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Kelly Gorcica

Metacognition: An Overview - 1 views

gse.buffalo.edu/...metacog.htm

shared by Kelly Gorcica on 26 Jun 10 - Cached
  • Metacognitive experiences involve the use of metacognitive strategies or metacognitive regulation (Brown, 1987). Metacognitive strategies are sequential processes that one uses to control cognitive activities, and to ensure that a cognitive goal (e.g., understanding a text) has been met. These processes help to regulate and oversee learning, and consist of planning and monitoring cognitive activities, as well as checking the outcomes of those activities.
  • Self-questioning is a common metacognitive comprehension monitoring strategy. If she finds that she cannot answer her own questions, or that she does not understand the material discussed, she must then determine what needs to be done to ensure that she meets the cognitive goal of understanding the text.
  • Knowledge is considered to be metacognitive if it is actively used in a strategic manner to ensure that a goal is met. For example, a student may use knowledge in planning how to approach a math exam: "I know that I (person variable) have difficulty with word problems (task variable), so I will answer the computational problems first and save the word problems for last (strategy variable)." Simply possessing knowledge about one's cognitive strengths or weaknesses and the nature of the task without actively utilizing this information to oversee learning is not metacognitive.
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  • Cognitive Strategy Instruction (CSI) is an instructional approach which emphasizes the development of thinking skills and processes as a means to enhance learning. The objective of CSI is to enable all students to become more strategic, self-reliant, flexible, and productive in their learning endeavors (Scheid, 1993). CSI is based on the assumption that there are identifiable cognitive strategies, previously believed to be utilized by only the best and the brightest students, which can be taught to most students (Halpern, 1996). Use of these strategies have been associated with successful learning (Borkowski, Carr, & Pressley, 1987; Garner, 1990).
  • Metacognition enables students to benefit from instruction (Carr, Kurtz, Schneider, Turner & Borkowski, 1989; Van Zile-Tamsen, 1996) and influences the use and maintenance of cognitive strategies.
  • Metacognition and Cognitive Strategy Instruction
  • The study of metacognition has provided educational psychologists with insight about the cognitive processes involved in learning and what differentiates successful students from their less successful peers. It also holds several implications for instructional interventions, such as teaching students how to be more aware of their learning processes and products as well as how to regulate those processes for more effective learning.
  • Metacognition refers to higher order thinking which involves active control over the cognitive processes engaged in learning. Activities such as planning how to approach a given learning task, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating progress toward the completion of a task are metacognitive in nature. Because metacognition plays a critical role in successful learning, it is important to study metacognitive activity and development to determine how students can be taught to better apply their cognitive resources through metacognitive control.
  • Kelly Gorcica on 06 Jun 13
     
    metacognition
Diane Gusa

Metacognitive Skills - 0 views

education.calumet.purdue.edu/...edpsy7_meta.htm

meta-cognition learning process

shared by Diane Gusa on 27 Jun 11 - No Cached
  • Metacognition refers to learners' automatic awareness of their own knowledge and t
  • Metacognition refers to learners' automatic awareness of their own knowledge and their ability to understand, control, and manipulate their own cognitive processes.2
  • Metamemory
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Metacomprehension. T
  • Self-Regulation.
  • They focus their attention on what it is that they or someone else does that is metacognitively useful. T
  • Learners with good metacognitive skills are able to monitor and direct their own learning processes.
  • They establish a motivation to learn a metacognitive process.
  • metacognition often has important affective or personality component
  • Students typically learn metacognitive skills while they are involved in learning something else
Kelly Gorcica

Metacognition? - Exploring How Students Learn - 0 views

sites.google.com/...l-the-fuss-about-metacognition

shared by Kelly Gorcica on 06 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Kelly Gorcica on 06 Jun 13
     
    metacognition
Joy Quah Yien-ling

Metacognition - Questions to Monitor Thinking - 1 views

www.ncrel.org/...lr1metn.htm

metacognition Inquiry thinking

shared by Joy Quah Yien-ling on 28 Jun 10 - Cached
  • Joy Quah Yien-ling on 28 Jun 10
     
    Scaffolding metacognition in students is challenging. These questions may help them in monitoring their own thinking.
Maria Guadron

Harvard Education Letter - 0 views

www.hepg.org/507

questions teaching learning

shared by Maria Guadron on 28 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • In the classroom, teachers have seen how the same process manages to develop students’ divergent (brainstorming), convergent (categorizing and prioritizing), and metacognitive (reflective) thinking abilities in a very short period of time.
  • Maria Guadron on 28 Jun 12
     
    "In the classroom, teachers have seen how the same process manages to develop students' divergent (brainstorming), convergent (categorizing and prioritizing), and metacognitive (reflective) thinking abilities in a very short period of time."
Catherine Strattner

» Experience - 0 views

enrichmentzone.net/...metacognitive-experience

meatcognitive experience metacognition assessment learning experience

shared by Catherine Strattner on 23 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Catherine Strattner on 23 Jun 12
     
    This explains what a metacognitive experience is.
Catherine Strattner

» Knowledge - 0 views

enrichmentzone.net/...metacognitive-knowledge

meatcognitive knowledge metacognition knowledge assessment learning

shared by Catherine Strattner on 23 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Catherine Strattner on 23 Jun 12
     
    This explains what metacognitive knowledge is.
Daniel Hacker

Assessing metacognition in an online community of inquiry - assessment_metacognition_in... - 0 views

campestre.phipages.com/...ion_in_an_online_community.pdf

Module 4 discussion

shared by Daniel Hacker on 08 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Mary Huffman on 08 Jun 13
     
    Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2011). Assessing metacognition in an online community of inquiry. The Internet and Higher Education, 14(3), 183-190. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.01.005
Heather Kurto

JTE v24n1 - Transfer of Learning: Connecting Concepts During Problem Solving - 0 views

scholar.lib.vt.edu/...dixon.html

learning transfer problem solving

shared by Heather Kurto on 07 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • There are several factors that affect learning transfer. These include whether students understand or simply memorize knowledge, the amount of time spent on learning the task, the amount of deliberate practice that is done beyond learning the task, the motivation of the student, how the problem is represented, the transfer conditions, and the metacognition of the solver (Dweck, 1989; Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Romer, 1993; Johnson et al., 2011; Palinscar & Brown, 1984; Singley & Anderson, 1989).
  • A student’s comprehension of a problem and his or her ultimate ability to transfer concepts learned previously to the current problem is inextricably linked to his or her ability to properly represent the problem.
  • ognitive research shows that the organization of learning and how new learning relates to what a student already knows are the strongest predictors of how well a student will transfer knowledge (National Research Council, 2000). Schunn and Silk (2011) articulated, however, that in science and engineering students often “lack relevant conceptual frameworks or have frameworks that are not developed enough to support new learning adequately” (p. 9). The absence of such frameworks makes it difficult for students to connect and apply other knowledge where relevant.
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  • The problem solving process begins as soon as the problem solver generates enough information about the problem space to gain an understanding of the problem.
  • Representation in the problem-solving process refers to how the solver mentally represents the problem. The solver’s representation of the problem is directly related to his or her existing knowledge structure of the content of the problem.
  • Students have to increase their reflective practice to aid their metacognition and transfer of STEM concepts.
  • Different individuals have different conceptual knowledge and will make different associations to their knowledge. Exposure to the constraints and affordances of a particular context in which a problem exists will invariably influence the way in which the student represents a problem in a similar context.
  • Sanders (2009) admitted that it is difficult to prepare a teacher that is competent in all three bodies of knowledge, given the volume of content knowledge necessary to be an effective science, mathematics or technology educator.
  • This pedagogical approach is not without its challenges, as students may still compartmentalize their knowledge. Also, it is often difficult logistically and in terms of instructional timing for teachers across STEM discipline to collaborate effectively (Crismond, 2011; Kimbell & Stables, 2008).
  • Good and poor problem solvers differ in their recall of information from previously encountered problems and by extension their ability to transfer concepts to the target problem. This difference exists because poor problem solvers tend to remember surface similarities between problems, while good problem solvers remember underlying conceptual structures that make two problems similar although they have different surface features (Sutton, 2003).
  • Until student assessment methods are modified to reflect less dependency on standardized tests, engineering and technology educators will garner greater collaboration from math and science teachers when the latter can see that engineering and design-based curriculums does improve students’ ability to solve standardized test problems.
Irene Watts-Politza

ScienceDirect.com - Computers & Education - Learning presence: Towards a theory of self... - 1 views

www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.albany.edu/...S0360131510002095

CoI Shea 'learning presence

shared by Irene Watts-Politza on 18 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • This line of research indicated that the multivariate measure of learning represented by the cognitive presence factor could be predicted by the quality of teaching presence and social presence reported by learners in online courses. The relationship between these constructs is illustrated in Fig. 1 below.
  • Given the electronic, social, and “self-directed” nature of online learning, it seems imperative that we examine learner self- and co-regulation in online environments especially as they relate to desired outcomes such as higher levels of cognitive presence as described in the CoI framework.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 18 Jul 12
       
      Is this an aspect of assessment that is adequately addressed?
  • We suggest that this constellation of behaviors and traits may be seen as elements of a larger construct “learning presence” (Shea, 2010).
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  • self-efficacy can be viewed as a subjective judgment of one’s level of competence in executing certain behaviors or achieving certain outcomes in the future. Self-efficacy has been identified as the best predictor of college GPA and among the best predictors of college persistence through meta-analytic research (Robbins et al., 2004). Further, commenting on the state of the art in self-regulated learning research Winne suggested that self-regulation is contingent on positive self-efficacy beliefs, arguing that “learners must subscribe to a system of epistemological and motivational beliefs that classifies failure as an occasion to be informed, a condition that is controllable, and a stimulus to spend effort to achieve better” (Winne, 2005). This contrast of failure attribution as trait (e.g., “I’m just not good at math”) versus failure as occasion to be informed (“I can control, adapt, and learn from this”) is a classic view of maladaptive and adaptive self-efficacy beliefs.
  • In the current study we therefore examine the relationship between CoI constructs and elements of self efficacy in order to begin to investigate the larger theme of collaborative online learner regulation and learning presence.
  • Thus, self-efficacy is “concerned not with what one has but with belief in what one can do with whatever resources one can muster” (Bandura, 2007, p. 6).
  • Bandura has noted that slightly elevated efficacy can have a bigger impact on subsequent performance. Overestimating one’s capabilities to produce a behavior and outcome may boost performance and give rise to motivation to persist in face of obstacles and seatback, while the opposite is true for underestimating one’s capabilities, which may suppress productive goals, persistence and effort (Bandura, 2007). Thus there is an important connection between self-efficacy, effort, and subsequent performance.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 19 Jul 12
       
      This has implications for course attrition rates.
  • Positive psychological and emotional states in the aftermath of successful execution of certain academic behaviors naturally lead to sense of competence and subsequently results in enhanced sense of efficacy.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 19 Jul 12
       
      This is the "feeling of satsfaction" Lisa Martin referred to in her Module 3 posts on social presence.
  • We suggest here that elements within the CoI framework may serve as mechanisms for supporting self-efficacy. Specifically we conjecture that effective teaching presence and positive social presence should serve as sources of social persuasion and positive affect supportive of self-efficacy.
  • (Bandura, 1997). These and other studies have suggested that self-efficacy has a substantial role in predicting student engagement, motivation and performance ( [Bong, 2004], [Caraway et al., 2003], [Chemers et al., 2001], [Choi, 2005], [Smith et al., 2001] and [Vrugt et al., 2002]).
  • The participants in the study were a random sample of 3165 students from 42 two- and four-year institutions in New York State.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 19 Jul 12
       
      SLN? See how many things you can learn with one really great data set?
  • Gaining knowledge about the reasons for learning and achievement of online students has attracted a great deal of attention among both researchers and practitioners. Understanding the factors that have an influence on the success of online education has significant implications for designing productive online communities.
  • Reviewing studies that investigated elements of online learner self-regulation
  • This ongoing project to document all instances of teaching, social, and cognitive presence in complete online courses also resulted in identification of learner discourse that did not fit within the model, i.e. could not be reliably coded as indicators of teaching, social, or cognitive presence ( [Shea, 2010] and [Shea et al., 2010]).
  • Additional work on the CoI model (Shea, Vickers, & Hayes, 2010) suggested that past research methods may have resulted in a systematic under representation of the instructional effort involved in online education.
  • These exceptions represent interesting data for refining and enhancing the model as they suggest that learners are attempting to accomplish goals that are not accounted for within the CoI framework.
  • In this paper we examine the Community of Inquiry framework (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2000) suggesting that the model may be enhanced through a fuller articulation of the roles of online learners. We present the results of a study of 3165 students in online and hybrid courses from 42 two- and four-year institutions in which we examine the relationship between learner self-efficacy measures and their ratings of the quality of their learning in virtual environments. We conclude that a positive relationship exists between elements of the CoI framework and between elements of a nascent theoretical construct that we label “learning presence”. We suggest that learning presence represents elements such as self-efficacy as well as other cognitive, behavioral, and motivational constructs supportive of online learner self-regulation.
  • the CoI framework attempts to articulate the social, technological, and pedagogical processes that engender collaborative knowledge construction. It therefore represents an effort to resolve the greatest challenge to the quality of online education
  • Learner discussions also included efforts to divide up tasks, manage time, and set goals in order to successfully complete group projects. As such they appeared to be indicators of online learner self and co-regulation, which can be viewed as the degree to which students in collaborative online educational environments are metacognitively, motivationally, and behaviorally active participants in the learning process (Winters & Azevedo, 2005).
  • the authors concluded that all the studies converged on advantageous outcomes for providing support for “metacognitive” learning strategies including self-reflection, self-explanation, and self-monitoring.
  • successfully orchestrating a dialogue demands fairly sophisticated skills. Conversational contributions need to be simultaneously parsed according to their disciplinary value, their location within the chain of collective argumentation, their relevance to the instructional goals, and their role as indicators of the student’s ongoing understanding. The outcome of this complex appraisal is a sense of the amount and quality of the guidance that specific contributions and the conversation as a whole require to support learning.” (Larreamendy-Joerns & Leinhardt, p. 591)
  • Zhao et al. also concluded that studies in which instructor interaction with students was medium to high resulted in better learning outcomes for online students relative to classroom learners.
  • Catherine Strattner on 18 Jul 12
     
    This article also addresses the relationships between each of the presences and proposes an additional presence- Learner Presence.
diane hamilton

NERA_SRL_Artino_final.pdf (application/pdf Object) - 0 views

www.tne.uconn.edu/...NERA_SRL_Artino_final.pdf

learning self-regulated

shared by diane hamilton on 20 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • diane hamilton on 20 Jul 12
     
    self regulated learning - self-efficacy and task value as they relate to elaboration, critical thinking, and metacognition
Maria Guadron

Heutagogy & The Craft of Teaching - 1 views

www.slideshare.net/...eutagogy-the-craft-of-teaching

Heutagogy andragogy pedagogy learning

shared by Maria Guadron on 14 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Maria Guadron on 14 Jun 12
     
    Garnett places pedagogy at the cognitive level, andragogy at the metacognitive level, and heutagogy at the epistemic level.
Danielle Melia

EBSCOhost: The Relationship between Flexible and Self-Regulated Learning in Open and D... - 0 views

ehis.ebscohost.com.libproxy.albany.edu/...detail

interaction courses online education teaching learning

shared by Danielle Melia on 18 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Danielle Melia on 18 Jun 12
     
    Flexibility in learning provides a student room for volitional control and an array of strategies and encourages persistence in the face of difficulties. Autonomy in and control over one's learning process can be seen as a condition for self-regulated learning. There are a number of categories and dimensions for flexible learning; following professional publications, time, location, lesson content, pedagogy method, learning style, organization, and course requirements are all elements to consider. Using these categories and the dimensions of flexible learning, we developed and validated a questionnaire for an open and distance learning setting. This article reports on the results from a study investigating the relationship between flexible learning and self-regulated learning strategies. The results show the positive effects of flexible learning and its three factors, time management, teacher contact, and content, on self-regulated learning strategies (cognitive, metacognitive, and resource-based). Groups that have high flexibility in learning indicate that they use more learning strategies than groups with low flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Joy Quah Yien-ling

Framework: 16 Habits of Mind by Costa and Kallick - 0 views

download.intel.com/...Thinking_Habits.pdf

attitude thinking habits of mind

shared by Joy Quah Yien-ling on 15 Jul 10 - No Cached
  • Joy Quah Yien-ling on 15 Jul 10
     
    1. Persistence 2. Managing Impulsivity 3. Listening to Others with Understanding and Empathy 4. Thinking Flexibly 5. Metacognition 6. Striving for Accuracy and Precision 7. Questioning and Posing Problems 8. Applying Past Knowledge to New Situations 9. Thinking and Communicating with Clarity and Precision 10. Gathering Data through All Senses 11. Creating, Imagining, and Innovating 12. Responding with Wonderment and Awe 13. Taking Responsible Risks 14. Finding Humor 15. Thinking Interdependently 16. Learning Continuously
Maree Michaud-Sacks

COGNITIVE PRESENCE F OR EFFECTIVE ASYNCHRONOUS ONLINE LEARNING - 0 views

cguevara.commons.gc.cuny.edu/...fectiveness-paper-Garrison.pdf

online learning cognitive presence

shared by Maree Michaud-Sacks on 15 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Maree Michaud-Sacks on 27 Jun 13
     
    discusses how to add cognitive presence through reflective inquiry, self direction, and metacognition
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