Standard: 5.DP.1 - Describe the weight and volume and measure the weight and volume of various objects.(5.1.1, 5.1.2) Demonstrate that mass is conserved even when a substance has undergone a change in its state. (5.1.3, 5.1.4)

Extension: Students could weigh the materials seperately before combining into the slime mixture and compare and contrast the weight with after the slime has been created. Students could hypothesize where some of the mass was relocated (assuming some moisture was worked out of slime while handling).

Adaptation: Students could make homemade ice cream, and other baked goods to demonstrate the difference between chemical and physical changes.

Standard: 4.NS.2- Observe, investigate and give examples of ways that the shape of land changes over time.(4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3) Describe how the supply of natural resources is limited and investigate ways that humans protect and harm the environment. (4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.6)

Extension: Students could build more elaborate models with rocks, mud, dirt, soil, and other natural objects. Students could build larger models that set over time and could be used to mimic larger mining operations.

Adaptations: Students could write reports on the effects of coal mining and other human practices on the earth and our resources. Students could give presentations on other harmful practices that humans participate in, explaining why, despite the negative effects, we still make these decisions.

Standard: 3.NS.2 Identify fossils and describe how they provide evidence about the plants and animals that lived long ago and the nature of their environment at that time.

Extension: Students could create an fossil then research that prehistoric animal. Students could find out when they lived, how common the fossils are, and how they became extinct.

Adaptation: Students could work together in groups to make fossils if resources were limited. Students might make their own fossils, but then work in groups for the research component. This way the ELL and lower English speaking students could handle the research part of the activity.

Standards: 2.DP.2 - Day to day and over the seasons, observe, measure, record and recognize patterns and ask questions about features of weather. (2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.2.5, 2.2.6) Investigate how the position of the sun and moon and the shape of the moon change in observable patterns. (2.2.7, 2.2.8, 2.2.9)

Extension: Students could use this activity as a stepping stone to study the phases of the moon in greater depth. The next step could be to model the changes of the moon as it rotates the earth by using a flashlight as the sun.

Adaptation: This is a great physical representation to descripe words that may have no meaning to ELL students. Students are more likely to remember the phases because there is food involved and it was studied in a casual setting.

Standard: 1.NS.3 - Observe, describe and ask questions about living things and their relationships to their environments.

Extension: Students could maintain terrariums for various lengths of time, depending on the goals behind building the terrariums. Students could make representations of what they have observed over time in the terrariums.

Adaptation: ELL students could work with English Speaking students to bridge the language gap needed when following instructions for making terrariums. ELL students could also get support from English Speaking students when writing down what they observe, because it may be unfamiliar language. Graphs and charts could be made as a class, to keep track of height of plants and number of insects.

Standard: 5.NS.3 - Observe and classify common Indiana organisms as producers, consumers, decomposers, predator and prey based on their relationships and interactions with other organisms in their ecosystem.

Extension: After playing game, students could break up into small groups and create their own food webs and food chains with animals and other living organisms of their choice.

Adaptation: Activity could be modified for ELL students by placing short definitions on the backs of their cards for "Consumer" and "Producer" so they can observe the relationship even if they don't know the words.

Pictures could be added to index cards for ELL students who struggle with the variety of animal names that they might not be exposed to yet.

4.NS.3 - Observe, describe and ask questions about structures of organisms and how they affect their growth and survival

Adaptations - If large number of students will not be able to reach extended family to complete the chart, class could conduct a study to see how many share traits with immediate family.

Extensions - Students with access to relatives information could try going back as far as they could, creating a "family tree of genes".

For advanced students, Punnit Squares could be introduced and students could find out which traits or dominant and which traits are recessive based on their position in the Punnit Square.

Standard - 4.NS.2 - Observe, investigate and give examples of ways that the shape of land changes over time.(4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3)

Extension: Students could experiement with different laying techniques of the soil, rock, clay, etc. to see if erosion occurs differently based on the order of earth's layers. This experiment could be completed in small groups, all studying different arrangements of the earthen materials. Students could present their findings to the class or in the form of a report.

4.DS.4 - Design a moving system and measure its motion. 4.DS.4.1- Investigate transportation systems and devices that operate on or in land, water, air and space and recognize the forces (lift, drag, friction, thrust and gravity) that affect their motion.

Adaptation - Lesson could be shortened by discussing the principles of flight, reviewing possible designs, then have students design 1 paper airplane based on what they think will work best.

Extension: Students could be given a second chance to construct a paper airplane, providing a written explanation and model drawing for what they did differently.

Standards: 3.DS.1 - Observe and describe how sound is produced by vibrations. (3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3) Observe and describe how light travels from point to point. (3.1.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.6)

Adaptation- Different instruments could be placed at stations throughout the room if there were not enough to pass out to everyone. Students could move table to table recording what they observe about the sound.

Extension: This could be extended by turning it into a research project. Students could research specific instruments, then with classroom materials or materials from home, students could construct homemade instruments resembling what they researched. Knowledge of sounds waves and vibrations would be used to create working instruments.

Adaptations: Activities could be completed alone and not as part of 5 day unit if time did not permit. Experiments could be completed in small groups or modeled explicitly by the teacher.

Use of graphs and graphic organizers could be varied depending on ability of students.

Extension: This is a science project heavy on language arts (writing). Allowing ELL students to draw more pictures may make this project more memorable for these students.

Once students have determined what soil is good for plants, students could test different plant seeds. Compare and contrast what soil works best for different plants.

Standard: 1.NS.2 - Observe, describe and ask questions about soil components and properties.

K.NS.3 - Observe living organisms, compare and contrast their characteristics, and ask questions about them

1.NS.3 - Describe objects in terms of the materials that compose them and in terms of their physical properties

2.NS.3 - Observe, ask questions about and describe how organisms change their forms and behaviors during their life cycles

Extension: Students could make a "My Rock Collection Book" and include drawings and lists of adjectives used to describe the rocks

Extension: Students could make a "My Rock Collection Book" and include drawings and lists of adjectives used to describe the rocks.

Adaptation: Teacher could use leaves, toys, or any other classifiable objects in the room to practice observing and classifying based on visible and physical characteristics

Adaptation: Teacher could use leaves, toys, or any other classifiable objects in the room to practice observing and classifying based on visible and physical characteristics.

Standard: K.NS.1 - Adaptation: Teacher could use leaves, toys, or any other classifiable objects in the room to practice observing and classifying based on visible and physical characteristics

Standard 6.NS.1 - Understand that the properties and behavior of matter can be explained by a model that depicts particles representing atoms or molecules in motion. Extension: Once students understand properties of different liquids, they can think how to manipulate those liquids and their properties. One example would be to heat up one liquid to several different temperatures and see how they interact. Adaptation: Teacher could split students into groups of 3-4 and have them stack liquids on their own. Students could bring in several liquids from home (all approved) and try stacking them based on the observed properties.

Standard: 2.NS.1.1- Observe, describe and measure ways in which the properties of a sample of water (including volume) change or stay the same as the water is heated and cooled and then transformed into different states. Extensions: Students can graph the weight of the sponge over time on a line graph. Students can discuss their predicitions and/or inferences (depending on how familiar they are with the water cycle) as a class. This activity is a good segwey into concepts such as the water cycle, evaporation, and states of matter. Adaptations: ELL students benefit from the whole class discussion stemming from the single experiement performed at the front of the class. Students gain a better idea of what is going on as they listen to each others' predictions and inferences as to where the water is going if it is leaving the sponge.

CCSS.Math.Content.2.MD.B.6 Represent whole numbers as lengths from 0 on a number line diagram with equally spaced points corresponding to the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., and represent whole-number sums and differences within 100 on a number line diagram

This game could benefit those students who are struggling with the concept of adding and taking away from a number and how that changes the value of something. Particularly helpful for ELL students who might lose understanding in the translation. One way to extend this game would be to include positive and negative numbers to demonstrate how negative numbers work.

CCSS.Math.Content.3.NF.A.3d Compare two fractions with the same numerator or the same denominator by reasoning about their size. Recognize that comparisons are valid only when the two fractions refer to the same whole. Record the results of comparisons with the symbols >, =, or <, and justify the conclusions, e.g., by using a visual fraction model.

This activity would be beneficial for ELL students because they could discuss with classmates why the two different parts (represented by the cards) makes one whole. It would give ELL students opportunity to construct own meaning for concepts represented. It could be extended by adding unline denominators, which would require students to simplify or factor to find the answer.

CCSS.Math.Content.4.NBT.B.4 Fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.

This game enforces fluency of adding and subtracting multi-digit numbers. It could be extended to the teaching of probablity, as every turn runs the risk of not rolling a 5 or a 1 (to continue playing) and requires players to regularly assess the chances of rolling a specific combination. This game gives ELL students and lower English speaking students lots of practice talking large math problems out in their heads as they keep track of each other's scores.

CCSS.Math.Content.3.G.A.1 Understand that shapes in different categories (e.g., rhombuses, rectangles, and others) may share attributes (e.g., having four sides), and that the shared attributes can define a larger category (e.g., quadrilaterals). Recognize rhombuses, rectangles, and squares as examples of quadrilaterals, and draw examples of quadrilaterals that do not belong to any of these subcategories

3-Dimensional component can be removed, and younger students can work with 2-Dimensional shapes instead. Students can practice identifying the attributes that make geometric shapes different from each other. ELL students could use these creations to help understand the "definition heavy" parts of Geometry (i.e. faces, vertices, sides, corners).

CCSS.Math.Content.3.OA.A.3 Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem

This activity is great for students who are struggling with the concept of division. The activity is especially helpful for students who need to visualize the statement before properly solving the problem. Again, these visual representations will make it easier for ELL and low performing English students to understand the concepts behind division. It could be extended by having students determine the number sentence from a story problem.