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b malczyk

Paulo Freire and informal education - 0 views

www.infed.org/...et-freir.htm

freire education

shared by b malczyk on 01 Jun 12 - Cached
  • emphasis on dialogue
  • informal education is a dialogical (or conversational) rather than a curricula
  • should not involve one person acting on another, but rather people working with each other. Too much education, Paulo Freire argues, involves 'banking' - the educator making 'deposits' in the educatee.
    • b malczyk
      b malczyk on 01 Jun 12
       
      This is in line with our module reading that describes knowledge as being joint constrcuted rather than a top down approach where an expert or textbook guide the instruction.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • action that is informed (and linked to certain values).
  • enhancing community and building social capital and to leading us to act in ways that make for justice and human flourishing.
    • b malczyk
      b malczyk on 01 Jun 12
       
      This is comprable to Brown and Adler's learning to be rather than simlpy learning to know
  • great significance to those educators who have traditionally worked with those who do not have a voice, and who are oppressed.
  • developing consciousness, but consciousness that is understood to have the power to transform reality'
  • b malczyk on 01 Jun 12
     
    Description of Paulo Freire and his work. He was an influential educator and sought to use education as a means of helping individuals develop a critical consciousness about their life situations. His work was geared towards groups who were oppressed and lacked opportunities.His most famous work was a book titled "Pedagogy of the Oppressed."
Diane Gusa

A dialogic approach to online facilitation - 0 views

www.ascilite.org.au/...swann.html

online facilitation collaborative community caring dialogue

shared by Diane Gusa on 29 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Social construction of understanding has long been a significant underlying principle of learning and teaching
  • Learning through dialogue with others has a long history.
  • main themes of learning theory
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • cognition is situated in particular social contexts (Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989; Lave & Wenger, 1991); knowing is distributed across groups (Cole, 1991; Perkins, 1993); and learning takes place in communities (Lipman, 2003; Scardemalia & Bereiter, 1996; Wenger, 1998).
  • "a space where conversation can occur
  • the integration of concrete experience and abstract thought; the integration of reflection and action; the spiral nature of these two; the relationship between separate and connected knowing; and the balance between collaboration and leadership.
  • The learning process must be constituted as a dialogue between tutor and student" (1993, p. 94)
  • Community of Practice and Community of Inquiry theory
  • The Community of Inquiry model is based not on the Community of Practice model but, at least in part, on Lipman's work with children (2003) in which "tutor and children collaborate with each other to grow in understanding, not only of the material world, but also of the personal and ethical world around them" (Wegerif, 2007, p. 139)
  • Although reflective dialogue has strong connections with Lipman's notion of multidimensional thinking, in that reflection allows synthesis, there may be difficulties with the use of this term as it has been used elsewhere with different connotations (Brookfield, 1995; Schon, 1983).
  • Yet students often find this kind of thinking difficult to express when they are learning something new, perhaps because emerging ideas are very vulnerable to criticism
  • the dialogic space is broadened to include other types of dialogue which contribute to the development of understanding yet which are easier for students to express. Creative dialogue opens up a reflective space in which issues can be explored with encouragement and trust.
  • Another technique is "thought shower" - similar to but perhaps less intense than brainstorming - in which even implicit judgement is suspended. Creative thinking, or dialogue, is not the same as creativity, which is often associated with art and design, yet it appears to have an important role in discovery
  • A third aspect of this reflective space is caring dialogue,
  • each of the participants really has in mind the other or others in their present and particular being, and turns to them with the intention of establishing a living mutual relation between himself and them."
  • Buber calls this intersubjectivity
  • The focus is on listening and understanding (Bakhtin, 1986), or reading and understanding in an asynchronous online environment
  • Caring thinking also includes caring about the topic or subject (Lipman, 2003, p. 262), which Sharp (2004) calls pedagogic caring,
  • Identifying (information responsive): Students explore the knowledge base of the discipline in response to questions or lines of inquiry framed by teachers ("What is the existing answer to, or current state of knowledge on, this question?") Pursuing (information active): Students explore a knowledge base by pursuing their own questions and lines of inquiry ("What is the existing answer to, or current state of knowledge on, my question?") Producing (discovery responsive): Students pursue open questions or lines of inquiry, framed by tutors or clients, in interaction with a knowledge base ("How can I answer this open question?") Authoring (discovery active): Students pursue their own open questions and lines of inquiry, in interaction with a knowledge base ("How can I answer my open question?") (Levy, 2009).
  • Diane Gusa on 29 Jul 11
     
    AJET 26(1) Swann (2010) - another approach to think about for my discussion forum.
Maree Michaud-Sacks

Constructivism | Funderstanding - 0 views

www.funderstanding.com/...constructivism

constructivism

shared by Maree Michaud-Sacks on 30 May 13 - No Cached
  • The purpose of learning is for an individual to construct his or her own meaning, not just memorize the “right” answers and regurgitate someone else’s meaning.
    • Maree Michaud-Sacks
      Maree Michaud-Sacks on 30 May 13
       
      We can shift the learning from "teacher centered" to "student centered". I see too many students who memorize the facts to regurgitate on an exam, rather than working towards understanding the information.
  • Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in
    • Maree Michaud-Sacks
      Maree Michaud-Sacks on 30 May 13
       
      Rationale for adding discussion to an online course? Through discussion a learner can construct personal meaning from new concepts.
  • Teachers also rely heavily on open-ended questions and promote extensive dialogue among students.
    • Maree Michaud-Sacks
      Maree Michaud-Sacks on 30 May 13
       
      Open ended questions allows for learners to connect their experience to the concepts and explore what it means to each individual. Dialog between students encourages furthering of the conversation and adds new ideas and information to the discussion.
alexandra m. pickett

ETAP640amp2012: How do they do it in their online courses? - 0 views

ualbany.mrooms.net/...discuss.php

shared by alexandra m. pickett on 22 Jul 12 - No Cached
  • Communicative Real-time chat, e-mail exchange, discussion lists (Warschauer, 1997), use of speech recognition-based dialog systems (Luperfoy, 1998) Sociolinguistic Task-based, problem-solving, and role-playing activities that address sociolinguistic differences between native and target languages, and that could involve real-time chat, e-mail exchange, discussion lists (Chun, 1994) Strategic Task-based, problem-solving, and role-playing activities that require learners to achieve specific goals (e.g., persuading, self-correcting, negotiating a desired outcome); these could involve real-time chat, e-mail exchange, and discussion lists
    • alexandra m. pickett
      alexandra m. pickett on 22 Jul 12
       
      LOVE this!!!
Irene Watts-Politza

Teachers' Invisible Presence in Net-based Distance Education | Hult | The International... - 0 views

www.irrodl.org/...838

distance education teachers university research teacher presence

shared by Irene Watts-Politza on 07 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • The stance taken in this paper, then, is constructivist – that conversation is learning in the making.
  • Any conversation, that is, draws on heteroglossia (Bakhtin’s neologism) – pools of different ideas whose elements, when exchanged, foster learning. According to Bakhtin, every utterance has a double significance. It is an expression of a 'unitary [common] language' used to conduct the conversation and, at the same time, it builds on the 'social and historical' differences embedded in the heteroglossia (1981, p. 272).
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 07 Jun 12
       
      This is what happens in a discussion thread.
  • Yuri Lotman,
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • described conversations as multi-authored texts rather than as multi-voiced heteroglossia (see Bakhtin, 1994,
  • texts “fulfill at least two basic functions:
  • fulfilled best when the codes of the speaker and the listener most completely coincide and, consequently, when the text has the maximum degree of univocality” (1988, p. 34). The generation of new meanings occurs when there are differences between the speaker and the listener. Texts used in educational exchanges cease:
  • online adult education is not the delivery of texts but, rather, the creation and insertion of ‘thinking devices’ into conversation.
  • For this article we have concentrated on teacher and student views of teachers’ role orientations in online courses.
  • our intention has been to identify and clarify teaching ‘saliences’ that have emerged in online adult education in Sweden. In a wider sense, however, our analysis is also a response to the question: ‘Whatever happened to teaching in the learning society?’
  • the posting data support the claim that the teachers adopted an initiating role.
  • Greater activity:
  • Greater influence on topic:
  • Faster response times:
  • When asked about their views, all students felt that teachers played a central role in supporting Net-based learning. Indeed, some of them suggested that moderation in online settings of adult education is more important than in face-to-face settings.
  • Orientations to Teaching
  • Activity Orientation
  • In this perspective, teachers gave students tasks that activated them and, thereby, fostered their understanding of subject matter.
  • offered students tips about articles, books and Internet sites
  • Some students spoke about being activated by stimulating tasks that led them to engage with the Web and libraries, with one of them adding ‘seeking by your self is a pre-condition for learning.’ Active searching also meant that students came into contact with information which extended their learning beyond the task itself.
  • None of the teachers, however, was entirely satisfied with their dialogic or conference practice. Levels of engagement, dialogue, and initiative-taking were not as high as they had hoped. In response, they tried to promote conversation by encouraging students to react to each other’s postings, by organising tasks where cooperation and interaction was needed, or by introducing new aspects and questions when discussion faltered.
  • Further, teachers reported that they also tried to act as models of good behaviour by giving swift replies to student postings and by making their own postings appropriate yet concise.
  • In contrast to the teachers most of the student group were satisfied with the course conversations.
  • A few
  • felt that sharing different aspects of the subject matter with the teacher and fellow students raised fresh questions. It made them reach beyond the book, evoking learning and thinking along new pathways. Even if they thought that well-chosen tasks were the most effective way of fostering dialogue, they also expected the course leader to participate fully, developing new themes if student postings declined, and remaining alert to student proposals that might enhance the interchange of ideas and knowledge.
  • Many students emphasised the importance of teaching that corroborated or validated their learning.
  • None of the teachers, however, spontaneously offered this view as their primary role or orientation. Nevertheless, when asked whether they had any correspondence with students through private mailboxes rather than ‘conferences’ and ‘cafes,’ some of them said that they occasionally responded privately to correct misinterpretations.
  • This task raises many questions about teaching, highlighting the difference, for example, between instructionist and constructionist paradigms for learning (Wilensky, 1991). Would a too well-planned course be instructionist, thus constraining student influence and the pursuit of democracy? In their postings, teachers in this study felt that there was no necessary contradiction – that well-planned courses could, indeed, strengthen student influence. Nevertheless, busy distance education students, according to the teachers, often appreciate instructionist courses with clearly stated activities and tasks, even if the students are left with limited opportunities to ‘construct their own relationships with the objects of knowledge’ (Wilensky, 1991, p. 202).
  • Teacher’s invisible presence is exemplified in taking a stand-by role and/ or being reluctant to intervene. ‘The [teachers’] silence should be deafening,’ one teacher recommended. Although most of the teachers agreed that well-planned courses do not inhibit course dialogue, the fact that in their own online course deliberations they set aside time to discuss this issue may reflect ambivalence in their stance. The question of when and how teachers should intervene remains impossible to resolve, except in practice.
  • three different aspects of teaching,
  • a second conclusion – that the promotion of learning in an open environment requires an animating or steering presence. Such teaching, however, is not a process of instruction. And for this reason the word teacher may no longer be appropriate. In English, the word tutor is commonly used in adult education, because it has connotations of ‘supervision’ and ‘guardianship’ as well as ‘instruction’ (see Oxford English Dictionary). More recently, Salmon has suggested ‘e-moderating,’ but even moderation carries instructionist connotations – to exercise a controlling influence over; to regulate, restrain, control, rule (OED) – that may not be appropriate to all forms of liberal education. In the context of mainland Europe, the word pedagogue may be appropriate since, etymologically, pedagogue denotes someone engaged in 'drawing out.'
  • Intellectual development, however, can be an intra- as well as an inter-personal phenomenon. That is, learning may not come directly from teachers but rather from their absent or invisible presence. Online pedagogues, therefore, can be present in different ways. They may be present in person, participating in learning conversations. They may constitute an absent presence that, nonetheless, is embodied in the learning resources directed towards students (e.g., the selected readings or activities). Or pedagogues may exist merely as inner voices, inherited from the language of others, that (invisibly) steer the desires, self-regulation, and self-direction of learners. Indeed, this last pedagogic position ‘auto-didacticism,’ has always been central to the post-Enlightenment ideals of liberal adult education.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 07 Jun 12
       
      Here's the money.
  • Irene Watts-Politza on 07 Jun 12
     
    Swedish study of university student and professor attitudes toward satisfaction with and definition of teacher presence in online adult learning. Implications for course design with respect to knowing one's audience.
Irene Watts-Politza

Reflections on Online Teaching - Diane Hamilton - 3 views

dianehamilton.edublogs.org

shared by Irene Watts-Politza on 27 May 12 - No Cached
  • maybe even a little less nervous. 
    • alexandra m. pickett
      alexandra m. pickett on 27 May 12
       
      you are doing a great job so far! : )
    • diane hamilton
      diane hamilton on 27 May 12
       
      Thanks!
  • The rubric does allow for that, but there is a strong sense that some of these dialogic purposes are not as highly valued as others, but I value them all as essential components to class community.
    • alexandra m. pickett
      alexandra m. pickett on 12 Jun 12
       
      Not at all. personal opinion, experiences and social presence and support ARE essential in building trust and the sense of a class community. That is why they we have class community areas for interaction in the course and why they are in the rubric. It is, however, important to understand that the discussion can't consist only of those types of posts. And high quality posts are what we need to strive for in the discussion areas of the cousre. The rubric is a device to clarify- to give students informed choice and guidance, and to elevate the quality of interactions. "2" points is not bad. it simply indicates the kind of post that it is. you can post as many "1" point posts as you like - that is not wrong - but, you also need to contribute to the quality of the discussion and learning and to do that you need to aim higher than social and personal experience/opinion type posts.
  • I believe students can have teaching presence within a course when the nature of their interactions helps others to think more deeply or to look at something from an alternate viewpoint.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • (even caused me to consider dropping
    • alexandra m. pickett
      alexandra m. pickett on 12 Jun 12
       
      i am so glad you didn't : )
  • conversational tone she is requesting we use.
    • alexandra m. pickett
      alexandra m. pickett on 25 Jun 12
       
      hey diane: don't misunderstand. I use a conversational tone becuase that is my style. my choice. That may not be right for you. I want you to find your own voice. Interestingly enough in my opinion, you have one, and it is strong : )
    • diane hamilton
      diane hamilton on 27 Jun 12
       
      Hi Alex, Thanks for this notation. Now, I am curious though - what kind of voice do I project to you? Diane
  • I keep trying to understand why it’s been repeated
    • alexandra m. pickett
      alexandra m. pickett on 25 Jun 12
       
      the problem is that not every student reads every document. you would be surprised. That said, there are lots of ways to address this. It is certainly easier to not be redundant. Less to update. Less documentation. If you go this route, just make sure that you always link back to the documentation where the information is posted. : ) me
  • Maybe that’s the point.  Maybe I don’t need to know everything well, just the things I need in the moment. 
  • I have however come to realize that I need to ask my own questions and pursue them, go on a QUEST to find answers, to locate research and ideas that relate to my own burning wonderings.  There is a QUEST in every QUESTion!
  • It’s really difficult to flesh out, and it’s kind of foreign to me to be sharing these behind the scenes thoughts….
    • Maria Guadron
      Maria Guadron on 29 Jul 12
       
      Great screencast, Diane! What a wonderful way to add social presence and direct instruction
    • diane hamilton
      diane hamilton on 29 Jul 12
       
      Thanks!
    • Catherine Strattner
      Catherine Strattner on 30 Jul 12
       
      I would like to echo Maria! Thinking about doing this in my course as well- thank you for the inspiration!
    • Lauren D
      Lauren D on 31 Jul 12
       
      Great idea with the screencast!
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 17 Aug 12
       
      This is often how I felt. I attribute it to first-time online learning curve. Do you think you will be more comfortable in the role of instructor in discussion forum? I do.
    • diane hamilton
      diane hamilton on 17 Aug 12
       
      Yes, I do. I usually feel quite comfortable in that sort of role, but I also think I will have to be sure to promote a horizontal relationship within discussions so students don't shut down or defer to me. I want them to think,explore, and construct without pressure to give me the answer they think I want.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 17 Aug 12
       
      Shea proposes "learner presence" ... http://www.slideshare.net/alexandrapickett/learning-presencecs2 Can you propose and research Course Presence?
    • diane hamilton
      diane hamilton on 17 Aug 12
       
      Interesting....
Melissa Pietricola

Active/Cooperative Learning - 0 views

www.foundationcoalition.org/...collaborative_learning.html

cooperative education

shared by Melissa Pietricola on 27 Jun 10 - Cached
  • "When using active learning students are engaged in more activities than just listening. They are involved in dialog, debate, writing, and problem solving, as well as higher-order thinking, e.g., analysis, synthesis, evaluation."
Diane Gusa

Michael Polanyi and tacit knowledge - 0 views

www.infed.org/...polanyi.htm

polanyi philosophy learning knowledge 4

shared by Diane Gusa on 04 Jul 11 - Cached
  • Central to Michael Polanyi's thinking was the belief that creative acts (especially acts of discovery) are shot-through or charged with strong personal feelings and commitments (hence the title of his most famous work Personal Knowledge).
  • Polanyi's argument was that the informed guesses, hunches and imaginings that are part of exploratory acts are motivated by what he describes as 'passions'.
  • 'we can know more than we can tell
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Michael Polanyi placed a strong emphasis on dialogue within an open community
  • pre-logical phase of knowing as 'tacit knowledge
  • Perhaps the strongest echo of his work that we encounter as educators comes through the work of Donald Schön and Chris Argyris on knowing in action, and in Eisner's consistent arguments for connoisseurship and criticism in evaluation.
  • By paying attention to Polanyi's conception of the  tacit dimension we can begin to make sense of the place of intuition and hunches in informal education practice - and how we can come a better understanding of what might be going on in different situations
  • praxis (informed, committed actions) that stand at the heart of informal education.
efleonhardt

Rubrics as Effective Learning and Assessment Tools Laura Baker - 1 views

faculty.mwsu.edu/...rubrics.htm

rubrics assessment tools collaboration

shared by efleonhardt on 07 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • measurable criteria that can be counted or marked as present or not present in the work that is being evaluated. 
  • This allows the rubric to be used as an ongoing dialog between the teacher and student and allows the student to know when each criterion has been met and then make improvements as needed. (Lockett, 2001)
  • Although allowing student involvement in creating rubrics is time consuming, by allowing students a voice in creating their own rubric, the students have more ownership over their own learning and evaluation.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • will be easier for the students to understand due to the fact that the students are the ones supplying the language for the criteria
  • when there is a wide range of variation between quality work and work that is not yet proficient.
  • writing assignments, use of scientific inquiry, problem solving, performance based learning, and presentations
  • that teachers scoring the same set of papers using the same rubric have a correlation value beyond 0.80
  • Students should be given rubrics at the beginning of an assignment because rubrics not only are valuable to teachers because they help in more consistent grading, but are helpful to students as well. 
  • Holistic rubrics are quicker to use than analytical rubrics because holistic rubrics don’t break down the task.
  • better diagnostic information and provide students more feedback about how to make his or her work better
  • Analytical rubrics, on the other hand, break down the final project into parts
  • empowered to take more responsibility for their own learning.
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