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The Effects of Cell Phone Conversations on the Attention and Memory of Bystanders - 2 views

www.plosone.org/...10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058579 cellphone brain memory
shared by caitlyniwamura13 on 21 May 13 - No Cached
  • caitlyniwamura13 on 21 May 13
     
    A in depth formal write up of the experiment ran to test the effects of cellphones and data collected.
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Can Teenage Defiance Be Manipulated for Good? - 1 views

www.nytimes.com/...e-be-manipulated-for-good.html rhetoric teenagers adolescents brain neuroscience metaphor behavior
shared by Lara Cowell on 15 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Lara Cowell on 15 Sep 16
     
    The brains of adolescents are notoriously more receptive to short-term rewards and peer approval, which can lead to risky behavior. But researchers and educators are noticing that young people are also more sensitive to notions of social justice and autonomy. Teenage rebellion can be virtuous - even wholesome - depending on the situation. A new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences finds that teenagers make wiser choices if they are encouraged to reimagine healthy behavior as an act of defiance.
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Um, filler words and, like, how they function in... uh language, you know? - 6 views

www.examiner.com/...-function-uh-language-you-know language speech words filler words
shared by jillnakayama16 on 10 May 16 - No Cached
  • jillnakayama16 on 10 May 16
     
    In spoken language, especially in conversations, people are prone to using filler words or - as linguists call them - discourse particles. By inserting these semantically and syntactically neutral words in an utterance, they allow for a speaker to pause while collecting their thoughts while preserving the position of speaker, a coveted social role.
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Monkeys Could Talk, but They Don't Have the Brains for It - The New York Times - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...monkeys-speech.html monkey monkeys brain vocal cord language animal animal language
shared by deborahwen17 on 10 Dec 16 - No Cached
  • deborahwen17 on 10 Dec 16
     
    This article is pretty self-explanatory based on the article - it talks about how monkeys' vocal cords and bodies are physiologically able to talk and make distinct sounds. However, monkeys lack the brain circuits used by humans to learn sounds, and the special nerve sets humans use to control the shape of our vocal tracts.
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Hotels for Book Lovers - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...hotels-for-book-lovers.html
shared by jeffchan17 on 06 Dec 16 - No Cached
  • jeffchan17 on 06 Dec 16
     
    "IT IS A SPECTATOR SPORT to look at someone else's books, if not an act of voyeurism or armchair psychology," wrote Henry Petroski in " The Book on the Bookshelf." Yet when the books don't belong to an individual, but rather to a hotel or a bar, it is not armchair psychology - it is an invitation to a chance encounter.
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Positive Lexicography Interactive - 1 views

hifisamurai.github.io/lexicography language positive emotion optimism
shared by Lara Cowell on 01 Feb 17 - No Cached
  • Lara Cowell on 01 Feb 17
     
    Dr Tim Lomas, lecturer and author in positive psychology, has collected words expressing positive states from around the world. You can explore by theme or language.
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Thinking Out Loud: How Successful Networks Nurture Good Ideas - 0 views

www.wired.com/...2 writing Internet language networks communication learning audience
shared by Lara Cowell on 17 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Lara Cowell on 17 Sep 13
     
    Author Clive Thompson argues, "The fact that so many of us are writing - sharing our ideas, good and bad, for the world to see - has changed the way we think. Just as we now live in public, so do we think in public. And that is accelerating the creation of new ideas and the advancement of global knowledge." Every day, we collectively produce millions of books' worth of writing. Globally we send 154.6 billion emails, more than 400 million tweets, and over 1 million blog posts and around 2 million blog comments on WordPress. On Facebook, we post about 16 billion words. Altogether, we compose some 3.6 trillion words every day on email and social media - the equivalent of 36 million books.* (The entire US Library of Congress, by comparison, holds around 23 million books.) He notes the Internet has spawned a global culture of avid writers, one almost always writing for an audience, and suggests that writing for a real audience helps clarify one's thinking, enhances learning, and arguably, betters writers' organization, ideas, and attention to editing.
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Figures of Rhetoric in Advertising Language - 9 views

business.scu.edu/...rhetjcr.htm wordsrus advertising
shared by Lisa Stewart on 18 Nov 09 - Cached
  • the discipline of rhetoric was the primary repository of Western thinking about persuasion
  • The principal purpose of this paper is to contribute a richer and more systematic conceptual understanding of rhetorical structure in advertising language
  • Rhetoricians maintain that any proposition can be expressed in a variety of ways, and that in any given situation one of these ways will be the most effective in swaying an audience.
  • ...33 more annotations...
  • the manner in which a statement is expressed may be more important
  • a rhetorical figure occurs when an expression deviates from expectation
  • With respect to metaphor, for instance, listeners are aware of conventions with respect to the use of words, one of which might be formulated as, words are generally used to convey one of the lead meanings given in their dictionary entry. A metaphor violates that convention, as in this headline for Johnson & Johnson bandaids, "Say hello to your child's new bodyguards," accompanied by a picture of bandaids emblazoned with cartoon characters (from Table 2)
  • listeners know exactly what to do when a speaker violates a convention: they search for a context that will render the violation intelligible. If context permits an inference that the bandaid is particularly strong, or that the world inhabited by children is particularly threatening, then the consumer will achieve an understanding of the advertiser's statement.
  • every figure represents a gap. The figure both points to a translation (the impossibility in this context of translating "Say hello to your child's new petunias" is the key to its incomprehensibility), and denies the adequacy of that translation, thus encouraging further interpretation.
  • metaphors that have become frozen or conventional: e.g., the sports car that "hugs" the road.
  • an important function of rhetorical figures is to motivate the potential reader.
  • Berlyne (1971) found incongruity
  • (deviation) to be among those factors that call to and arrest attention.
  • "pleasure of the text"--the reward that comes from processing a clever arrangement of signs.
  • Berlyne's (1971) argument, based on his research in experimental aesthetics, that incongruity (deviation) can produce a pleasurable degree of arousal.
  • Familiar examples of schematic figures would include rhyme and alliteration, while metaphors and puns would be familiar examples of tropic figures.
  • Schemes can be understood as deviant combinations, as in the headline, "Now Stouffers makes a real fast real mean Lean Cuisine."
  • This headline is excessively regular because of its repetition of sounds and words. It violates the convention that sounds are generally irrelevant to the sense of an utterance, i.e., the expectation held by receivers that the distribution of sounds through an utterance will be essentially unordered except by the grammatical and semantic constraints required to make a well-formed sentence. Soundplay can be used to build up meaning in a wide variety of ways (Ross 1989; van Peer 1986).
  • Many tropes, particularly metaphors and puns effected in a single word, can be understood as deviant selections. Thus, in the Jergens skin care headline (Table 2), "Science you can touch," there is a figurative metaphor, because "touch" does not belong to the set of verbs which can take as their object an abstract collective endeavor such as Science.
  • For example, a rhyme forges extra phonemic links among the headline elements.
  • "Performax protects to the max," the consumer has several encoding possibilities available, including the propositional content, the phonemic equivalence (Performax = max), and the syllable node (other words endin
  • Because they are over-coded, schemes add internal redundancy to advertising messages. Repetition within a text can be expected to enhance recall just as repetition of the entire text does.
  • The memorability of tropes rests on a different mechanism. Because they are under-coded, tropes are incomplete in the sense of lacking closure. Tropes thus invite elaboration by the reader. For example, consider the Ford ad with the headline "Make fun of the road" (Table 2). "Road" is unexpected as a selection from the set of things to mock or belittle. Via
  • This level of the framework distinguishes simple from complex schemes and tropes to yield four rhetorical operations--repetition, reversal, substitution, destabilization.
  • s artful deviation, irregularity, and complexity that explain the effects of a headline such as "Say hello to your child's new bodyguards," and not its assignment to the category 'metaphor.'
  • The rhetorical operation of repetition combines multiple instances of some element of the expression without changing the meaning of that element. In advertising we find repetition applied to sounds so as to create the figures of rhyme, chime, and alliteration or assonance (Table 2). Repetition applied to words creates the figures known as anaphora (beginning words), epistrophe (ending words), epanalepsis (beginning and ending) and anadiplosis (ending and beginning). Repetition applied to phrase structure yields the figure of parison, as in K Mart's tagline: "The price you want. The quality you need." A limiting condition is that repeated words not shift their meaning with each repetition (such a shift would create the trope known as antanaclasis, as shown further down in Table 2).
  • the possibility for a second kind of schematic figure, which would be produced via an operation that we have named reversal. Th
  • rhetorical operation of reversal combines within an expression elements that are mirror images of one another.
  • The rhetorical operation of destabilization selects an expression such that the initial context renders its meaning indeterminate. By "indeterminate" we mean that multiple co-existing meanings are made available, no one of which is the final word. Whereas in a trope of substitution, one says something other than what is meant, and relies on the recipient to make the necessary correction, in a trope of destabilization one means more than is said, and relies on the recipient to develop the implications. Tropes of substitution make a switch while tropes of destabilization unsettle.
  • Stern, Barbara B. (1988), "How Does an Ad Mean? Language in Services Advertising," Journal of Advertising, 17 (Summer), 3-14.
  • "Pleasure and Persuasion in Advertising: Rhetorical Irony as a Humor Technique," Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 12, 25-42.
  • Tanaka, Keiko (1992), "The Pun in Advertising: A Pragmatic Approach," Lingua, 87, 91-102.
  • "The Bridge from Text to Mind: Adapting Reader Response Theory to Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research,
  • Gibbs, Raymond W. (1993), "Process and Products in Making Sense of Tropes," in Metaphor and Thought, 2nd ed
  • Grice, Herbert P. (1989), Studies in the Way of Words, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Leigh, James H. (1994), "The Use of Figures of Speech in Print Ad Headlines," Journal of Advertising, 23(June), 17-34.
  • Mitchell, Andrew A. (1983), "Cognitive Processes Initiated by Exposure to Advertising," in Information Processing Research in Advertising, ed. Richard J. Harris, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 13-42.
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TED Talk: "What Our Language Habits Reveal" by Steve Pinker - 1 views

www.ted.com/...r_on_language_and_thought.html Language habits TED
shared by Kiko Whiteley on 03 Dec 10 - Cached
  • Ryan Catalani on 03 Dec 10
     
    "So to sum up: language is a collective human creation, reflecting human nature -- how we conceptualize reality, how we relate to one another -- and by analyzing the various quirks and complexities of language, I think we can get a window onto what makes us tick."
  • Kiko Whiteley on 21 May 13
     
    A great insight on how revealing of our personalities our use of language can be.
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Primate Gesture Center - 0 views

www.primate-gesture-center.eu primate_gesture
shared by Lisa Stewart on 18 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • Lisa Stewart on 18 Jan 11
     
    Good for some basic definitions but doesn't give links to the actual data they are collecting in their projects.
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The Fowler Collection - 1 views

www.ibiblio.org/...sax.htm Anglo_Saxon
shared by mmaretzki on 26 Sep 11 - Cached
  • mmaretzki on 26 Sep 11
     
    Words of Anglo-Saxon Origin
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Welcome to The Internet Archive Wayback Machine - 0 views

web.archive.org/...web.html wordsrus evaluating_sources research
shared by Lisa Stewart on 15 Nov 09 - Cached
  • Lisa Stewart on 15 Nov 09
     
    See how websites looked in the past
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Bzzzpeek - 3 views

www.bzzzpeek.com
shared by Ryan Catalani on 14 Oct 11 - Cached
Lisa Stewart liked it
  • Ryan Catalani on 14 Oct 11
     
    "bzzzpeek is presenting a collection of 'onomatopoeia' from around the world using sound recordings from native speakers imitating the sounds of mainly animals and vehicles"
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From Facebook To A Virtual You: Planning Your Digital Afterlife - 1 views

www.npr.org/...lanning-your-digital-afterlife avatar technology social media Eterni-me artificial intelligence identity
shared by Lara Cowell on 12 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Lara Cowell on 12 Feb 15
     
    A start-up, Eterni-Me, is looking at ways of using artificial intelligence to keep us alive virtually - long after we're gone. The company collects data that you've curated from Facebook, Twitter, e-mail, photos, video, location information, and even Google Glass and Fitbit devices., and processes this huge amount of information using complex artificial intelligence algorithms. Then it generates a virtual YOU, an avatar that emulates your personality and can interact with, and offer information and advice to your family and friends, even after you pass away.
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Teens text for study and don't hold back the profanity, sex, drugs - 17 views

www.latimes.com/...abase-20120423,0,4570022.story language texting communication swearing
shared by Lynn Takeshita on 26 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Lynn Takeshita on 26 Apr 12
     
    Marion Underwood is drowning in teenage texting data. For the last four years, the University of Texas at Dallas professor has been collecting texts sent by and to 175 adolescent students at a large suburban Texas high school as part of a study dubbed the BlackBerry Project.
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A Village Invents a Language All Its Own - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...a-language-in-its-infancy.html language language_evolution words new_languages
shared by Arthur Johnston on 30 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • Arthur Johnston on 30 Mar 16
     
    This article describes the birth of an entirely new language, by an isolated village in Australia. The language is extremely new, with many of its first speakers still living today.
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How to Ask for Help and Actually Get It - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...-help-and-actually-get-it.html help assistance communication
shared by Lara Cowell on 20 Aug 18 - No Cached
  • Lara Cowell on 20 Aug 18
     
    It's an ethos so culturally ingrained in us that it's hard to see beyond: Self-reliance is paramount, and pulling yourself up by your bootstraps to solve your own problems is a matter of character. Of course, that's not quite how the world works. All of us need help from time to time, and the ability to ask is a learnable skill we seldom think about but one that can have a monumental impact on our goals and lives. So, how to ask? 4 tips: 1. Make sure the person you want to ask realizes you need help. Thanks to a phenomenon called inattentional blindness, we're programmed to have the ability to take in and process only so much information, ignoring the rest. 2. Make a clear request. Otherwise your potential helper might fall victim to audience inhibition, or the fear of "looking foolish in front of other people," which can prevent people from offering help because they doubt their own intuition that you need help. 3. Ge specific with your request and make sure your helper knows why you're specifically asking him or her. This will make them feel invested in your success and actually want to help. 4. Make sure the person you're asking has the time and resources to help.
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