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Anne Bubnic

Messaging Shakespeare | Classroom Examples | - 0 views

www.netc.org/...messag.php

ad4dcss 21st century learning best practices cellphone text messaging

shared by Anne Bubnic on 18 Aug 08 - Cached
  • Brown's class was discussing some of the whaling calculations in Moby Dick. When one student asked a question involving a complex computation, three students quickly pulled out their cell phones and did the math. Brown was surprised to learn that most cell phones have a built-in calculator. She was even more surprised at how literate her students were with the many functions included in their phones. She took a quick poll and found that all her students either had a cell phone or easy access to one. In fact, students became genuinely engaged in a class discussion about phone features. This got Brown thinking about how she might incorporate this technology into learning activities.
  • Brown noticed that many students used text messaging to communicate, and considered how she might use cell phones in summarizing and analyzing text to help her students better understand Richard III. Effective summarizing is one of the most powerful skills students can cultivate. It provides students with tools for identifying the most important aspects of what they are learning, especially when teachers use a frame of reference (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001). Summarizing helps students identify critical information. Research shows gains in reading comprehension when students learn how to incorporate isummary framesi (series of questions designed to highlight critical passages) as a tool for summarizing (Meyer & Freedle, 1984). When students use this strategy, they are better able to understand what they are reading, identify key information, and provide a summary that helps them retain the information (Armbruster, Anderson, & Ostertag, 1987).
  • Text messaging is a real-world example of summarizing—to communicate information in a few words the user must identify key ideas. Brown saw that she could use a technique students had already mastered, within the context of literature study.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • To manage the learning project, Brown asked a tech-savvy colleague to help her build a simple weblog. Once it was set up, it took Brown and her students 10 minutes in the school's computer lab to learn how to post entries. The weblog was intentionally basic. The only entries were selected passages from text of Richard III and Brown's six narrative-framing questions. Her questions deliberately focused students' attention on key passages. If students could understand these passages well enough to summarize them, Brown knew that their comprehension of the play would increase.
  • Brown told students to use their phones or e-mail to send text messages to fellow group members of their responses to the first six questions of the narrative frame. Once this was completed, groups met to discuss the seventh question, regarding the resolution for each section of the text. Brown told them to post this group answer on the weblog.
  • Anne Bubnic on 18 Aug 08
     
    Summarizing complex texts using cell phones increases understanding.
Anne Bubnic

Bullied student gets $260,000 from families of bullies and school district - 4 views

www.nsba.org/...Bullied-student.aspx

ad4dcss cyberbullying parents cybersafety digital law digital citizenship

shared by Anne Bubnic on 12 Nov 09 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 12 Nov 09
     
    According to the Bakersfield Californian, a Stockdale High School student, who was physically assaulted by five older students, has settled his suit against the Kern High School District, the students who committed the assault and two other students for $260,000. The case illustrates the degree to which students and their parents can be held financially accountable in bullying cases. It also shows that students can be held financially responsible even if they are witnesses or simply know about such incidents, but don't tell authorities.
Anne Bubnic

Implications for teachers who socialize with students online - 1 views

cyberbullying.us/blog

ad4dcss digital citizenship social networking teachers students school

shared by Anne Bubnic on 24 Mar 10 - Cached
  • Always exercise extreme care when communicating online with students and if at all possible, avoid socializing. These measures, along with district policy that preempts the possibility of inappropriate relationships developing online between staff and students, seems the best way to go.
  • Anne Bubnic on 24 Mar 10
     
    Significant concerns raised about student-teacher intractions in a social media environment, including the issue that students flirt. Relatedly, anything performed online by a public school employee - including information and images posted on social networking sites - will be used to judge the character of that individual. There is also the concern that the friends of the staff member may post unflattering information or tag inappropriate images of them which will quickly be used to prompt one major question: "Is this the kind of person we trust to be responsible for our children?"
Anne Bubnic

Digital Underground Storytelling For Youth - 0 views

oaklanddusty.org/videos.php

ad4dcss best practices digital access digital communication digital media digital youth video

shared by Anne Bubnic on 06 Aug 08 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 06 Aug 08
     
    Student -created videos telling powerful stories!! D.U.S.T.Y. is an afterschool program for middle and high school Students in Oakland, CA. DUSTY Students work on computers to create their own Digital Stories, as well at to generate rap and hip hop "beats and rhymes." Throughout the creative process, Students learn to master programs such as Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Premiere, iMovie, and Fruity Loops with the help of skilled instructors. At the end of each semester, the Students' creative masterpieces, including digital stories, raps, beats, and performances are showcased in some sort of final event at The Parkway Theatre, The Metro, and other local venues.

  • Anne Bubnic on 06 Aug 08
     
    In this information technology age, children and youth in West and East Oakland face the additional disadvantage of a digital divide, which separates ethnicities, socio-economic classes, genders, and ages. Youth from low-income communities rarely have access to cutting edge communication technologies or, just as importantly, to empowering uses of them. A comparison between the number of computers per Oakland school with the schools' statewide academic performance ranking, or API, revealed that some schools with high numbers of computers have very low API's. This discrepancy suggests that simply having technology is not enough; rather, to improve student academic outcomes, technology must be meaningfully used.
Anne Bubnic

Student Bashes Administrators, Gets Disciplined - 0 views

www.districtadministration.com/viewarticle.aspx

ad4dcss blog cyberbullying legal school administrator student discipline

shared by Anne Bubnic on 05 Sep 08 - Cached
  • According to Doninger, the principal told her that Jamfest was cancelled because of the students’ action. The principal denied saying that. That evening, Doninger posted an entry on her personal blog in which she noted that Jamfest had been cancelled, referred to the district administrators as “douchebags,” and encouraged continued contact with the superintendent to “piss her off more.” The following day the event was rescheduled. Sometime later school officials
  • The appeals court found that it was reasonably foreseeable that Doninger’s posting would reach campus and that the posting created a foreseeable risk of substantial disruption within the school environment because the language used was offensive. It likely disrupted efforts to resolve the controversy, and the posting that Jamfest had been cancelled made it foreseeable that school operations might well be disrupted further.
  • There was no evidence of any disruption at school. The only disruption was to the principal and superintendent in responding to what was an impressive response to the student’s call for complaints. There was no indication in the record that the disruption interfered in any way with the delivery of instruction or in any way impacted student welfare. If administrators are not being appropriately sensitive to the interests of students or are engaging in other actions that cause concern, students clearly should have the free speech right to protest and to call for other students and community members to register their complaints. Inconveniencing school administrators under such circumstances should not be considered to constitute substantial disruption.
  • Anne Bubnic on 05 Sep 08
     
    A court case upholds administrators' rights to discipline a student who used derogatory language on a blog, but questions arise. In Doninger v. Niehoff, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled in May that a Connecticut school district that disciplined a student for vulgar and derogatory remarks made off-campus did not violate her free speech rights.
Lorna Costantini

Free speech vs. class disruption - 0 views

seattlepi.nwsource.com/...316618_youtube22.html

ad4dcss cyberbullying digital responsibilities teachers

shared by Lorna Costantini on 28 Apr 08 - Cached
  • Lorna Costantini on 28 Apr 08
     
    A court case from May 2007. It was a sophomoric online video criticizing the hygiene of a teacher. Is suspension a violation of the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech?

    UPDATE: In a federal court session on May 23, 2007, U.S. District Judge Marsha Pechman turned down the request of Gregory Requa, 18, to grant a temporary restraining order ending the 40-day suspension. "The court has no difficulty in concluding that one student filming another student standing behind a teacher making 'rabbit ears' and pelvic thrusts in her direction, or a student filming the buttocks of a teacher as she bends over in the classroom, constitutes a material and substantial disruption to the work and discipline of the school. "The 'work and discipline of the school' includes the maintenance of a civil and respectful atmosphere toward teachers and students alike -- demeaning, derogatory, sexually suggestive behavior toward an unsuspecting teacher in a classroom poses a disruption of that mission whenever it occurs.
  • Lorna Costantini on 28 Apr 08
     
    Bullying by students - filming teacher in the classroom - targeting a teacher and posting on YouTube ensuing court case about the accountability of the Kent School Board for making a decision on punishing a student using unsigned, unsworn statements from anonymous students
Anne Bubnic

Cyber Bullying - School Policies? - 0 views

www.asbj.com/...Cyber-Bullying.aspx

AUP ad4dcss cyberbullying school board

shared by Anne Bubnic on 09 Apr 09 - Cached
  • A punch in the eye seems so passé. Bullies these days are traveling in packs and using cyberspace to their humiliating messages online. Like the toughies of old, they are both boys and girls and they demand nothing less than total submission as the price of peace. It’s a jungle out there. For school districts, patrolling the hallways and adjacent grounds is just a start. In the 21st century, a new kind of vigilance is necessary—an expanded jurisdiction that serves to both stave off legal actions and ensure a safe and productive learning environment.
  • Today’s principals rely on district policy and practice to extend the presumed long arm of the law to off-campus incidents. Potentially, that could mean plunging headlong into the electronic frontier to rescue student victims and thwart cyberbullying classmates who thrive as faceless computer culprits.
  • A December 2009 study by Harvard University’s Berkman Center for Internet & Society found that students on the receiving end report greater emotional distress, are more likely to abuse substances, and are more frequently depressed.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The report concluded a child is more likely to face cyberbullying by fellow students than being stalked by an online predator. “Bullying and harassment are the most frequent threats minors face, both online and offline,” notes the Harvard report, Enhancing Child Safety & Online Technologies: Final Report of the Internet Safety Task Force to the Multistate Working Group on Social Networking of State Attorneys General of the United States.
  • Bullying can take a variety of forms. Incidents have included stealing passwords, impersonating the victim online, fake MySpace or Facebook pages, embarrassing photos or information being revealed, threats, rumors, and more. And, bullying tends to magnify the longer it exists.
  • Students sometimes will cyberbully teachers or other school employees
  • In January, a federal court in Connecticut ruled that Regional District 10 was within its rights to discipline a student over an off-campus blog. Judge Mark Kravitz rejected Avery Doninger’s claim that the school violated her free speech rights when they refused to let her serve as class secretary or to speak at graduation because of words she wrote at home
  • According to the Hartford Courant, the school district won “because the discipline involved participation in a voluntary extracurricular activity, because schools could punish vulgar, off-campus speech if it posed a reasonably foreseeable risk of coming onto school property, and because Doninger’s live journal post was vulgar, misleading, and created the risk of substantial disruption at school.”
  • In Florida, a high school senior and honor student was accused of cyberbullying after she wrote on Facebook: ‘’Ms. Sarah Phelps is the worst teacher I’ve ever met! To those select students who have had the displeasure of having Ms. Sarah Phelps, or simply knowing her and her insane antics: Here is the place to express your feelings of hatred.’’ Katherine Evans, who was suspended for “bullying and cyberbullying harassment toward a staff member,” sued the charter school in December 2008. A final ruling is pending.
  • In a 2007 incident, 19 students were suspended at a Catholic high school near Toronto for cyberbullying a principal on Facebook. The students called the principal a “Grinch of School Spirit” and made vulgar and derogatory comments. While the U.S. Constitution does not necessarily apply in private school settings, the incident demonstrates that this kind of behavior can happen anywhere.
  • Districts should have a cyberbullying policy that takes into account the school’s values as well as the school’s ability to legally link off-campus actions with what is happening or could happen at school.
  • Anne Bubnic on 09 Apr 09
     
    Good article from AMERICAN SCHOOL on the policies that schools need to have in place to protect both students and teachers from cyberbullies.
Judy Echeandia

Facebook, Cell Phones, & iPods: Updating The K-12 Student Handbook - 0 views

www.pbconferences.com/...p0e

21st century learning ad4dcss cybersafety social networking

shared by Judy Echeandia on 18 Jun 09 - Cached
  • Judy Echeandia on 18 Jun 09
     
    Today's students live in an incredibly high tech world- from cell phones to Facebook to YouTube to iPods- K-12 schools are faced with a multitude of new challenges that must be addressed in your student handbook. How can you restructure your student handbook to include the potential issues that may arise as a result of students' increased use of these technologies? Join us for a live, 60-minute audio conference where you and your colleagues will learn:
    * Keys to Drafting K-12 Handbook Policies for Today's students
    * Online Use Policies: Facebook, MySpace & Online Communities
    * Crafting Guidelines & Policies for Cell Phone & iPod Use at School
    * Protecting Your School from Liability: What You Need to Know
    * Cyberbullying & Technology Misconduct: What Educators Must Know
Anne Bubnic

Dealing with the digital divide - 0 views

pittsburgh.bizjournals.com/...focus1.html

21st century learning ad4dcss digital communication digital youth

shared by Anne Bubnic on 19 Aug 08 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 19 Aug 08
     
    Just before midnight, an eMail popped into Robert Morris University professor Chris Davis' eMail box. It was from a student. When the student did not receive an immediate reply, another eMail arrived 30 minutes later. By the time Davis logged on the following morning, he had four eMails from this student. "A lot of our younger students using technology are used to that instant gratification when they reach out and ping somebody," Davis said. "But I tell students I'm not available 24 hours a day."
Anne Bubnic

MySpace lecture generates outrage - 0 views

www.coloradoan.com/...article

ad4dcss article cyberbullying cyberpredator myspace

shared by Anne Bubnic on 25 Aug 08 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 25 Aug 08
     
    Students and parents at Windsor High School are outraged after a Wyoming police officer doing a presentation on Internet safety scrutinized individual Students' MySpace pages, calling the Students' pictures "slutty" and saying their sites invited sexual predators. The officer, John F. Gay III of the Cheyenne Police Department, picked out six or seven Windsor High School Students' MySpace pages and began to criticize photos, comments and other content until one Student left the room crying.
Judy Echeandia

Friend or Foe? Balancing the Good and Bad of Social-Networking Sites - 0 views

www.edweek.org/...01networks.h02.html

ad4dcss article cyberbullying digital responsibilities school board social networking

shared by Judy Echeandia on 23 Jun 08 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 23 Jun 08
     
    This three-part article includes a discussion of classroom connections to social networking sites and the school's role in intervening when information that affects the classroom is publicly posted on MySpace or Facebook. The authors also provide five key social networking tips:
    1. Establish a policy for dealing with incidents in which students break school rules and their inappropriate behavior is showcased publicly on social-networking sites.
    2. Outline clear guidelines for administrators that spell out how schools should discipline students based on information garnered from social-networking sites, and let parents and students know about those rules.
    3. Educate students about online-safety issues and how to use sites such as Facebook and MySpace responsibly.
    4. Have a policy in place for dealing with cyber bullying.
    5. If teachers are using social-networking sites for educational purposes, they should establish clear guidelines for how they intend to communicate with students via those sites.

Vicki Davis

Susan Silverman's Lucky Ladybugs project going on for elementary - 0 views

kids-learn.org/...project.htm

best practices connectivity curriculum digital access hz08 hzmeta virtual collaboration

shared by Vicki Davis on 16 Apr 08 - Cached
  • A Collaborative Internet Project for K-5 Students
  • Essential Question: Why are ladybugs considered to be good luck?
  • This project will demonstrate lesson plans designed following principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and examples of student work resulting from the lessons.  As teachers we should ask ourselves if there are any barriers to our students’ learning.  We should look for ways to present information and assess learning in non-text-based formats. 
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Based on brain research and new media, the UDL framework proposes that educators design lessons with three basic kinds of flexibility: 1. Multiple formats and media are used to present information.
  • Examples: Illustrations, pictures, diagrams, video or audio clips, and descriptions 2.   Teachers use multiple strategies to engage and motivate students. 3.   students demonstrate learning through multiple performance and product formats.
  • UDL calls for three goals to consider in designing lessons: 1.  Recognition goals: these focus on specific content that ask a student to identify who, what, where, and when. 2.  Strategic goals: these focus on a specific process or medium that asks a student to learn how to do something using problem solving and critical think skills. 3. Affective goals: these focus on a particular value or emotional outcome. Do students enjoy, and appreciate learning about the topic? Does it connect to prior knowledge and experience? Are students allowed to select and discover new knowledge?
  • Resources you might want to use: Scholastic Keys, Kid Pix, Inspiration and Kidspiration, digital camera (still and video), recording narration/music, United Streaming.  Let your imagination go!
  • This project begins on March 15, 2007.  Materials need to be e-mailed by May 31, 2008.
  • Vicki Davis on 16 Apr 08
     
    An excellent project for elementary students to connect with other classes.
  • Vicki Davis on 16 Apr 08
     
    A great way to get started with technology is to join in an exciting project. this project by Susan Silverman was designed using the principles of Universal Design for Learning. I've heard her present and she is a pro. (Along with my friend Jennifer Wagner.)
Anne Bubnic

2 Million Minutes : A Documentary Film on Global Education - 0 views

www.2mminutes.com

21st century learning ad4dcss digital communication digital learning documentary film global citizenship video

shared by Anne Bubnic on 30 May 08 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 30 May 08
     
    How a student spends their Two Million Minutes - in class, at home studying, playing sports, working, sleeping, socializing or just goofing off -- will affect their economic prospects for the rest of their lives. How do most American high school students spend this time? What about students in the rest of the world? How do family, friends and society influence a student's choices for time allocation? What implications do their choices have on their future and on a country's economic future?
    This film takes a deeper look at how the three superpowers of the 21st Century - China, India and the United States - are preparing their students for the future. As we follow two students - a boy and a girl - from each of these countries, we compose a global snapshot of education, from the viewpoint of kids preparing for their future.

    \n\nThe complete DVD is available for order on this web site. The web site also offers a preview version.
Anne Bubnic

Don't be illTwitterate or aTextual - 0 views

theinnovativeeducator.blogspot.com/...illtwitterate-or-atextual.html

twitter students web 2.0 curriculum lesson plan

shared by Anne Bubnic on 18 Mar 10 - Cached
  • 1) At Marta Valle High School they held an innovation fair celebrating the successes of the innovative work teachers are doing with their students. Some students were selected as fair reporters. These students interviewed attendees with the question, "Please tell me in 140 characters or less what has impressed you most about what you've seen at our innovation fair."
  • 2) Text to capture reflections during field trips. If you're in a school where cells are banned, you may be able to have students bring them on field trips. If that is not allowed, the chaperon's devices can be used. Rather than have students walk around taking notes. Have them Tweet their reflections.
  • Have students do a daily or weekly tweet about something that day. In his post “What Did You Create Today?” (http://weblogg-ed.com 08/22/09), Will Richardson shares some great possibilities that could be used in a daily tweet: What did you teach others? What unanswered questions are you struggling with? How did you change the world in some small (or big) way? What’s something your teachers learned today? What did you share with the world?
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Use Twitter as a tool to capture student voice by having them respond to class lectures using Twitter.
  • Anne Bubnic on 18 Mar 10
     
    Four ideas for using Twitter with Students.
Anne Bubnic

City targets Web to dull bullies' barbs - 0 views

www.boston.com/...gets_web_to_dull_bullies_barbs

ad4dcss cyberbullying facebook legal article cybersafety disruption of school environment

shared by Anne Bubnic on 04 Apr 10 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 04 Apr 10
     
    The calls began coming in Monday. A horrified guidance counselor, a teacher, and then a student lit up Boston's new antibullying tip line, telling officials about multiple Facebook pages that featured pictures of female high school students with derogatory and sexually explicit captions beneath them. students and city and school officials say they have found at least 15 Facebook pages over the last few days that use obscene or hateful language to target female students, as well as a handful of male students, school administrators, and teachers at schools in Boston and surrounding communities. Boston officials have been scrambling to have the pages removed and have been meeting to figure out how to address the apparent cyberbullying and find the culprits. But as the offending Facebook pages come down, new ones go up. School officials and police are struggling to identify the perpetrators, who have been using fake names when they register with Facebook to create the pages. Police say they could pursue criminal charges if they determine that perpetrators have violated victims' civil rights.
Judy Echeandia

iPhones invade college campuses, but will they replace the student ID? - 0 views

www.cr80news.com/...ll-they-replace-the-student-id

ad4dcss cellphone digital communication

shared by Judy Echeandia on 11 Jun 09 - Cached
  • Judy Echeandia on 11 Jun 09
     
    The challenge for many college administrators today is how can they put cell phones to work for both students and the college. In Palo Alto, Calif., home of Stanford University, developers of an iPhone application called iStanford 2.0 hopes one day to see the iPhone replace the campus ID card. The entrepreneurial Stanford students have already produced a suite of iPhone applications that access the university's course catalog, campus map and other resources.The application suite was rolled out in October and has already garnered national attention, including winning the $10,000 grand prize for AT&T's "Big Mobile on Campus" contest for best smart phone application. One of the student members of the firm said he hopes to see the iPhone replace student identification cards in the future.
Anne Bubnic

Palo Alto Online : School heads called parents in cyberbully case - 0 views

www.paloaltoonline.com/...show_story.php

ad4dcss cyberbullying digital communication facebook

shared by Anne Bubnic on 08 Apr 09 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 08 Apr 09
     
    In a recent incident in which local teens "cyberbullied" a fellow Palo Alto student, school district officials said they helped remove the offending website and notified the parents of "six or eight" perpetrators who are students at Gunn and Palo Alto high schools. The bullying occurred over the weekend of Feb. 28, when some students created a Facebook "I Hate..." group targeting another student. The Internet group quickly gained up to 100 members and included vicious comments against the student as well as some posts in the student's defense. School district officials, who learned of the activity over the weekend, helped remove the Facebook group early on Monday, March 2.
Anne Bubnic

75% of AISD eighth-graders fail technology test - 0 views

www.reporternews.com/...earning-by-doing-doesnt-cut-it

ad4dcss Technology NCLB digital literacy

shared by Anne Bubnic on 25 Jun 09 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 25 Jun 09
     
    In 2002, The No Child Left Behind Act said that students should be technologically literate by the end of the 8th grade. Texas developed a long list of specific technology skills students should know, but nobody has required that students learn them. "We have a difficult time finding the time for the students to be taught these technology skills since teachers have to focus on preparing students for the TAKS test," said Mark Gabehart, AISD's technology chief.
Anne Bubnic

Students' new best friend: 'MoSoSo' - 0 views

features.csmonitor.com/...tudents-new-best-friend-mososo

ad4dcss digital communication digital youth social networking

shared by Anne Bubnic on 22 Aug 08 - Cached
  • Mobile GPS will open a Pandora’s box of possibilities, say others. “I’d be very concerned about pedophiles or identity thieves hacking into a system and locating me, my wife, or daughter,” says Henry Simpson, who coordinates new technology for the California State University at Monterey Bay (CSUMB). “It raises huge safety issues,” he adds.
  • But new technologies have always brought new risks – such as identity theft. Philosophically, every technology has both positive and negative values, says Andrew Anker, vice president of development at Six Apart, a Web consulting firm. “In fact,” he points out, “the most positive aspects are what also add the most negative.”
  • Companies looking to do business on college campuses have paid particular attention to security concerns. Rave Wireless introduced a GPS/MoSoSo enabled phone for students this past year, emphasizing the security value of the GPS feature over its potential to deliver underage victims to predators. While the Rave phones enable students to find like-minded buddies (Bored? Love Indian food? Meet me under the clock!), it also offers a cyberescort service linked to campus police. If the student doesn’t turn off a timer in the phone, indicating safe arrival at a destination, police are dispatched to a GPS location.
  • Anne Bubnic on 22 Aug 08
     
    Talking on cellphones is passé for students who use them for networking and sending photos. Mobile Social Networking Software - the next wave of virtual community - is already appearing on cellphones, beginning with college campuses. These under-25s (the target market for early adoption of hot new gadgets) are using what many observers call the next big consumer technology shift: Mobile Social Networking Software, or Mososo. The sophisticated reach of cyber-social networks such as MySpace or Facebook, combined with the military precision of GPS, is putting enough power in these students' pockets to run a small country.
Anne Bubnic

Student Speech Rights in the Digital Age - 0 views

lsr.nellco.org/...215

ad4dcss cyberbullying digital communication legal social networking

shared by Anne Bubnic on 21 Aug 08 - Cached
  • Anne Bubnic on 21 Aug 08
     
    Last year, the Court ducked an opportunity to determine in Morse v. Frederick whether public schools have authority to restrict student speech that occurs off of school grounds. The Court's refusal to address this issue was unfortunate. For several decades lower courts have struggled to determine when, if ever, public schools should have the power to restrict student expression that does not occur on school grounds during school hours. In the last several years, however, courts have struggled with this same question in a new context -- the digital media. Around the country, increasing numbers of courts have been forced to confront the authority of public schools to punish students for speech on the Internet. In most cases, students are challenging punishments they received for creating fake websites mocking their teachers or school administrators or for making offensive comments on websites or instant messages. More often than not, the lower courts are ruling in favor of the schools.
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