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Daryl Bambic

Cultural Anthropology/Introduction - Wikibooks, open books for an open world - 0 views

en.wikibooks.org/...Introduction

introduction

shared by Daryl Bambic on 02 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • nthropology is holistic[[1]], comparative, field based, and evolutionary.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 02 Sep 13
       
      As a social science, anthropology is the ultimate interdisciplinary 'science'.  It is holistic and comparative.  
  • five sub-disciplines
  • ...49 more annotations...
  • Archeology: The study and interpretation of ancient humans, their history and culture, through examination of the artifacts and remains they left behind
  • Cultural Anthropology:(also: sociocultural anthropology, social anthropology, or ethnology) studies the different cultures of humans and how those cultures are shaped or shape the world around them
  • Biological Anthropology
  • using genetics, evolution, human ancestry, primates, and the ability to adapt.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 02 Sep 13
       
      Biological anthropology is the discipline that uses Darwin's theory of evolution to study man, primates and all of life.
  • Linguistic Anthropology: examines human languages
  • pplied anthropology is simply the practice of applying anthropological theory and or methods from any of the fields of Anthropology to solve human problems
  • Culture is:
  • Learned
  • Patterned
  • •Shared
  • •Adaptive
  • Symbolic
  • At its most basic level, the difference between Culture and culture is in the way they are defined. C
  • lture with a capital C refers to the ability of the human species to absorb and imitate patterned and symbolic ideas that ultimately further their survival
  • Familial culture
  • Every family is different, and every family has its own culture
  • icro or Subculture
  • distinct groups within a larger group that share some sort of common trait, activity or language that ties them together and or differentiates them from the larger group
  • clique
  • Mexican-Americans
  • micro-culture would be the Japanese hip hop
  • Cultural universals
  • Claude Levi-Strauss
  • gender roles, the incest taboo, religious and healing ritual, mythology, marriage, language, art, dance, music, cooking, games, jokes, sports, birth and death
  • tual ceremonies
  • f cultural relativism deny the existence or reduce the importance of cultural universals
  • Language and cognition
  • Society
  • Myth, Ritual, and aesthetics
  • Technology
  • This problem of right and wrong in terms of crossing cultural lines is a big one.
  • intrinsic cultural distinctions that are meaningful to the members of a given society, often considered to be an 'insider’s' perspective.
  • reate bias o
  • Enculturation
  • This process is the way in which we obtain and transmit culture.
  • In the !Kung Bushman tribe they look down upon people who think highly of themselves and who are arrogant. To avoid these characteristics, each child was raised to put down and mock others when they do things such as hunting and other activities.
  • Cultural Transmission
  • Symbols and Culture
  • Symbols are the basis of culture. A symbol is an object, word, or action that stands for something else with no natural relationship that is culturally defined
  • Ethnocentrism
  • Cultural Relativism
  • Ethnography
  • Deconstructing Race and Racism
  • Race was created long ago as a tool to separate humans
  • Deconstructing the social concept of race has been a major interest of Cultural Anthropology at least since Franz Boas's work on race and immigration in the early 1900's.
  • Race is not biological but it's supposed to be a way to classify biological differences by grouping people according to different characteristics that they have
  • There is no biological part of race. It is strictly a concept created by humans to try to better understand differences between us
  • Technology
Catherine Delisle

Feminist Anthropology - Anthropological Theories - Department of Anthropology - The Uni... - 0 views

www.as.ua.edu/...cultures.php

shared by Catherine Delisle on 26 Apr 11 - Cached
    • Catherine Delisle
      Catherine Delisle on 26 Apr 11
       
      This website is very credible because it belongs to the University of Alabama. It talks about the main concepts of feminist anthropology and of the big names such as Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict. It also talks about their views and the ones that contradicted them.
Catherine Delisle

FEMINIST ANTHROPOLOGY - 0 views

www.indiana.edu/...fem.htm

shared by Catherine Delisle on 26 Apr 11 - No Cached
    • Catherine Delisle
      Catherine Delisle on 26 Apr 11
       
      This website is extremely important for my project. It explains in detail the three main waves of feminist anthropology, including the important names (Elsie Clews Parsons, Margaret Mead, etc). It also explains the four main theories in feminist anthropology, which is important to understand it as a whole.
mariakanarakis

By the Color of Our Skin: The Illusion of Integration and the Reality of Race. - Review... - 0 views

findarticles.com/...ai_57815517

color skin illusion integration reality race find reason anthropology evolution science human brain

shared by mariakanarakis on 09 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Leonard Steinhorn (who is white) and Barbara Diggs-Brown (who is black) argue that th
  • fantasy of representational diversity hinders actual racial progress, which they define as black and white integration.
  • see it: America lives an "integration illusion," which they define as "the public acclaim for the progress we have made, the importance of integration symbolism, the overt demonstrations of racial harmony, the rejection of blatant bigotry, the abstract support to neighborhood and school integration - all coupled with a continuing resistance to living, learning, playing and praying together."
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • By the Color of Our Skin is not a policy book. It aims to describe America's black-white condition, not to point the way to racial harmony
  • Blacks and whites live, learn, work, pray, play, and entertain separately.
  • Desegregation, they say, "means the elimination of discriminatory laws and barriers." Integration, by contrast, is "governed by behavior and choice."
  • "America is desegregating," the authors write. "But we are simply not integrating."
  • One Nation, Indivisible, would point to my friends as examples of America's racial progress.
  • They cite statistics that show residential segregation is receding: 83 percent of blacks and 61 percent of whites have at least one member of the other race in their neighborhood, a huge increase from 30 years ago.
  • They give integration an almost impossibly strict definition. It's not enough for whites to interact with blacks with whom they share space, whether residential, professional, or personal interest. Whites must actively seek out and embrace blacks.
  • American culture doesn't exist apart from black American culture. Some of this integration may be virtual - corporate ads and university brochures, for example.
  • Yet due to centuries of separation, black Americans have developed a culture that is distinct from, even as it exerts a disproportionate influence on, America's white or mainstream culture.
  • mariakanarakis on 09 Dec 11
     
    This is a good site for my PLN "The Illusion of Skin Colour". Yellow: info Blue: examples Green: statistics Pink: word searches/ definitions
adam unikowski

NOVA | The Four-Winged Dinosaur - 0 views

www.pbs.org/...four-winged-dinosaur.html

nova dinosaur anthropology

shared by adam unikowski on 08 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • n 2002
  • In 2002
  • the 130 million-year-old creature
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • debate over the origin of flight
  • Or were the extra wings useless for flight and likely to have been for some other purpose, such as attracting a mate?
  • Dubbed Microraptor, the crow-sized fossil is one of the smallest dinosaurs ever found
  • Did it array its arm- and leg-mounted wings in the style of an early 20th-century biplane to produce high lift at low speed?
  • Did it use them to create a single lifting surface for efficient, swift gliding?
  • Chinese stone quarry where the fossil was discovered
  • Artists have historically played an important role in paleontology by helping to reconstruct the appearance and behavior of ancient animals.
  • For years the debate has been a standoff between two camps—those who believe dinosaurs were the ancestors of birds, and those who do not.
  • Believers in the dinosaur-bird connection have generally assumed that flight must have begun from the ground up, with fast-running dinosaurs that eventually got airborne as feathered arms evolved into wings,
  • Skeptics of the bird-dinosaur link say it would have been physically impossible for running dinosaurs to overcome gravity and get off the ground.
  • Larry Martin
  • speaks out for the minority view that birds descended from non-dinosaur tree dwellers.
  • Microraptor is the unexpected missing link that has reignited the debate
  • adam unikowski on 08 Dec 11
     
    This very interesting because it shows how people though that birds are decedents of dinosaurs. Then there are the non believers that do not believe that dinosaurs were the ancestors of birds. The four winged dinosaur Microraptor had brought up this debate again. Microraptor is the missing link that reignited this debate. This website is credible because at the bottom of the page it gives the name of the man who made the site and it is part of pbs.
Talya Freidman

Chimps R Us- Frontiers Profile: Jane Goodall - 1 views

www.pbs.org/...goodall2.htm

chimps humans Jane+Goodall anthropology Science

shared by Talya Freidman on 14 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • it's qui
  • te an okay subject for study for a Ph.D.
  • e an okay subject for study for a Ph.D.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • still a hard core of people who are very resistant
  • doing invasive experiments on animals
  • made a difference with the way the world views chimpanzees
  • Has it made a difference in the way scientists view them
  • It's much better to cling to the old ideas that animals are just little machines and they have stimulus and response
  • It's a communication
  • sophisticated brains
  • haven't during evolution developed a sophisticated spoken language
  • not capable of planning the distant future
  • can't
  • discuss an idea
  • communication is very immediate
  • Mike learned to use empty kerosene cans because he was very low ranking
  • He accidentally hit an empty 4-gallon kerosene can and noticed that other chimps ran away
  • Within 4 months, he'd risen to the top
  • never saw him fight
  • Only Mike capitalized on that and developed the technique and won.
  • Talya Freidman on 14 Dec 11
     
    This is an interview where Jane Goodall explains and discusses her discoveries.
Daryl Bambic

The Primates: Humans - 4 views

anthro.palomar.edu/...prim_8.htm

evolution anthropology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 02 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • all lack external tail
  • thumb that is sufficiently separate from the other fingers to allow them to be opposable for precision grips.
  • sexually dimorphic--males are 5-10%
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • we are omnivorous.
  • same arrangement of internal organs and bones
  • many of the same diseases
  • share several important blood types
  • Unlike apes, our arms are relatively short and weak compared to our legs
  • modern human brain is 3 times larger in volume
  • toes became shorter and the big toe moved up into line with the others.
  • The pelvis
  • Nature very likely selected for longer legs
  • downside of the evolutio
  • we are quite similar to the African apes anatomically and genetically, especially to the chimpanzees and bonobos
  • 46 chromosomes
  • minor anatomical differences between humans and apes
  • longer legs require less up-and-down movement while running and, therefore, reduce the amount of energy needed to move rapidly
  • allow humans to travel farther with the same calorie expenditure
  • changes in the pelvis which unfortunately included a narrower birth canal in females. 
  • A partial evolutionary solution to this birth difficulty for humans was fetuses being born at a less mature stage, when their bodies are smaller.  The trade off is that human newborn babies are more vulnerable.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 02 Dec 11
       
      This vulnerability translates itself into an immature brain.  In the baby's first year, the brain grows dramatically.  In fact, humans have more synapses (connections between neurons) at this young age than in any other time of life.
  • Evolving a larger brain comes at a steep energy cost.  The human brain uses about 25% of the energy derived from the nutrients that we consume and 20% of the oxygen.
  • HAR1F regulator gene beginning about 6 million years ago
  • 7th and 19th week after conception
  • People have much more complex forms of verbal communication than any other primate species.  We are the only animal to create and use symbols as a means of communication.
  • We also have more varied and complex social organizations.  The most distinctive feature of humans is our mental ability to create new ideas and complex technologies. 
  • mental levels equivalent to a 3-4 year old human child
  • they do not have the capability of producing human speech and language
  • Female chimpanzees, gorillas, and other non-human primates usually remain capable of conception and giving birth even when they are very old
  • Daryl Bambic on 02 Dec 11
     
    A text for the students.
Lauren Ganze

Dying Young Didn't Wipe Out Neanderthals : Discovery News - 1 views

news.discovery.com/...nderthal-life-span-110111.html

Neanderthal anthropology evolution Human extinct

shared by Lauren Ganze on 14 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • modern humans had about the same life expectancy as their hairier, ancient cousins.
  • a difference in longevity may have been to blame.
  • higher fertility rates and lower infant mortality gave modern humans an advantage over the Neanderthals,
  • ...4 more annotations...
    • Lauren Ganze
      Lauren Ganze on 14 Dec 11
       
      The same number of adults, but a lot more human babies
  • "similar patterns of adult mortality,"
  • a demographic advantage for early modern humans,
  • it must have been the result of increased fertility and/or reduced immature mortality."
  • Lauren Ganze on 14 Dec 11
     
    This explains in brief why the Neanderthals died out and when. A large possibility is that high birth rates gave humans an advantage over them. The adults had a relatively equal mortality rate, but infants did not, and so the human population grew while Neanderthals died out.
Lauren Ganze

Neanderthals, Humans Interbred-First Solid DNA Evidence - 1 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...umans-mated-interbred-dna-gene

Neanderthal Human relations DNA shared anthropology evolution

shared by Lauren Ganze on 14 Dec 11 - Cached
    • Lauren Ganze
      Lauren Ganze on 14 Dec 11
       
      did they disappear solely because of other hominid species (humans)?
  • The results showed that Neanderthal DNA is 99.7 percent identical to modern human DNA, versus, for example, 98.8 percent for modern humans and chimps, according to the study.
  • has been found fo
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Neanderthals, like modern humans, are thought to have arisen on the continent.
  • Though no fossil evidence has been found for Neanderthals and modern humans coexisting in Africa,
  • interbreeding occurred just after our species had left Africa
  • Neanderthals, the study team says, probably mixed with early Homo sapiens just after they'd left Africa but before Homo sapiens split into different ethnic groups and scattered around the globe.
  • 60,000 years ago
mauromongiat

Homo floresiensis: the Hobbit - 0 views

www.talkorigins.org/...flores.html

Homo_floriensis evolution specie anthropology brain origins

shared by mauromongiat on 09 Dec 11 - Cached
    • mauromongiat
      mauromongiat on 09 Dec 11
       
      The homo floriensis Would be a small human if it did'nt have such a small brain. The fact that the brain of the homo floriensis is so small is a proof that it is a different specie from the homo sappien.
  • The brain size of the floresiensis skull is extraordinarily small, at 380cc. This is as small as any australopithecine ever discovered, and fairly typical for a chimpanzee. (Chimps range from about 300 to 500cc, averaging about 400cc, but are physically bigger than floresiensis.) This is smaller than would be expected even for a dwarf form of Homo erectus, and suggests there was active selection for a small brain size for some reason. (Human pygmies, incidentally, are nothing like H. floresiensis; their brains are almost as large as those of normal-sized humans)
adam unikowski

Four-Winged Dinosaurs Found in China, Experts Announce - 0 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...0121_030122_dromaeosaur.html

nova dinosaurs experts dinosaur anthropology

shared by adam unikowski on 14 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • bipedal carnivorous dinosaurs called theropods
    • adam unikowski
      adam unikowski on 14 Dec 11
       
      The theropod (meaning "beast-footed") dinosaurs are a diverse group of bipedal saurischian dinosaurs. 
  • fully developed, modern feathers on both the forelimbs and hind limbs.
  • The six specimens were excavated from the rich fossil beds of Liaoning Province in northeastern China
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • How did a group of ground-dwelling flightless dinosaurs evolve to a feathered animal capable of flying?
  • used its feathered limbs, along with a long, feather-fringed tail, to glide from tree to tree.
  • new species, Microraptor gui
  • dated at between 128 to 124 million
  • four feathered limbs,
  • birds are most closely related to dromaeosaurids
  • dromaeosaurs were small, feathered animals with forelimbs similar to those of Archaeopteryx, the oldest known bird at around 150 million years old, and feet with features comparable to modern tree-living birds.
Alyssa Cohen

Human Family Tree | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program - 0 views

humanorigins.si.edu/...human-family-tree

australopithecus family tree human anthropology origins

shared by Alyssa Cohen on 13 Dec 11 - Cached
  • Alyssa Cohen on 13 Dec 11
     
    Interactive 'human family tree' website that simply illustrates the earliest ancestors to today's homo sapiens. 
mariakanarakis

When Do People ¬Not Protest Unfairness? The Case of Skin Color Discrimination... - 1 views

scholar.harvard.edu/jlhochschild/publications/when-do-people-¬not-protest-unfairness-case-skin-color-discrimination

skin_color discrimination race illusion anthropology inequality

shared by mariakanarakis on 13 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • This is the phenomenon of “colorism” – “the tendency to perceive or behave toward members of a racial category based on the lightness or darkness of their skin tone”
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 13 Dec 11
       
      Colorism: (Definition) It is discrimination towards the more dark pigmented people, which excludes them from social and daily activities. Colorism is found all around the world since people have spread and this is prejudice against the darker skinned humans. 
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 15 Dec 11
       
      This website separates skin discrimination into different sectors so we can see that there's isn't only one place that the discrimination is affecting us. All of the examples which are highlighted in blue are a tool that helps us really understand what this professor is talking about. 
  • lighter-skinned black soldiers in the Union Army of the Civil War were, compared with darker-skinned soldiers, more likely to be skilled workers rather than field hands before entering the service
  • however, is that how people behave and are treated is affected not only by the nominal category of race, but also by the ordinal category of multiple shades of skin tone
  • ...40 more annotations...
  • This is the
  • Colorism can occur within one’s own community, or across racial and ethnic groups
  • any other “racial” group.
  •  Skin Color Hierarchy in History
  • Our more systematic historical research shows that the importance of skin color on life chances dates back at least to the nineteenth century.
  • it may emerge as an indirect effect of the person’s ability to take advantage of the higher social status that has accrued over many generations to light-skinned African-Americans
  • Skin Color, Education, and Income
  • skin tone within a given race or ethnicity is associated with socioeconomic outcomes.
  • over a quarter of African Americans had earned college degrees.  But light-skinned blacks were more likely to have a college degree than were medium- or dark-skinned blacks; conversely, dark- and medium-skinned members were less likely to have completed high school.
  • In a year when blacks’ averaged about ten years of schooling, there is a gap of almost two years between the schooling of the darkest and lightest African Americans.  Dark-skinned blacks earned less than seven tenths as much as light-skinned blacks – during a year in which black families’ mean income was just over six tenths of that of white families.
  • Being dark-skinned has psychological as well as economic, educational, and temporal costs.
  • “colorism” may be a direct response to the behavior of or, more likely, the appearance of a person standing before the potential employer, judge, or teacher.
  • people who suffer from discrimination may not protest it because they are unaware of their unfair treatment, because they perceive no alternatives, or because they see no means of effective protest. 
  • Light-skinned blacks tend to come from families with relatively high status on these dimensions, so skin tone affects educational attainment indirectly.
  • light- and medium-skinned blacks received shorter sentences for all crimes than the darkest category of blacks.  In every case except property crimes [i.e. for drug, personal, and miscellaneous crimes], the darkest group of blacks received higher sentences, on average, than whites
  • sentences are 2 percent shorter for light-skinned blacks compared with whites, 4 percent longer for medium-skinned blacks, and 2 percent longer for dark-skinned blacks. Those differences seem small, but 4 percent of a 2,560 day sentence (the average length for whites) is over three months of prison time.
  • Skin Color and Political Attitudes or Behaviors:
  • light-skinned African Americans are relatively advantaged in the social and economic arenas,
  • they have a similar advantage as voters and political actors, and that dark-skinned blacks perceive more discrimination.
  • Light-skinned blacks may be slightly more likely to perceive discrimination against other members of their race, and they are a little more likely to participate politically.
  • So why isn’t colorism an issue around which blacks organize politically?
  • What’s the Matter with Kansas?
  • Unenlightened Self-Interest:
  • Public opinion in this instance was ill informed, insensitive to some of the most important implications of the tax cuts, and largely disconnected from
  • a variety of relevant values and material interests
  • light-skinned blacks as roughly analogous to middle-class Americans – certainly not at the top of the distribution, but enjoying enough benefits from the unfair structure that they would be hesitant to disrupt it too much.
  • he implication is that dark-skinned blacks ought to perceive that they are doubly maltreated, that skin color hierarchy is just as unfair as the racial hierarchy within which it nests, and that protest is warranted. 
  • We vote our values; why should we be surprised if they vote theirs?
  • the task is to understand their values on their own terms.
  • Applying this logic to the case of skin color discrimination yields several hypotheses.  Perhaps dark-skinned blacks are aware of their doubly unfair treatment, but choose to ignore it because they too care more about some other political value, such as racial solidarity or individual autonomy.
  • Similarly, light-skinned African Americans may recognize,
  • that “for generations of black people, color and class have been inexorably tied together,” but they too care more about racial solidarity than about either taking advantage of or fighting this internal division. 
  • in short, one form of unfairness may be worth accepting or ignoring publicly for the sake of fighting another, or simply pursuing some unrelated goal.
  • The deeply religious, in short, vote their values, not their interests.
  • Andrea Campbell shows that the elderly mobilize to act jointly on behalf of social security, to the benefit of most but at the expense of the poorest (
  • At the turn of the twentieth century, both black and white media frequently used “mulatto” (and sometimes “quadroon” and “octoroon”) – sometimes favorably, sometimes unfavorably, but to a surprising degree simply as a common and unremarkable descriptor.
  • those descriptors were never used or were terms of opprobrium or shock.
  • one can explain the lack of collective attention to the unfairness of skin tone discrimination by pointing to the dissemination of and allegiance to other, apparently stronger values.
  • Racial nationalists have traditionally been hostile to black feminists or black Marxists who seek to draw attention to unfair practices within the black community
  • they are similarly hostile to any discussion of skin color differentiation because it appears to be a strategy of “divide and conquer.
Daryl Bambic

Chimps Trade Meat for Sex -- And It Works - 3 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...090407-chimps-meat-sex.html

evolution sex chimps meat anthropology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 02 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • hare meat with females double their chances of having sex with those females
  • More surprising was that males shared meat with females that didn't have sexual swellings, perhaps in hopes of future success, the researchers say.
  • he fact that the chimp males also shared meat with females not in heat could also add new fire to the debate about chimpanzees' cognitive abilities
  • ...1 more annotation...
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 03 Sep 13
       
      What do you think the male chimp's behaviour might indicate?
    • Tyler David
      Tyler David on 03 Sep 13
       
      That he knows, since he is doing something for the female now, he is hoping that in the future she will pay it back in the form of sex.
    • Ethan Crystal
      Ethan Crystal on 03 Sep 13
       
      To me, it indicates some common ways of thinking between us humans and the chimps
    • joco26
      joco26 on 03 Sep 13
       
      This behaviour may indicate that the chimps have some sort of intellect. They are able to process the outcome of events, which in this case is a trade of meat for sex. 
    • Catherine Preston
      Catherine Preston on 03 Sep 13
       
      The male chimps behavior may indicate further signs of social structure in the primate community and mating rituals are far more sophisticated than what we thought. 
    • jonah-e
      jonah-e on 03 Sep 13
       
      that he really wants to reproduce and he is willing to trade it for his food. So it shows some sort of planning ahead and they are becoming more intellectual 
    • Brandon Sigal
      Brandon Sigal on 03 Sep 13
       
      The fact that he is giving her meat even though she is not ready to have sex shows that he is planning for the future. The monkey is showing that he has the ability to give something in hopes to get something in return soon.
    • Marc-Anthony Palacios-Castellana
      Marc-Anthony Palacios-Castellana on 03 Sep 13
       
      It shows how the chimps are evolving and staring to make connections between giving the females meat and recieving sex
    • Chris Dimopoulos
      Chris Dimopoulos on 03 Sep 13
       
      The male chimp is willing to do what it takes to breed
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