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Chrissy Le

Harvard Education Letter - 2 views

  • Behaviors like embracing novel experiences, supporting peers, even pestering parents for lessons can predict whether a child will emerge as a leader in adulthood, according to researchers who say they are the first to plot a pathway from childhood experiences to adult leadership.
  • new studies use longitudinal data
  • relative importance of factors such as the role of parents, inner motivational drive, intelligence, childhood social skills, and personality traits like extroversion
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  • 106 subjects
  • one through age 29
  • everyday” leaders
  • “taking on the role of and engaging in the process of influencing others toward a common endeavor, goal or cause, regardless of designated formal position.
  • Researchers met with the children (and parents) twice a year for the first four years, then once a year through age 17 and once at 24 and again at 29.
  • 20 for each child
  • 18,000 variables
  • hat children as young as two reveal temperaments that predict for later leadership
  • novel situation
  • more extroverted, socially engaging and become everyday leaders.”
  • children who placed the most demands on teachers and parents to join or do activities were more likely to be leaders as adults.
  • quest to acquire new skills and knowledge
  • invested in and committed
  • parent’s support i
  • stronger motivation trumped higher IQ
  • She says the study offers a strong argument for schools “to do things fundamentally differently.
  • Carol S. Dweck
  • growth mindset
  • schools place such heavy emphasis on extrinsic rewards like test scores and classroom prizes that they risk stifling development of students’ inner drive.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      What do you think?  Do you agree with this statement about schools reinforcing the extrinsic reward system?
    • Emilie L
       
      (after researching what "extrinsic" meant..) I agree with what Dweck and Adele Gottfriend observed- that we focus/reinforce exterior rewards like grades so greatly that students are at risk of losing their inner motivation. I think that especially in our youth we focus a lot numerical values like test scores and especially money (which, in the long run really do make up our future) so much, that we lack having motivation in what we truly want to do with ourselves. For example, at WIC, marks are a huge deal- however lets say, a top A student truly desires to become a photographer, yet, at school he or she is so convinced that they must do well within the 'extrinsic rewards' that they loose their passion. This isn't to say that it's a bad thing, but I think that often times who we are "meant to be" is diminished/over-shadowed by what society(SCHOOL) tells us we should do and focus on.
    • Julian Pendenza
       
      I do agree with this statement due to the fact that kids today have a lot of pressure and feel the need to get good marks, only because schools put heavy emphasis on it, and not because they are motivated. People have to realize that school is not just about getting good grades, but also it is about finding yourself and seeing what you would like to do in the future.
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
       
      I agree that teens focus a lot on their marks and that they don't take the time to get invovle in after school's activities. Because they need to have good marks to go to College, they have so much pressure to be one of the best students and that prevents them to show their leadership by being in charge of some activities in their school or in the community. Also, the marks give them an idea of how good they are at something and it makes them proud and they know it will help them for the future because it will be easier to get accepted in Cegep. However, when they get involve in an activity the reward is not numerical so they don't know that it will help them in the future.
    • Matthew Schaffer
       
      I do agree, I think schools want students to be academicaly knowledgable that they forget about the "street smarts" as we say. However, not all schools do this. Schools like WIC have a huge variety of E.C.A's that we can also get rewarded for. There is the new tie that shows how good of an athelete you are. SOme schools are taking the step up, however it is true that most schools look to closely into the academics of a child and not into their personality.
    • Ally Talarico
       
      I do not agree with this statement. I think that the reward system teaches discipline. It teaches that if you want good marks and you want to succeed, you must work hard by putting time and effort into your school books. Much of the time, we are graded on creativity but in some cases like Math class, a teacher cannot give a grade on the growth of one's mindset when the answer is not subjective. The grading system is not broken, so why are we trying to fix it? In my opinion, I think this is just another psychological fad like many. 
    • mauromongiat
       
      I do agree that schools put a lot of emphasis on grades and that our educational system is based on students getting better grades. Schools focus too much on the grades of each student. To be able to succeed in a career two things must be achieved the intelligence or knowledge and the ambition for success. In our schools we cannot only teach one part of the road to success, we must also encourage students to follow in what they want and to dedicate everything to it. With motivation and the drive to succeed people can achieve almost anything and we must teach that being motivated for a subject is better than having the smarts for it. Success comes with motivation and perseverance without them there is no way you can become successful. 
    • Camil Darwiche
       
      Personally, I don't agree with schools putting such emphasis on marks. But I can see where they are coming from. Later in life (cegep, university, etc.), students will be based on marks and not on enthusiasm or how they organize extra curricular activities. High school is supposed to prepare you for cegep and university. On the other hand, if all levels of schooling (from elementary school to university) were not based on extrinsic reward systems, there would be many more visionaries and independent workers coming out of school.
    • michelle tappert
       
      I agree with this statement because in my opinion, youth these days are focused on grades and numbers as motivation when we should be focusing on the reasons why we want to succeed. The reason why we focus on this is because of the influence for school but it has nothing to do with the fact that they are motivated. I believe that schools put too much emphasis on being "book smart" which is evidentially a good thing but they don't realize that that knowledge is only useful if they teach "street smarts" as well. It is important to be book smart and know all the facts but for kids to be motivated, they need to relate it to real life which is where the motivation should come from. 
    • Lauren Ganze
       
      I concur with the previous answers: schools tend to focus on pure knowledge and rewarding those who regurgitate memorized facts. The educational system usually ends up ignoring those who step up and try to use this knowledge, or dissuading them by giving them low marks and negative feedback until they conform to the system. We impress certain ideals and behaviours into children, and of this group of values, nourishing leadership is excluded in favour of teaching kids how to follow and how to work for immediate, physical rewards.
    • Julian Posteraro
       
      Yes I agree with this statement. The grading system holds back students from being open with their thoughts compared to what the teachers want them to think. Students should have freedom which would help them be more open minded. After school activities and natural intelligence are aspects that students can be good at outside of the classrooms. Success is based not only on grades, but on ambition, determination and perseverance also. 
    • Eli Michon
       
      I disagree. I believe that too much pressure on marks, awards, etc. leaves way too much pressure on the students. Being a student, I have experienced this many times and it can be quite unhealthy because stress is not a good thing for the mind or for the body.  -Eli Michon
    • Giuliano Musacchio
       
      I believe that this statement is true, we are free spirits, we should be able to think like free spirit students and have our own freedom! By taking initiative they are becoming leaders in their own way. Expressing yourself and following your thoughts is a huge part of today's society. What will our world be without students who can learn to eventually become leaders?
    • kelsey sazant
       
      I believe that schools rightfully put a large amount of emphasis on the academic results however this doesn't mean the other domains should be left behind. Grades and academic achievements are very important and schools should make this their main focus. This being said, I do feel as if most schools forget about the other aspects of an education. Schools should be able to cater to and identify with all of their students meaning that someone who isn't labeled as "smart" can still feel appreciated. Just because someone isn't academically gifted doesn't mean that they can not be successful. I think schools should reward their students for other things then just brain capacity. I think West Island College does a good job of that. Not only do we mark effort but we go as far as to commend students on various athletic skills, public speaking, helping the community (interact or green and grey). I think WIC does a good job of focusing on the well rounded student rather then just the one dimensional "genius" that most schools put up on a pedestal. As Albert Einstein once said "Everybody is  genius but if you judge a fish by it's ability to climb a tree, it will live it's whole life believing that it is stupid."
    • Chrissy Le
       
      I completely agree that this is the method that most schools use. A lot of emphasis is placed on extrinsic rewards in the educational system. I believe that this is a negative thing to do because students then lack inner motivation. They no longer want to do things for themselves, and more for the satisfaction of pleasing others, or receiving a high test score. Even though receiving a high test score might seem like a goal they want to pursue it's not truly for themselves, it is to please someone else.
  • rich variety of experiences and give students choices
  • take charge of their own learning
  • ‘make or break skills’ that come on top of the three Rs
    • Jordyn Shell
       
      I believe that the student is more likely to become a community leader because of the fact they they "choose" to do all this extra work, they're not being forced too. They're taking a choice to help others and inspire others. That's LEADERSHIP! When they say "children who placed the most demands on teachers and parents to join or do activities were more likely to be leaders as adults", that pretty much sums up my point exactly. I believe that those students are more likely to become leaders because they are taking such initiative now, it will only impact them positively in the future to do more!
    • Joe Inhaber
       
      I believe that a students desire to partake in schooling events, and acting as a leader is extriemly personal to the student. I think that students, as well as teenagers and children can develop leader ship skills, and the fact that it is to be rewarded in schools is in my opinion wrong. There is a variety of kids, that find themselfs in the role of "leader" in many situations other than in school. I think that in rewarding kids to become leaders, we are further removing their individuality, witch in my opinion is alredy being taken away through means adapted by our society.
    • vanessa parent
       
       I believe that leadership is not something that is taught but rather a personality trait that is developed by the individual themselves (as it said in the article, some children as young as two can have behaviours that may lead to the skills of a good leader). Some are born to be leaders, they have it in them to encourage, to motivate and positively influence others around them. People who demonstrate this features should definitely be encouraged by parents and by their school to develop these skills because if they start young and keep these habits they will most likely carry them through their whole lives. However i also think as jordyn said above, a good leader is someone who wants to take the initiative to partake in extra work or activities, not someone who is forced to do it. 
Erin Waxman

Military uses war simulations to help prevent PTSD in soldiers | PRI.ORG - 1 views

  • War simulations are being used by the military to mentally prepare and test soldiers for the stressful conditions they could face during war. Researchers hope to prevent future cases of PTSD among combat veterans through new initiatives they're testing now.
  • the U.S. has had about 2.5 million soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan, and an estimated 300,000 have been diagnosed with PTSD.
  • The Department of Defense is spending millions of dollars to figure out effective ways to treat and, hopefully, prevent PTSD, Noonan said.
    • Erin Waxman
       
      very important investment. PTSD is a horrible illness and with so many soldiers developing it, we need to find a way to prevent it.
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  • "These (simulations) are intended to expose the recruits to combat conditions to teach them that they can trust their training, that they can actually do their jobs, perform first aid, execute whatever orders they're supposed to be executing, under combat condition," he said. "It also introduces them to fear and stress under combat conditions."
  • who tosses volunteers out of airplanes with sensors all over their bodies to try and understand why combat veterans develop PTSD.
    • Erin Waxman
       
      i'd be interested to read more about this
  • Parodi has found that some people possess an optimal fear response, which she calls the "warrior brain" — meaning they think clearly during a stressful period and once the stressful period ends, their fear response returns back to normal.
    • Erin Waxman
       
      I wonder how much this has to do with the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the nervous system.
  • "As far as to the application to preventing PTSD, I think what the military ultimately wants to do is to be able to develop and incorporate into their training program, similar to what the SEALS are doing, where you can expose recruits to stressful situations," he said. "But you also want to arm them with the psychological tools — that they need to recognize, that they need to function at maximum capacity during the stressful situation. And when it ends, they need to put it behind them and move on."
  • But the current treatment has a success rate of just 40 percent.
  •  
    PRI Public Radio International article talks about the use of war simulators BEFORE going into the war for soldiers to hopefully prevent them from getting PTSD in the future. Very interesting to see that doctors are trying to stop this illness even before the soldiers go into war.
Daryl Bambic

Behaviorism - 4 views

  • Psychology should be seen as a science. 
  • Its theoretical goal is … prediction and control” (1913, p. 158).
  • concerned with observable behavior,
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  • a person’s environment determines their behavior
  • 'tabula rasa' (a blank slate).
  • There is little difference between the learning that takes place in humans and that in other animals.  Therefore research can be carried out on animals as well as humans.
  • Behavior is the result of stimulus – response
  • no matter how complex,
  • All behavior is learnt from the environment
  • Limitations
  • Strengths
  • The psychodynamic approach (Freud) criticizes behaviorism as it does not take into account the unconscious mind’s influence on behavior, and instead focuses on external observable behavior.
  • (tabula rasa)
  • Humanism also rejects the nomothetic approach
  • humans have free will (personal agency
  • Chromosomes and hormones
  • Mediation processes occur between stimulus and response, such as memory, thinking, problem solving etc.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      What are the three main objections of the Behaviourism?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
       
      The three main objections is that human cannot be compare to animals, human have free will and they make their own decisions and it doesn't take into account the unconscious mind.
    • Julian Posteraro
       
      1) Humans have free will and are able to make their own decisions. This is objected because our actions are made based on our surroundings. 2) Animals and humans are not comparable. They are however because they can both be controlled by a stimulus for example. 3) People are born with a blank slate in their mind. Freud believed that they were actually born with instincts.  
    • kelsey sazant
       
      The three main objections of the Behaviourism is that humans cannot be accurately represented by animals because we have a different and more complex mind we also have free will and a different decision making process. Hormones also have a huge influence on our behaviour, this does not effect animals as drastically. 
    • Ally Talarico
       
      We are born with a "blank slate" therefore we are not born with a unconscious mind. Behavior isn't determined by our unconscious mind but by our environment. If it's not measurable, it's not a good theory. Also, we can't test on animals and just accept that they are the same as humans. They aren't. We are a lot more advanced and complex than most animals. We have free will and we make decisions differently than they do. 
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      What are the strengths of Behaviourism?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
       
      The strengths are that it's scientific so the experements done can support the theories. It helps us understand certain behaviours we have. Also, it can help us compare ourselves to animals since most of the experements are done on animals. 
    • Julian Posteraro
       
      Behaviourism is beneficial because knowing that a simple or complex stimulas can trigger a certain reaction, we can learn how to better control other people or animals. For example, a stimulas can be used to train your pet animal or to calm your energetic child down. Knowing that behaviourism is predictable, we can have a certain amount of subtle control over others when needed, in therapy for example. There are also many experiments that help support the theories of Behaviourism. This is also something that is common between animals and humans. We both can react a certain way based on our environment. 
    • Ally Talarico
       
      It's scientific, it's highly applicable through therapy, it emphasizes objective measurement. There are many experiments to support theories as well. 
    • kelsey sazant
       
      The main strengths of Behaviourism are that it is scientific and therefore can test and approve or reject falsifiable theories. It can also be used as therapy or treatment if used or understood properly. It also helps us understand our behaviours by comparing them to animals, this helps us further understand our own species through the observation of another. 
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Why is Behaviourism primarily concerned with observable behaviour? How is that different from Freudian psychoanalytic theory?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
       
      Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable  behaviour because it wants to have data and the only way to get it is by seeing something happen. It is different than the Freudian psychoanalytic because Freud's theory was that you can't change the behaviour, but in behaviourism we can change the reaction.  Behaviourism says that internal events like thinking will be explained with olur behaviour.
    • Jordyn Shell
       
      Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable  behaviour because the only way to know if something is occurring is to OBSERVE IT, hence 'observable behaviour' (behaviours which are required to be seen, like MLP said). It's different than Freud's theory because he believed that behaviour was permanent, no matter what the behaviour was. However you acted and such wasn't controllable or changeable.
    • Ally Talarico
       
      Behaviorism is proven by observation. Also, the theory explains that we can change the reaction of certain other actions. Freudian theory believes that behavior or permanent. Although we believe that we are being rational when making decisions, we really aren't.
    • Eli Michon
       
      Behaviorism need observation to be justified because you cant know what is happening unless it's witnessed. when thinking about this, i think of how a person under arrest is innocent until proven guilty. Freudian theory however presumed that behavior was a permanent thing and that every psychological advance you made would be determined and preset.
    • Julian Posteraro
       
      Behaviourism is concerned with observable behaviour because our environment determines our behaviour. Technically, people have no free will because every action made is a reaction to another. Freud doesn't take into consideration the unconscious mind and disregards behaviourism. He also believes that we are born with instincts and not with "tabula rasa". These two theories are different because if our surroundings can predetermine our behaviour, then our behaviour isn't permanent unless our environment is.  
    • kelsey sazant
       
      Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behaviour because the only way to be certain that a change is occurring is to see it. This is quite different than Freud's theory because he believed that the behaviours that humans have cannot be altered. However, although our behaviours are believed to be set in stone, some things like routines and environments can change our reactions and perspectives. 
    • Emilie L
       
      'Because the study of behavior(ism) relies on the things we do visually (thus observable behavior). Like the text mentions, its an external and measurable study, instead of "average" physcology which is passed off on internal oberservaton (thoughts). It's different because Freudian theory suggest that everything is done mentally: our decisions, reactions. Happens through the brain; behaviorism suggests that we can study something that is said to be in our minds, based off of our actions (externally)
Joe Inhaber

The Psychology of Music: Effects on Behavior, Intelligence, Learning, Pain and Health |... - 0 views

    • Joe Inhaber
       
      Different kinds of music better of your intelligence than others, Mozart Better than Metal.
  • Merrill h
  • ad one group of mice listen to classical music 24 hours a day and another to heavy metal music. He then timed the mice as they ran through mazes to see if the music affected their speed of learning.
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  • In a second experiment, mice that listened to Mozart for 10 hours a day dramatically improved their maze-solving abilities, while the heavy metal mice actually became worse at solving mazes than they had been at the beginning of the experiment.
    • Joe Inhaber
       
      Music Helps With Verbal Memory
  • intelligence test scores grew higher in children who took lessons in keyboarding or singing.
  • music lessons scored higher on tests of verbal memory than a control group of students without musical training.
  • classify words as violent or nonviolent, those who had listened to violent lyrics were more likely to ascribe aggressive meanings to words such as “rock” and “stick.”
  • link between youth violence and violent media, including music
  • professor James Gundlach found higher rates of suicide among those who listen to country music.
    • Joe Inhaber
       
      Country Music Is bad
  •  
    Music Behavior
Daryl Bambic

Short Form for the IPIP NEO-PI, Introductory Information - 0 views

  •  
    Personality test for the psychology students
Anthony Baloukas

Is Genius Born or Can It Be Learned? - TIME - 0 views

  • geniuses are the result of both good genes and good surroundings.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      This answers the question to my TFAD project. 
  • Geniuses are those who "have the intelligence, enthusiasm, and endurance to acquire the needed expertise in a broadly valued domain of achievement" and who then make contributions to that field that are considered by peers to be both "original and highly exemplary."
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      The definition of genius, and what it takes to actually be a special human being. 
  • How to produce genius is a very old question, one that has occupied philosophers since antiquity.
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      It's interesting to see that this question has been asked for a long time. If it were possible to produce a genius, would we eventually all live in a society filled with gifted individuals?
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  • There are IQ tests
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      There is a procedure to determine whether someone is a genius or not. 
  • the debate over what leads to genius has been dominated by a bitter, binary argument: is it nature or is it nurture — is genius genetically inherited, or are geniuses the products of stimulating and supportive homes?
  • "open to experience, introverted, hostile, driven, and ambitious."
    • Anthony Baloukas
       
      This is aid to be the main characteristics of a genius. 
  • Personality traits also matter.
alicia waid

Cannabis and mental health - 0 views

    • alicia waid
       
      Cannabis is too easy to access (become more and more easy to access, as well).  People are under the influence that smoking cannabis is not bad for you, and that it is, in fact, better than smoking tobacco.  However, this is not the case, as researchers are starting to see that cannabis might actually be causing mental illnesses. 
  • most drug users take other drugs in addition to cannabis create methodological problems and explain the dearth of reliable evidence
    • alicia waid
       
      It is believed that cannabis triggers the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed people, however this cannot be certain, because many of the people being researched on have taken other drugs, which makes it hard to determine wether the triggers are from the cannabis or from any of the other drugs.
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    • alicia waid
       
      During a test (that occurred over 15 years), it was discovered that by smoking marijuana during adolescence, you are increasing your risk of developing schizophrenia.  However, they are not certain that marijuana is the only cause: Other drugs might be a factor too, and a few other concepts. 
    • alicia waid
       
      In addition, research is showing that cannabis also has a relation with depression.  It was studied over a period of 15 years, and results show that by smoking cannabis, you are increasing your risk of developing a major depression.  It was also showed that the use of cannabis also increases the idea of suicide and inability to feel pleasure.  
    • alicia waid
       
      Although only few studies were talked about in the National institution of Health, they are enough to prove that cannabis increases ones rist of developing schizophrenia AND depression.  The studies also provide very little support to prove that there is also a link between marijuana and mental health problems that are largely due to self medication (harder to prove).  These studies are not trying to say that if you smoke cannabis you will develop schizophrenia or depression, however it is saying that those who are more vulnerable will.  
    • alicia waid
       
      It is important to note that those who use cannabis must reduce their usage if they want their risk of developing schizophrenia or depression to decrease.  It was estimated that if you were to have reduced your exposure to cannabis, the incidence of psychosis would have reduced treatment by as much as 50% (Dutch study).
    • alicia waid
       
      In a Swedish study, it was proved that the use of cannabis increases your chances of developing schizophrenia by 30%.  
    • alicia waid
       
      Even more people are anticipating that cannabis will continue to contribute to even more cases of mental illnesses in the future.
    • alicia waid
       
      With further analysis, it has been discovered that cannabis is the drug associated with the possibility of developing schizophrenia (and not the impact of other drugs).  
    • alicia waid
       
      During another experiment, it was found that 59 people with a basic diagnosis of a psychotic disorder show a strong association with the use of cannabis and psychosis.  It is evident that the longer you've been smoking the drug, the more your symtoms will worsen(there is a higher chance), just like with any other drug.  
    • alicia waid
       
      In New Zealand, it was discovered that people who smoke marijuana are three times more likely to develop schizophrenia, by the age of 15 or 18.  
    • alicia waid
       
      An Australian study was also made that shows the more you smoke cannabis, the higher your rates of anxiety or depression might be.  It was proven that this link is more prone to young women than young men, however this was not proved in any other study (except the australian one).  
    • alicia waid
       
      It was proven, however, that any young human being that has used cannabis three times or more by the age of 18 is more likely to have some sort of depressive disorder by the age of 26! (And unfortunately, this was proved even to those that stopped smoking cannabis and got themselves under control.  After the first 3 times, it was too late).
  • 1990s
  • The link between cannabis and psychosis is well established
  • link between use of marijuana and depression
  • triggers the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed people and also exacerbates the symptoms generally
  • use of marijuana during adolescence increased the risk of schizophrenia in a dose-response relation
  • possible causal role of other drugs, and prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia
  • led to the use of cannabis, rather than cannabis triggering the psychosis.
  • is associated with later schizophrenia and that this is not explained by prodromal symptoms
  • cannabis
  • relation between
  • strong association between use of cannabis and psychosis
  • Participants who showed psychotic symptoms at baseline and used cannabis had a worse outcome
  • used cannabis three times or more by age 15 or 18
  • more likely to have schizophreniform disorder at age 26
  • cannabis increased the risk of major depression
  • increase in suicidal ideation and anhedonia
  • the use of cannabis and anxiety or depression in a large cohort of 14-15 year olds followed for seven years
  • Length of exposure to use of cannabis predicted the severity of the psychosis
  • higher rates of anxiety or depression
  • frequency
  • study in the New Zealand
  • did not find an association between cannabis use at age 15 and depressive disorder at age 26
  • that young people who had used cannabis three times or more by age 18 were more likely to have a depressive disorder at age 26
  • findings strengthen the argument that use of cannabis increases the risk of schizophrenia and depression
  • importance of reducing the use of cannabis in people who use it
  • exposure to cannabis would have reduced the incidence of psychosis requiring treatment by as much as 50%
  • showing that the use of cannabis increased the risk of schizophrenia by 30%
  • cannabis will contribute to more episodes or new cases of the illness
Seb Potvin

The Stanford Prison Experiment: A Simulation Study of the Psychology of Imprisonment - 0 views

  • 24 college students from the U.S. and Canada who happened to be in the Stanford area and wanted to earn $15/day by participating in a study. On all dimensions that we were able to test or observe, the
    • Seb Potvin
       
      24 male students where chosen randomly.
Daryl Bambic

Falsifiability - 0 views

  • ogical possibility that an assertion could be shown false by a particular observation or physical experiment. That something is "falsifiable" does not mean it is false; rather, it means that if the statement were false, then its falsehood could be demonstrated.
  • falsifiability is a necessary (but not sufficient) criterion for scientific ideas. Popper asserted that unfalsifiable statements are non-scientific, although not without relevance.
  • A falsifiable theory that has withstood severe scientific testing is said to be corroborated by past experience, though in Popper's view this is not equivalent with confirmation and does not guarantee that the theory is true or even partially true.
Seb Potvin

Milgram Experiment - 0 views

    • Seb Potvin
       
      One of the most famous studies of obedience in psychology was studied by Stanley Milgram (1963)
    • Seb Potvin
       
      He did this test to answer the question: " Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders?
  •  
    Stanley Milgram experiment
Zach Fenlon

Post-traumatic stress disorder - TheFamily Health Guide - 1 views

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      This link is credible because it is from studies conducted by the well known University Harvard
  • Under the current official definition, PTSD is diagnosed only if you have been exposed to actual or threatened death or serious injury and responded with fear, helplessness, or horror.
  • The point in a person’s life when a trauma occurs may also predict her likelihood of developing the disorder.
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  • some women develop PTSD after a traumatic childbirth.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      I find this very interesting, i was completely unaware that a milestone this common could lead to PTSD. 
  • PTSD may also occur following a heart attack or diagnosis of cancer.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      More examples that i never even considered possible. 
  • Avoidance: Avoiding thoughts, feelings, activities, places, and people associated with the trauma. This may result in social withdrawal and becoming numb to positive as well as negative emotions.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      I did not know this to be a symptom. I wonder how easy it would be to identify. 
  • Symptoms lasting more than three months are considered chronic PTSD
  • Occasionally, someone develops “delayed PTSD” six months later or more, following a reminder of the event.
  • In the June 28, 2004, Archives of Internal Medicine, researchers from the Veterans Administration reported that women with PTSD have more medical conditions and worse physical health than non-traumatized women, even those with depression.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      At first i only associated PTSD with causing suicide, but i didn't realize that it is also impacted the physical health or it's subjects. 
  • “The amygdala appears to be overreactive in PTSD. We’re currently examining whether it is already overreactive, making someone more vulnerable to PTSD, or becomes that way in response to trauma,”
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      This interests me because from what i understand, perhaps PTSD could be avoided in patients who are already more vulnerable. 
  • the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex, appear not to function as well in those with PTSD.”
  • gradual and repeated exposure can reduce symptoms and help change how you respond to the triggering situations.
  • although not all clinical trials have shown them to work better than placebo.
    • Zach Fenlon
       
      I would like to read more on some of these studies. 
  • adrenaline acts to strengthen memories,
  • testing whether an adrenaline-reducing medication, the hypertension drug propranolol, might help block abnormal memory formation and prevent PTSD.
Joe Inhaber

Music and the Brain - 0 views

  • In general, responses to music are able to be observed. It has been proven that music influences humans both in good and bad ways.
  • usic is thought to link all of the emotional, spiritual, and physical elements of the universe
  • change a person's mood, and has been found to cause like physical responses in many people simultaneously
  • ...12 more annotations...
    • Joe Inhaber
       
      Mozart is good for you because it relaxes the brain.
  • The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozart's music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activate the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, causes the brain to be more capable of processing information.
  • strengthen or weaken emotions
  • releases neurons in the brain which help the body to relax.
  • certain types of music such as Mozart's Sonata for Two Piano's in D Major before taking a test
  • average of 119
  • f 111,
  • average of 110
  • Healthy and Not So Healthy Effects
  • studying the effects of the beat of the music. It was found that slow music could slow the heartbeat and the breathing rate as well as bring down blood pressure. Faster music was found to speed up these same body measurements.
  • One cannot deny the power of music.
  • study music have higher grade point averages that those who don't
Lauren Ganze

The Unexpected Link Between Schizophrenia and Creativity | Suite101.com - 0 views

  • Schizophrenia in itself is a maladaptive phenomenon
  • genes for paranoia encourage a healthy defensiveness in threatening environments
  • the only substantial research exploring a positive social benefit for psychosis has focused on creativity.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • just the right degree of social strife to facilitate the splitting of overlarge groups in primitive societies
    • Lauren Ganze
       
      Creativity is definitely an advantage
  • Perhaps some of their executive problems, for example their problems with verbal fluency tests, can actually give rise to creativity?
  • general agreement that creativity involves the production of novel, useful products"
  • multi-trait, multi-method analyses
  • produce novel and quality ideas and products.
  • A schizophrenic's abnormal behaviour and communication styles may in fact lead to incredible and unique creativity,
  • over-inclusive thinking, would facilitate originality which, in optimum circumstances, would lead to creativity.
  • Nancy Andreasen (2006) and Kay Redfield Jamison (1994) have done, finding high levels of mood disturbance and disorder in their samples of creative writers and artists, supporting this link between psychosis and creativity
  • claims to link genius with madness.
  • DARPP-32
  • Three quarters of all people inherit a version of this gene; it then enhances the brain’s ability to think by improving the information processing in the prefrontal cortex.
  • his gene also shapes and controls the nerve circuit closely involved with schizophrenia, hence the connection between genius and madness.
  • This also suggests that schizophrenia may be the downside to an evolutionary change that improved our chances of survival and our fitness, by improving our intelligence and creativity.
  • He found that first-degree relatives of psychotic patients are found to be more successful in attaining recognition in several fields of intellectual endeavour than the general population of the area in which he studied: Iceland. He also found that the fields in which they attained recognition were areas of creative and scholarly excellence.
  • It could be perhaps that although psychosis can cause enhanced creativity, the patient is too inhibited by their condition to use it to their advantage.
  • The importance of creativity for mankind is undeniable
  • Meyer-Lindenberg and colleagues in the NIMH Genes, Cognition and Psychosis program
  •  
    link between schizophrenia and creativity - may be evolutionary
Giuliano Musacchio

Inside A Psychopath's Brain: The Sentencing Debate : NPR - 0 views

  • The scores range from zero to 40
    • Giuliano Musacchio
       
      low numbers: GOOD high numbers: BAD
  • He says he can often see it in their eyes: There's an intensity in their stare, as if they're trying to pick up signals on how to respond. But the eyes are not an element of psychopathy, just a clue.
  • cores their pathology on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, which measures traits such as the inability to feel empathy or remorse, pathological lying, or impulsivity.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • He seems calm, even normal
    • Giuliano Musacchio
       
      They can be hard to identify, they seem like regular people
  • his IQ is over 140
    • Giuliano Musacchio
       
      They are smart...
  • The subjects rate whether the picture is a moral violation on a scale of 1 to 5. Kiehl says most psychopaths do not differ from normal subjects in the way they rate the photos: Both psychopaths and the average person rank the KKK with a burning cross as a moral violation. But there's a key difference: Psychopaths' brains behave differently from that of a nonpsychopathic person. When a normal person sees a morally objectionable photo, his limbic system lights up. This is what Kiehl calls the "emotional circuit," involving the orbital cortex above the eyes and the amygdala deep in the brain. But Kiehl says when psychopaths like Dugan see the KKK picture, their emotional circuit does not engage in the same way.
    • Giuliano Musacchio
       
      Look back on notes taken during documentary on the Brain, similar information and tests
  • He notes that alcoholics have brain abnormalities. Do we give them a pass if they kill someone while driving drunk?
  • Neuroscience and neuroimaging is going to change the whole philosophy about how we punish and how we decide who to incapacitate and how we decide how to deal with people
  • Just like DNA, he believes brain scans will eventually be standard fare. And that, he and others say, could upend our notions of culpability, crime and punishment.
    • Giuliano Musacchio
       
      This articles is very intriguing and similar to a part of the Brain documentary... This website seems credible because their is no advertisement, this is a well known new station and it is partners with pbs, which is a reliable source when it comes to news stories. This website is also very easy to contact.
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