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Creating Effective Collaborative Learning Groups in an Online Environment | Brindley | ... - 1 views

  • Access to education should not mean merely access to content
    • efleonhardt
       
      I think this is an interesting point when talking about creating online classes. It's important to take into account that a class is not mearly sharing information but having th students work together
  • instructor skill in creating and managing interaction in online courses
  • rather, it should mean access to a rich learning environment that provides opportunity for interaction and connectedness
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • course design as a critical factor in determining the quantity, quality, and type of interactivity
  • connectivism
  • it relies on the connected learning that occurs through interaction with various sources of knowledge
  • participation in communities of common interest, social networks, and group tasks.
  • Transparency of expectations Details of the requirements to participate in a study group are posted in the course syllabus. The purpose (learning objectives) of collaboration and expectations of the learners are made very clear in the main conference. If students communicate reluctance about study group participation, instructors encourage participation and are open about discussing the purpose and process.
  • Transparency of expectations
  • Transparency of expectations
  • Clear instructions
  • Clear instructions
  • Meaning-making/relevance
  • Meaning-making/relevanc
  • scaffolding
  • informality, familiarity, honesty, openness, heart, passion, dialogue, rapport, empathy, trust, authenticity, disclosure, humour, and diverse opinions
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Microsoft Educator Network - Hot Topics : Personalized Learning : Flipped Learning: tec... - 0 views

  • . Understanding the details of the world in which a learner lives allows the learner to the ability to shape and manipulate that world to his advantage. Content mastery must be accompanied by healthy relationships in a learning community that fosters curiosity within learners. Focusing only upon content can lead to a cold, rote learning environments; spending all our energies on relationships can be done at the expense of content mastery; and developing curious learners without strong relationships can lead to learning in isolation. Essentially, the flipped learning approach allows teachers to spark interest, provide initial exposure, and deliver content through easy to make teacher created video so class time can be used to foster healthy relationships and engage students in higher levels of cognition to help ignite curiosity. Simply using video as a teaching tool will not fundamentally change a classroom. But rethinking how class time can be used for things other than direct instruction and lectures will transform a classroom from a teacher-centered instructional environment to a learner-centered laboratory of learning. Flipped learning is a transitional tool for teachers who know they want to move the attention away from themselves and on to student-centered learning. Flipped learning is not an end, but a means to greater teaching and deeper learning. You can read more about Flipped Learning in our upcoming book: Flipped Learning: Gateway to Student Achievement which can be pre-ordered here: Jonathan Bergmann &amp; Aaron Sams Flipped Learning, Gateway to Student Achievement, Bergmann, Sams piln.hottopic.onPostDisplayInLineLoaded(); Pictures and videos var thumbRatio = [1, 1]; $(function () { initializeGallery('/Gallery/Media/', '138408f4-616a-4cc9-ab2c-9e7543cf50e4') }); Cover of Jon Bergmann &amp; Aaron Sams' book: Flipped Learning $('.galleryDescription').hide(); $('#bigImage').load(function () { var newHeight = $('#bigImage').height() + $('.galleryDescription').height() + 60; if (newHeight < 360) { newHeight = 360; } $('#progressbar').hide('blind', {}, 300); $('#loading').animate({ height: newHeight + 'px' }, 300); $(this).fadeIn('slow'); }); $('.galleryDescription').fadeIn('slow'); gallery created by Jon Bergmann {{if error}} ${name} ${sizef} Error: {{if error === 1}}File exceeds upload_max_filesize (php.ini directive) {{else error === 2}}File exceeds MAX_FILE_SIZE (HTML form directive) {{else error === 3}}File was only partially uploaded {{else error === 4}}No File was uploaded {{else error === 5}}Missing a temporary folder {{else error === 6}}Failed to write file to disk {{else error === 7}}File upload stopped by extension {{else error === 'maxFileSize'}}}The resolution of this image is too big {{else error === 'minFileSize'}}The resolution of this image is a little small. The minimum size is 160x160 {{else error === 'minResolutionSize'}}The resolution of this image is a little small. The minimum size is 160x160 {{else error === 'tooWide'}}This image is too wide for our gallery to display correctly. You will need to replace it with something that is proportional to your monitor. {{else error === 'tooTall'}}This image is too tall for our gallery to display correctly. You will need to replace it with something that is proportional to your monitor. {{else error === 'acceptFileTypes'}}Filetype not allowed {{else error === 'maxNumberOfFiles'}}Max number of files exceeded {{else error === 'uploadedBytes'}}Uploaded bytes exceed file size {{else error === 'emptyResult'}}Empty file upload result {{else}}${error} {{/if}} {{else}} {{if thumbnail_url}} {{/if}} {{/if}} {{if type === 'image'}} ${description} $('.galleryDescription').hide(); $('#bigImage').load(function () { var newHeight = $('#bigImage').height() + $('.galleryDescription').height() + 60; if (newHeight < 360) { newHeight = 360; } $('#progressbar').hide('blind', {}, 300); $('#loading').animate({ height: newHeight + 'px' }, 300); $(this).fadeIn('slow'); }); $('.galleryDescription').fadeIn('slow'); {{html ""}} {{else}} ${description}
  • a situation in which lower order thinking is removed from whole-class teaching time and placed upon the individual regardless of whether video or any other technologies are being used.
  • Content is important in that it is the structure upon which learning is built
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Content mastery must be accompanied by healthy relationships in a learning community that fosters curiosity within learners.
  • so class time can be used to foster healthy relationships and engage students in higher levels of cognition to help ignite curiosity
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The Effects of Netiquette and ICT Skills on School-bullying and Cyber-bullying: The Two... - 0 views

  • Making appropriate right/wrong judgments is important in interpersonal communications to prevent cyber-bullying problems between children
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The Hitchhiker's Guide To Internal Linking Strategy - 0 views

  • think more about how your users navigate websites, and consider which information they would find valuable based on their current location. Is the information on Page A related to Page B? Would someone reading Page A also want to read Page B?
  • In general, e-commerce sites do this really well
  • The result is an internal linking structure that is intuitive to users and that naturally prioritizes the most important pages for the most relevant keywords.
  •  
    A nice overview of how to think about internal linking in web design. although this advice is presented for Search Engine Optimization, it also helps us think about how and why we use links to navigate - including prioritization of content
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How Do I Invest? | Beginning Investing - 4 views

  • What is investing?Any time you invest, you're devoting your own time, resources, or effort to achieve a greater goal. You can invest your weekends in a good cause, invest your intelligence in your job, or invest your time in a relationship. Just as you undertake each of these expecting good results, you invest your money in a stock, bond, or mutual fund because you think its value will appreciate over time.
    • Hedy Lowenheim
       
      Very useful site for my course in personal finance. The site explains personal finance in very simple terms. Most anyone should be able to relate to how the information on investing is presented. Great information on topics such as investing, goal setting, active and passive management, etc., that correspond to many of my course's learning objectives.
  • Planning and setting goalsInvesting is like a long car trip: A lot of planning goes into it. Before you start, you've got to ask yourself: Where are you going? (What are your financial goals?) How long is the trip? (What is your investing "time horizon"?) What should you pack? (What type of investments will you make?) How much gas will you need? (How much money will you need to reach your goals? How much can you devote to a regular investing plan?) Will you need to stop along the way? (Do you have short-term financial needs?) How long do you plan on staying? (Will you need to live off the investment in later years?
    • Hedy Lowenheim
       
      The car trip analogy that the authors use in this article for planning & setting personal financial goals, is something everyone can relate to. This gave me some excellent ideas that will definitely be of use to me in my course since financial goal planning is another one of my learning objectives. I felt that the car trip analogy used on the site will assist with understanding the planning that goes into creating medium and short term goals was brilliant, and something everyone should be able to relate to. Creating medium and short term goals are also learning objectives in my course, (module 3). It should be an excellent way to engage students, since most everyone travels and has to put energy into planning out their trips, for example what to bring on the trip, how long it will take, how many stops there will be along the way, etc.
    • Hedy Lowenheim
       
      Another one of my learning objectives is understanding cash management and cash flow and having the students understand how important it is to save, and put that money to work. Site has some very useful examples on how to save and put away money automatically in a disciplined fashion.
  • Active and passive strategiesThe two main methods of investing in stocks are called active and passive management, and the difference between them has nothing to do with how much time you spend on the couch (or the exercise bike). Active investors (or their brokers or fund managers) pick their own stocks, bonds, and other investments. Passive investors let their holdings follow an index created by some third party.
  • ...1 more annotation...
    • Hedy Lowenheim
       
      Another one of my learning objectives is understanding the difference between active and passive management. This site will definitely be helpful in refining some of the learning objectives in my course. It might also be a good site to post a link to for more information on specific person investing topics.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      how will you use this resource in your course, Hedy?
    • Hedy Lowenheim
       
      Alex I plan on using this Motley Fools web site which focuses on investment basics since the personal investing terms and strategies are presented very clearly, simply and with humor and relate directly to learning objectives in my modules; such as active and passive strategies in relation to investing (module 6), cash management/cash flow (module 2), and short and medium goal planning (module 3). The site will be an excellent resource for the students. This will also introduce them to the Motley Fool web site which should be helpful to them throughout the course and afterward. I felt that the car trip analogy used on the site to help understand the planning that goes into creating medium and short term goals was brilliant and something everyone should be able to relate to. Creating medium and short term goals are also learning objectives in my course, (module 3). It should be an excellent way to engage students, since most everyone travels and has to put energy into planning out their trips, for example things like what to take on the trip, how long it will take, how many stops there will be along the way, etc. I added some comments under the highlighted areas in Diigo with sticky notes (you should also be able to view them on the site) that reference a few of my learning objectives. By the way, I did find some useful sites on Merlot & OER, but many of linked to PDF files. A link on Merlot led me to the Motley Fools web site. I hope this helps! Hedy
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      this looks great Hedy! thanks! not sure what you meant by the comment about pdfs. you should be able bookmark pdfs... : )
    • Hedy Lowenheim
       
      I am under the impression that you cannot highlight text & create sticky notes in PDFs (just tested again), that was why I was having a hard time finding an acceptable site for the assignment in Merlot, most were PDF files. I guess I could have bookmarked them in Diigo and entered my comments write on the Diigo site instead of on the actual URL. I was thrilled once the Merlot site linked to the Motley Fool site!
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      ahhh. yes, that is true, put you can bookmark the resource, and annotate it on the diigo site - exactly as you describe! just wanted to be sure you knew that : )
    • Hedy Lowenheim
       
      I thought you might have wanted us to do highlighting and sticky notes for the assignment and right from the actual URL site. I must say that in the past 24 hours I have became much more familiar with Diigo, sink or swim, but I still need to work with it. Love the tool! Will we have access to Diigo after the course? Thanks and get some rest!!
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      yes. i want to be sure you can use this tool, so i am glad you persisted!! and i am really glad you love the tool. me too! yes you will have access to this group and this tool beyond the end of the term. that is one of the reasons i use the tool!
    • Hedy Lowenheim
       
      Excellent!! Be great if students continue to use it. Looks like these messages b/t us are not for public viewing. Is that a setting you turned on? I know there is public/pvt setting for sticky notes when you first create one (that's what was giving a bunch of students issues), but I do not see that setting on these notes. Hope this makes sense. Thanks& hope swimming is going well! Hedy
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JOLT - Journal of Online Learning and Teaching - 0 views

  • fostering student engagement or creating effective student interactions with faculty, peers, and content.
  • rapport
  • One way that Bain identified highly effective teachers was by how they treated their students
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • teachers usually believe that students want to learn and they assume, until proven otherwise, that they can
  • pretests, survey forms, and a course overview that identified several questions that the course would help them answer.
  • is better equipped to gather information about students in a variety of ways that may help with success later in the semester.
  • The distance gap needs to be bridged in both directions. It is not sufficient for teachers to get to know their students without letting them get to know their teachers as well.
  • (e.g., Anderson, Rourke, Garrison, &amp; Archer, 2001). Facilitating interpersonal contact is an important role for online teachers and creating a social presence by projecting their identities is essential
  • these general behaviors as teacher “presence”
  • that student deserves to be recognized and treated as an individual
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Lost in Translation: Importance of Effective Communication in Online Education - 0 views

  •  
    Recommendations for integrating effective online communication into programming and instruction to increase student connectivity, engagement, and retention.
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Reflections on Online Teaching - Diane Hamilton - 3 views

  • maybe even a little less nervous.&nbsp;
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      you are doing a great job so far! : )
    • diane hamilton
       
      Thanks!
  • The rubric does allow for that, but there is a strong sense that some of these dialogic purposes are not as highly valued as others, but I value them all as essential components to class community.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      Not at all. personal opinion, experiences and social presence and support ARE essential in building trust and the sense of a class community. That is why they we have class community areas for interaction in the course and why they are in the rubric. It is, however, important to understand that the discussion can't consist only of those types of posts. And high quality posts are what we need to strive for in the discussion areas of the cousre. The rubric is a device to clarify- to give students informed choice and guidance, and to elevate the quality of interactions. "2" points is not bad. it simply indicates the kind of post that it is. you can post as many "1" point posts as you like - that is not wrong - but, you also need to contribute to the quality of the discussion and learning and to do that you need to aim higher than social and personal experience/opinion type posts.
  • I believe students can have teaching presence within a course when the nature of their interactions helps others to think more deeply or to look at something from an alternate viewpoint.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • (even caused me to consider dropping
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      i am so glad you didn't : )
  • conversational tone she is requesting we use.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      hey diane: don't misunderstand. I use a conversational tone becuase that is my style. my choice. That may not be right for you. I want you to find your own voice. Interestingly enough in my opinion, you have one, and it is strong : )
    • diane hamilton
       
      Hi Alex, Thanks for this notation. Now, I am curious though - what kind of voice do I project to you? Diane
  • I keep trying to understand why it’s been repeated
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      the problem is that not every student reads every document. you would be surprised. That said, there are lots of ways to address this. It is certainly easier to not be redundant. Less to update. Less documentation. If you go this route, just make sure that you always link back to the documentation where the information is posted. : ) me
  • Maybe that’s the point.&nbsp; Maybe I don’t need to know everything well, just the things I need in the moment.&nbsp;
  • I have however come to realize that I need to ask my own questions and pursue them, go on a QUEST to find answers, to locate research and ideas that relate to my own burning wonderings.&nbsp; There is a QUEST in every QUESTion!
  • It’s really difficult to flesh out, and it’s kind of foreign to me to be sharing these behind the scenes thoughts….
    • Maria Guadron
       
      Great screencast, Diane! What a wonderful way to add social presence and direct instruction
    • diane hamilton
       
      Thanks!
    • Catherine Strattner
       
      I would like to echo Maria! Thinking about doing this in my course as well- thank you for the inspiration!
    • Lauren D
       
      Great idea with the screencast!
    • Irene Watts-Politza
       
      This is often how I felt. I attribute it to first-time online learning curve. Do you think you will be more comfortable in the role of instructor in discussion forum? I do.
    • diane hamilton
       
      Yes, I do. I usually feel quite comfortable in that sort of role, but I also think I will have to be sure to promote a horizontal relationship within discussions so students don't shut down or defer to me. I want them to think,explore, and construct without pressure to give me the answer they think I want.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
       
      Shea proposes "learner presence" ... http://www.slideshare.net/alexandrapickett/learning-presencecs2 Can you propose and research Course Presence?
    • diane hamilton
       
      Interesting....
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My Online Teaching Journey | ETAP 640 - 1 views

  • I learned that the more you understand and grow the more you can offer your students.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      Eureka!!!
  • I feel good about what I have created and know that what I learned will help me and my students.
  • I feel accomplished!
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • I found it is the revisions and creation of the product that you learn, you learn in the doing… the applying and the creating.
  • I learned that you need to have a solid foundation to start by assessing skill levels and giving students the fundamentals is an essential process. You need to break learning up into manageable part but embed learning exercises to enhance knowledge. You have to know your audience and be aware of your assumptions. When designing a course you need to use best practices to enhance your course design. You will put a lot of time and effort in the design process… as a result expect a little blood sweat and tears (there is no guarantee you will look the same at the end :).&nbsp; It is important&nbsp;to remember a students way of learning evolves, that means your teaching style will have to evolve too. Don’t be afraid to try new things…the more you learn the more you can offer your students. &nbsp;Learn to be a self-reflective, dig deep into yourself but more importantly I learned there is a great thing to be gained in the perspective of others, value that and seek that out. This course is more than a process it is a journey!
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      wow! ... this is why i love metacognitive reflection!
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Tools for Teaching - Chapter - 0 views

  • After you have "packed" all your topics into a preliminary list, toss out the excess baggage. Designing a course is somewhat like planning a transcontinental trip. First, list everything that you feel might be important for students to know, just as you might stuff several large suitcases with everything that you think you might need on a trip. Then severely pare down the topics you have listed, just as you might limit yourself to one or two pie
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http://www.uncp.edu/home/dente/online.htm - 0 views

  • Such discussion places many learners at a disadvantage - those who are introverted, those for whom English is not their first language, those who don't like to interrupt, those who like to think more before they speak, and many others
    • Melissa Pietricola
       
      I think this-giving everyone the opportunity to speak is the most significant benefit for my students in having the course by a hybrid
  • only 20% of the students do 80% of the discussing. Online, 65% of the students do 80% of the discussing.
  • Consequently, online students do more work and cover more subject matter.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • This constant interaction with the subject matter greatly increases learning retention.
  • Students are more active and self-directed in their learning.
  • discussion is richer because it is recorded
  • class discussions easily cross week boundaries. It is very common for a discussion which began in the first week of the course to resurface in the fourth week when new learnings shine a fresh perspective on it. This type of dialogue feels much more natural than the fragmented discussions I experienced in the classroom.
  • My experience with teaching online is that it is a different thing. I encourage us all to experiment in both our face-to-face and virtual learning encounters and to share what seems to work and not work.
  •  
    it is a short, easy read, and yet stresses important points we educators all experience
  •  
    benefits of online learning
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PREPARING OR REVISING A COURSE - 0 views

  • fter you have "packed" all your topics into a preliminary list, toss out the excess baggage. Designing a course is somewhat like planning a transcontinental trip. First, list everything that you feel might be important for students to know, just as you might stuff several large suitcases with everything that you think you might need on a trip.
  • Distinguish between essential and optional material.
  • Cut to the chase. Go for the most critical skills or ideas and drop the rest
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Devise a logical arrangement for the course content.
  • Prepare a detailed syllabus. Share the conceptual framework, logic, and organization of your course with students by distributing a syllabus. See "The Course Syllabus."
  • Stark and others (1990) offer additional sequencing patterns, suggesting that topics may be ordered according to the following: How relationships occur in the real world How students will use the information in social, personal, or career settings How major concepts and relationships are organized in the discipline How students learn How knowledge has been created in the field
  • List all class meetings.
  • elect appropriate instructional methods for each class meeting. Instead of asking, What am I going to do in each class session? focus on What are students going to do? (Bligh, 1971). Identify which topics lend themselves to which types of classroom activities, and select one or more activities for each class session: lectures; small group discussions; independent work; simulations, debates, case studies, and role playing; demonstrations; experiential learning activities; instructional technologies; collaborative learning work, and so on. (See other tools for descriptions of these methods.) For each topic, decide how you will prepare the class for instruction (through reviews or previews), present the new concepts (through lectures, demonstrations, discussion), have students apply what they have learned (through discussion, in-class writing activities, collaborative work), and assess whether students can put into practice what they have learned (thro
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Blooms Digital Taxonomy v2.12 - 4 views

  •  
    Wow, thanks Mike. This is exactly what I have been looking for - although I did not know it until now! Combining Bloom's taxonomy with technology seems almost too obvious. But until someone takes the trouble to painstakingly match the thinking skills with the technology skills, things will continue to remain in the air. Thanks for sharing this important idea.
  •  
    You're welcome Joy! Professor Pickett suggested I search it. I am also so glad to have found something like this, where new instructional technology forms can get the necessary reinforcement from a well regarded and widely used guide like Bloom's taxonomy. BTW I learn a great deal from your posts!
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One True Media - slideshows, free photo sharing, facebook video, slide shows, Facebook ... - 1 views

  •  
    Love this! I have tried it out. There are some limitations, but what do you expect for free?! Gives a much, much better deal than Animoto (less than a minute!). The free version provides 100MB of space, but you can't add captions, only music. There is a way around this, though. Students can use Audacity to record and edit their audio, and then import into OneTrueMedia. This solves the problem of OneTrueMedia not having multi-track facilities to record narration and music. Then, just use OneTrueMedia's photo and video capacities. Right now, I will look around for something which allows inserting captions. For the time being, OneTrueMedia is superb.
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Grade Inflation Article - Teaching Resources - Center for Excellence in Teaching and Le... - 0 views

  • definition is that grade patterns change so that the overwhelming majority of students in a class, college, or university receive higher grades for the same quantity and quality of work done by students in the past
  • corollary to this definition is the same GPA obtained by students with poorer academic skill
  • less well known version of grade inflation is "content deflation" where students receive the same grades as students in the past but with less work required and less learning
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Poor grades exposed male students to the military draft
  • colleges and universities mandate frequent student evaluations of faculty
  • These same evaluations play an increasingly important role in tenure and promotion decisions
  • Factors such as student effort, student persistence, student improvement, and class attendance count in favor of the students who possess these desirable characteristics
  • faculty member who believes that grades are a vehicle to please students rather than to recognize and reward performance will tend to give higher grades
  • Similarly a professor less willing to distinguish superior work from good or average work will tend to impart an upward bias to grades
  • large number of non-traditional students, and a large number of working students all tempt professors to lower their expectations by reducing the number of textbooks
  • current trend for classroom assessment by external authorities as an attempt to obtain again meaningful feedback on the quality of student performance.
  • use of just five categories of grades (A-F) has, in the minds of some, contributed to overall grade inflation
  •  
    insightful explanation the reasons why grades are inflated
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Tools for the TEKS: Integrating Technology in the Classroom - 0 views

  • Until recently, asynchronous online discussions have been largely limited to text-based interactions. The continued development of “web 2.0” technologies, or “read/write web” tools, is changing the online interactive landscape, however. Free web services like YackPack (www.yackpack.net) and Vaestro (www.vaestro.com) permit users to engage in audio-based discussions with others using only a computer microphone and a web browser. The audio recordings are immediately stored to a server on the Internet, rather than being saved on local hard drives and then subsequently uploaded to a server. The process is amazingly easy and straightforward, providing multiple benefits for users as well as instructional possiblities for educators.
  • The respective slogans of both YackPack and Vaestro succinctly communicate their similar goals of empowering users to engage in web-based discussions via audio recordings.
  • These interactive podcasting tools are admittedly examples of potentially “disruptive technologies” which may strike fear into the hearts of some school administrators and classroom teachers. The basic reason for this boils down to issues of control. Could students make poor choices and choose to record offensive or inappropriate comments using these tools? Of course. But as educators, shouldn’t we strive to provide environments where students can make REAL decisions of import and value, so they can learn how to behave appropriately in different contexts? The virtual world is here to stay, and educators at all levels need to get more serious about helping student learn to safely and effectively navigate that environment. An analogy to swimming may be appropriate here. If students are living on the coast, and are exposed daily to the dangers as well as opportunities of the ocean, shouldn’t any responsible caretaker strive to help those students learn to swim? Our answer must be “yes.” Interactive podcasting is one read/write web technology that can be used to help achieve this goal in the virtual enviornment.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • udioBlogger (www.audioblogger.com) is a free service which permits users to create audio podcasts using their cell phone, which are directly saved to the Internet and “subscribable” via an automatically generated RSS feed. Just as AudioBlogger permits anyone with a cell phone and access to the Internet to create a free online account to become an international podcaster, services like YackPack and Vaestro are likely to continue maturing and offer increasingly powerful ways for people to interactively podcast. These tools are powerful and rich in their educational potential.
  •  
    interactive podcast tools
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Building a Better Teacher - NYTimes.com - 1 views

  • Cook County Normal School, run for years by John Dewey’s precursor Francis Parker
  • progressivism
  • progressivism or its contemporary cousin constructivism: a theory of learning that emphasizes the importance of students’ taking ownership of their own work
  •  
    this is about questioning what makes teachers good? Doug Lemov (Albany based) set out to find the answer to the question
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Scaffolding - Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching and Technology - 0 views

  • The term ‘scaffolding’ comes from the works of Wood, Bruner and Ross (1976). The term ‘scaffolding’ was developed as a metaphor to describe the type of assistance offered by a teacher or peer to support learning. In the process of scaffolding, the teacher helps the student master a task or concept that the student is initially unable to grasp independently. The teacher offers assistance with only those skills that are beyond the student’s capability. Of great importance is allowing the student to complete as much of the task as possible, unassisted. The teacher only attempts to help the student with tasks that are just beyond his current capability. Student errors are expected, but, with teacher feedback and prompting, the student is able to achieve the task or goal. When the student takes responsibility for or masters the task, the teacher begins the process of “fading”, or the gradual removal of the scaffolding, which allows the student to work independently. “Scaffolding is actually a bridge used to build upon what students already know to arrive at something they do not know. If scaffolding is properly administered, it will act as an enabler, not as a disabler” (Benson, 1997).
  • The ‘more knowledgeable other’, or MKO, shares knowledge with the student to bridge the gap between what is known and what is not known. Once the student has expanded his knowledge, the actual developmental level has been expanded and the ZPD has shifted. The ZPD is always changing as the student expands and gains knowledge, so scaffolded instruction must constantly be individualized to address the changing ZPD of each student.
    • Diane Gusa
       
      Learning is a process, and scaffolding supports that process
  •  
    Fading is a key component of instructional scaffolding.
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JOLT - Journal of Online Learning and Teaching - 0 views

  • performance
    • Joan Erickson
       
      This is what I am looking for: performance outcomes
  • A few students indicated it was hard to have discussions when they did not know with whom they were discussing. One student said, “It was weird because I was having this online in-depth discussion with someone I had never seen before, and it felt a little creepy.”
    • Joan Erickson
       
      that's why an ice breaker in the beginning is really important. You get to know each other, so you won't feel creepy
  • In general, the more contact between students and faculty both inside and outside the classroom, the greater the student development and satisfaction
    • Joan Erickson
       
      same as what Alex said
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • problem-solving
  • participation
  • A characteristic of an online course design model includes the reliance of the group discussion
  • one of the most beneficial tools of online learning is the discussion board
  • participation
  • social presence and collaboration
  • interaction and knowledge construction
  • students' satisfaction, participation
  • Is there a difference in the quality of online asynchronous discussions and traditional classroom discussions
  • The online and traditional groups were given the same set of guiding discussion questions
  • the quality of discussion that occurs in online and traditional instruction is similar when specific content-related questions are provided to structure the discussions
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Comparing Piaget and Vygotsky - 0 views

  • A child in the preoperational stage could not be taught to understand the liquid volume experiment; she does not possess the mental structure of a child in concrete operations.
  • acquisition of meta-cognition (thinking about thinking
  • assimilation
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • assimilation
  • assimilation
  • Sociocultural Theory of Development
  • human activities take place in cultural settings and cannot be understood apart from these settings
  • Through these social interactions, we move toward more individualized thinking.
  • Private speech is considered to be self-directed regulation and communication with the self, and becomes internalized after about nine years
  • zone of proximal development.
  • Vygotsky believed that given proper help and assistance, children could perform a problem that Piaget would consider to be out of the child's mental capabilities.
  • Vygotsky's theory stressed the importance of culture and language on one's cognitive development
  • Piaget proposed that children progress through the stages of cognitive development through maturation, discovery methods, and some social transmissions through assimilation and accommodation
  • think abstractly
  • Assimilation is information we already know. Accommodation involves adapting one's existing knowledge to what is perceived
  • provide short instruction and concrete examples
  • opportunities to organize groups of objects on "increasingly complex levels"
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    Piaget Vs Vygotsky This is an easy read. The article is written by a teacher. It makes you poner what kind of teacher you are, or want to be
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