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sdahlseng10

In Vivo Gene Delivery and Stable Transduction of Nondividing Cells by a Lentiviral Vector - 0 views

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    Supplemental Article to Lesch et al. (2011); Journal club 1: This article provides interesting support to the effectiveness of lentivirus vectors for gene therapy treatment. Not only is HIV or lentivirus efficient at transduction to rapidly dividing cells, it is also capable of transduction to nondividing cells; making it an exciting vector for gene therapy treatment. The range of diseases that could be treatable with a gene therapy vector that can target other cell types than hematopoietic cells could transform the science of gene therapy.
sdahlseng10

Production and purification of lentiviral vectors generated in 293T suspens... - 6 views

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    Focus Article; Journal club 1:This is an article that details a novel technique for production of HIV (lentiviral) vectors for use as tools of gene therapy. The fascinating approach that was developed by the authors uses baculovirus as a vector to infect human embryonic kidney cells in culture with the genes necessary to produce a lentiviral vector with therapeutic capabilities.
Casey Finnerty

Research - A Neuro-Oncology Laboratory at Northwestern University in Chicago - 1 views

  • Most adenoviruses that have been historically used for gene therapy have been based on serotype 5 (AdWT). Unfortunately, expression of the primary receptor for Ad5 (the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, CAR) is highly variable on cancer cells. In fact, several studies have demonstrated a resistance of malignant glioma to adenoviral vectors, a finding that was subsequently attributed to the quantitative deficiency of CAR on brain tumor cells.
  • First, we tested a variety of tumor specific promoters and identified survivin (S) as an excellent tumor specific promoter for transcriptional control of E1a, a gene essential for CRAd replication (J Neurosurg 104:583, 2006; Cancer Biol Ther 6:679, 2007).
  • Based on the above date data, we then created a novel oncolytic adenoviral vector which utilizes the survivin promoter and binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans expressed on malignant brain tumors and named this new vector CRAd-S-pk7 (Hum Gene Ther 18:589, 2007).
    • Casey Finnerty
       
      How specific is the binding/tropism? HS is fairly widespread throughout the body.
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  • Second, we have identified several receptors that are over-expressed on brain tumor cells and created a series of pseudotyped Ad5 vectors that recognize these receptors
  • Our studies with CRAd-S-pk7 indicate that the virus provides the highest level of viral replication and tumor oncolysis in glioma cell lines. At the same time, we observed minimal viral replication and toxicity in normal human brain. Injection of CRAd-S-pk7 inhibited xenograft brain tumor growth by more than 300%.
  • We were the first group in the country to show that human mesenchymal stem cells can be effectively loaded with a replication competent virus and effectively deliver it to an experimental glioma model
  • When oncolytic vectors are loaded onto stem cells, the virus effectively "hides" from the immune system for an extended period of time. The ability of stem cells to suppress the anti-viral immune response in a permissive and tumor-bearing animal model is the subject of one of our latest manuscript
  • Finally, to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells, we have optimized them to specifically traffic to intracranial tumors via genetic modification with single-chain antibodies against antigens expressed on gliomas
  • Our latest work in this area supports the development of neural stem cell based cell carriers for oncolytic virotherapy
sdahlseng10

Possible applications for replicating HIV 1 vectors - 0 views

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    Review Article; Journal club 1: This is a basic review article about HIV virus vectors and their potential uses in clinical science.
sdahlseng10

Improved lentiviral vectors for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene therapy mimic... - 0 views

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    Supplemental Article to Lesch et al. (2011): This article talks about one of the disorders that is treatable by gene therapy: a relatively rare x-linked chromosomal abnormality that causes immunodeficiency as a result of hematopoietic cell damage causing inefficient T-cell receptor binding. Lentiviruses appear to be good vectors for the gene therapy treatment of this disorder as a highly regulated therapy is required for a beneficial outcome.
Sarah Muncy

ScienceDirect.com - Vaccine - Intranasal and intramuscular immunization with Baculoviru... - 0 views

  • An anti-malarial transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV) that prevents fertilization and/or ookinete/oocyst development within the mosquito is an attractive strategy to limit the transmission of malaria
  • The present study used this system to generate a Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking immunogen (AcNPV-Dual-Pvs25).
  • Plasmodium vivax
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  • A variety of expression vectors (e.g., Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris and DNA) have been used to express Pvs25 protein which has been administered alone or in combination with adjuvants
  • To date these studies suggest that the recombinant protein currently requires both not only linear, but conformation dependent epitopes, and a strong adjuvant to induce transmission-blocking antibodies.
  • Intranasal and intramuscular immunization with Baculovirus Dual Expression System-based Pvs25 vaccine substantially blocks Plasmodium vivax transmission
  • Recently, we have developed a new vaccine vector system based on the baculovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) termed the “Baculovirus Dual Expression System”, which drives expression of vaccine candidate antigens by a dual promoter that consists of tandemly arranged baculovirus-derived polyhedrin and mammalian-derived CMV promoters. It has been shown that AcNPV, an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that naturally infects insects, possesses strong adjuvant properties that can activate dendritic cell-mediated innate immunity
  • Mucosal vaccines have several attractive features compared with parenteral vaccines (e.g., safety, cost-effectiveness and ease of administration), but studies on their use have been limited almost exclusively to protection against mucosally transmitted pathogens. We provide evidence that i.n. immunization is a feasible alternative for preventing malaria, which is transmitted through non-mucosal routes
  • These results are consistent with our previous work showing that intranasal immunization with the baculovirus-based vaccine induced strong systemic humoral immune responses with high titres of antigen-specific antibodies and conferred complete protection against malaria blood-stage challenge
  • which can induce immunological memory against heterologous antigens in a rodent model; however, it is precluded from clinical use due to its enterotoxicity and potential hazardous effects on olfactory nerves [22]. In contrast, a baculovirus-based delivery system may offer an attractive immunization method, as AcNPV exhibits low cytotoxicity and is incapable of replication in mammalian cells
  • The data described here adds to previously presented data showing the significant potential of the baculovirus dual expression system against the blood stages of the parasite
  • but also demonstrates clearly its ability to induce antibodies against the ookinete surface protein Pvs25, and to elicit a transmission-blocking immune response against the P. vivax isolates from endemic areas, and a transgenic rodent malaria parasite model in preliminary studies.
  • One was SMFA on peripheral blood from P. vivax infected patients.
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    Reference paper #2. Gave me information on malaria and baculoviruses.
sdahlseng10

Replication-competent Lentivirus Analysis of Clinical Grade Vector Products - 0 views

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    Supplementary Article to Lesch et al. (2011); journal club 1: This article helps us understand the dangers of attenuated lentiviruses used for gene therapy and other clinical applications. It also details a method for screening newly synthesized lentiviruses for replication competency.
Sarah Muncy

ScienceDirect.com - Vaccine - Hemagglutinin Displayed Baculovirus Protects Against High... - 0 views

    • Sarah Muncy
       
      So, the baculovirus on TOP of having the H5HA on it, can also get the immune system to kick in better?
  • It is remarkable that low doses (103pfu/mouse) of BVs act as an effective adjuvant [41]. Therefore, reducing BV concentration and elongating vaccination intervals may prevent memory responses to BV administration
  • scanning densitometry
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  • Foreign immunogens or peptides can be displayed on the envelope of AcMNPV by fusion with the baculovirus major envelope protein gp64
  • Baculoviruses have strong adjuvant activity to promote humoral and cellular immune responses against coadministered antigens, activate dendritic cells maturation, induce the production of cytokines, chemokines, and type I IFNs
  • There are two influenza vaccine approaches licensed in the US; the inactivated, split vaccine and the live-attenuated virus vaccine. Inactivated vaccines can efficiently induce humoral immune responses but generally only poor cellular immune responses.
  • Therefore, influenza HA can be displayed on the surface of baculovirus
  • virus-like particle (VLP)
  • Even though cellular immune responses cannot confer sterilizing immunity, they are able to reduce the severity of infection and lower morbidity and mortality rates [47], and antigen-specific memory T cells are able to rapidly respond to a secondary virus infection [45]. Furthermore, cellular immune responses to the conserved epitopes contained in vaccines may provide cross-protective immunity against different subtypes of influenza virus infection
  • To confirm that each HA was incorporated on the envelope of baculoviruses, supernatants from infected Sf9 cells were used to perform hemagglutination assay
  • Most BV display strategies rely on gp64 protein which is the major envelope protein of baculovirus.
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    This paper gave me a better understanding of some aspects of my focal paper that were unclear. How to test for HA, and how baculoviruses may be adjuvants in addition to expression vectors.
jiyoung yoon

Genomic Characterization of a Novel Virus of the Family Tymoviridae Isolated from Mosqu... - 3 views

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    in this article we can know about unique novel tymoviridae virus. they are characterising about this new virus. one of the most unique feature about them is they can replicate even in mosquitoes!in consider that no mosquitoes have been reported as vectores of plant viruse,this research is quite suprising thing! but something i want to recommend is ...first At the result, it said cell lysates did not react with antisera to known only a few arboviruses of the genera. And said this virus is an uncommon arbovirus . I think the author should define more specially about the subject. and second, this research said that CuTLV virus may be transferred to male mosquitoes feed on plant juices and can started to replicate in the insect also. Because marifviruses can potentially replicate both in plants and in insects but, I can't figure out how this viruse can move into human,(animal) different kinds of species , can make a disease even by male ! I think the writer should more explain about that route. the last thing is There is many pictures .but some of them ,like figure 4&figure 5, are too massy to be hard recognized or unneeded thing. So I think they need more arrangement about picture.
Matthew Marshall

Ebola outbreak kills 15 in eastern Congo - Yahoo! News - 1 views

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    In my opinion, VHFs are among the scariest of viruses. Also, to the best of my knowledge, the reservoir AND vector for the virus have yet to be found. It just pops out of the jungle every so often, and then disappears back into it, Frightening...
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