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Casey Finnerty

The Virus That Learns - Phenomena: The Loom - 0 views

phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/...the-virus-that-learns

microbiology CRISPR

shared by Casey Finnerty on 07 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Likewise, restriction enzymes are a dangerous defense, because they can chop up the distinctive stretches of DNA in a bacterium’s own genes. It avoids attacking itself by capping those sequences in its own DNA, so that the restriction enzymes can’t reach them.
  • Some species can muck up the production of new viruses, stealing their proteins before they can form shells. Others commit suicide upon infection, so as to avoid becoming an incubator for new viruses that would then kill their nearby relatives.
  • CRISPR genes can produce RNA molecules with a matching sequence. They grab onto the virus’s RNA and prevent them from being turned into proteins. The virus factory grinds to a halt.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The bacteria hold onto an invading virus’s DNA, so that they are now prepared for a fresh attack. And over time, bacteria can build up little libraries of these virus barcodes. 
  • Last year, scientists at Indiana University surveyed the bacteria in people’s mouths and discovered 8,000 different viral barcodes–many of them corresponding to viruses scientists have yet to discover.
  • But if you build up a healthy store of antibodies to various strains of flu, smallpox, and other diseases, all that knowledge dies with you.
  • Not so for bacteria. When a microbe reproduces, it passes down its CRISPR genes and all of their viral barcodes to its descendants–including the ones it acquired in its own lifetime.
  • Last fall, for example, University of Cambridge scientists discovered viruses that carry an antidote for the suicide toxin made by their hosts. When the bacteria want to die, the virus forces them to live on. And just last month, University of Toronto scientists even discovered anti-CRISPR genes in viruses, which the viruses use to shut down the production of virus-killing molecules.
  • the scientists demonstrated that the ICP1 virus uses its CRISPR immune system to attack its host’s virus-attacking genes.
Abdirizak Abdi

New Method Developed To Kill Pathogenic Bacteria Without Antiobiotics Or Chemicals - 0 views

www.medicalnewstoday.com/...258549.php

shared by Abdirizak Abdi on 05 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Abdirizak Abdi on 05 Apr 13
     
    Researchers have developed a new method to eliminate deadly pathogenic bacteria in food products and packaging, without the need for antibiotics or chemicals. The method can kill various types of pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria, which is among most common cause of food-borne illness. The team of engineers managed to successfully attach cell lytic enzymes to silica nano particles, which are entirely safe to be used with food products, and created a coating that could selectively kill Listeria, when it gets contact with the bacteria, without affecting other chemicals or bacteria present. The process takes few mins and can tackle listeria even in high concentration.The lytic enzymes could be attached to starch nanoparticles that are typically used for food packaging.
Megan Rasmussen

Scientists Use Nature Against Nature to Develop an Antibiotic With Reduced Resistance - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130410201828.htm

microbiology resistance antibiotic

shared by Megan Rasmussen on 14 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Rasmussen on 14 Apr 13
     
    Researchers have applied knowledge about bacteria phages in order to develop a new antibiotic. They studied the enzyme 2-epimerase, which controls the formation Bacillus anthracis cell wall. Researchers used an inhibitory molecule that would bind to the allosteric site* site of this enzyme. They tested this antibiotic called Epimerox in mice infected with Ballcillus anthracis and found that it protected the mice from anthrax. It also showed that the bacteria did not develop a resistance to this inhibitory molecule. Although this is just a start, it could change so much in the quest for effective antibiotics!
Katelyn Madigan

Discovery of wound-healing genes in flies could mitigate human skin ailments - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130424185203.htm

shared by Katelyn Madigan on 25 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • key to their technique was the use of trypsin, a member of a family of enzymes called serine proteases, which activates genes involved in wound healing
  • incorporating specific, regulated series proteases and antimicrobial peptides at the sites of diabetic ulcers or skin grafts for more efficient wound healing
  • Katelyn Madigan on 25 Apr 13
     
    A specific approach to target the genes that are involved in wound healing seems like a progressive approach for several skin disorders.
Megan Goldman

Resurrection of 3-billion-year-old antibiotic-resistance proteins - 0 views

www.biologynews.net/...bioticresistance_proteins.html

shared by Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Megan Goldman on 30 Apr 13
     
    Scientists are reporting "laboratory resurrections" of several 2-3-billion-year-old proteins that are ancient ancestors of the enzymes that enable today's antibiotic-resistant bacteria to shrug off huge doses of penicillins, cephalosporins and other modern drugs.
Katelyn Madigan

Why sourdough bread resists mold - 1 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130221194239.htm

resistance bread mold

shared by Katelyn Madigan on 22 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • sourdough bread differs from ordinary bread in having an extra fermentation step, over and above yeast fermentation. This step is mediated by lactic acid bacteria, typically of the genus Lactobacillus
  • L. hammesii produced substantial quantities of hydroxylated monounsaturated fatty acids
  • A second antifungal fatty acid produced by cereal enzymes
  • Casey Finnerty on 22 Feb 13
     
    Neat article on microbial competition, across kingdoms no less!
Nate Scheibe

The Secret to Stopping Toxic Fungus: Moose Drool | TakePart - 0 views

www.takepart.com/...opping-toxic-fungusmoose-drool

enzyme fungus ungulate

shared by Nate Scheibe on 11 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Nate Scheibe on 11 Aug 14
     
    I am going to file this under "life finds a way".
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