic daily routines. A PCA may be able to help you if you have a physical, emotional or mental disability, a chronic illness or an injury.

Eligibility To be eligible for the personal care assistance program, a person must meet all these criteria: Be eligible to receive Medical Assistance or MinnesotaCare Expanded (pregnant women and children) Require services that are medically necessary Be able to make decisions about your own care or have someone who can make decisions for you

Services Personal care assistance services must be medically necessary. A person must need help to complete activities of daily living, have health-related tasks or need observation and redirection of behavior to use these four categories of services: Activities of daily living (includes eating, toileting, grooming, dressing, bathing, transferring, mobility and positioning) Complex health-related functions (includes, under state law, functions that can be delegated or assigned by a licensed health care professional to be performed by a personal care assistant) Instrumental activities of daily living (includes meal planning and preparation, managing finances, shopping for essential items, performing essential household chores, communication by telephone and other media and getting around and participating in the community) Observation and redirection of behavior (includes monitoring of behavior)

This round of amendments changed more than just rights, it was a spotlight on the fact that people's minds were changing about children with disabilities. PL 101-476 changed the wording and terminology of the original law.

Children was changed to individuals, and handicapped became with disabilities. Also, the "Education of the Handicapped Act" name was retired, and IDEA, or Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, became the legal name of this set of laws.

PL 101-476 required that every special needs child have an Individualized Transition Plan (ITP) worked into their IEP by age 16. An ITP is a plan for the preparation of individuals with special needs to become capable and ready to leave school and get a job, attend college, and become a contributing member of society.

IEPs are developed by a group of professionals at school. One member of this IEP team typically acts as a case manager and oversees the IEP. You’re part of your child’s IEP team, too. That means you’ll be involved in the process as the IEP is made. The IEP team will use the results of your child’s evaluation testing to design the plan. The scores show the specific areas your child struggles with. Having that information allows the IEP team to provide the individualized instruction and supports your child needs.

Here are some of the things the IEP will include: Your child’s present level of performance in school (PLOP) Individualized instruction and related services , such as occupational therapySupports like accommodations and

Your role in creating your child’s IEP doesn’t stop once the plan is done. In fact, it’s very important that you go over the IEP carefully and make sure it has everything it should have, and that you agree with what the school has proposed.

NICHCY is a national information and referral center that provides information on disabilities and disability-related issues for families, educators, and other professionals.

focuses on children and youth from birth to age 22

Resources on the NICHCY website and NICHCY information specialists are available to answer specific questions; offer referrals to disability organizations, parent groups, and professional associations at the state and national leve