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There are warning signs that you do need to be looking for.

they regard food as poison,"

"If they're acting around food as though it's toxic or poisonous, that should be a clue for you."

References to postpartum depression date back as far as the 4th century BC. Despite this early awareness, it has not always been recognized as an illness.

The sooner the condition is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment.

The mother may fear she is losing her mind or fear that others may feel she is unfit to be a mother.

In 1964, Marion Diamond and her colleagues published an exciting paper about brain growth in rats. The neuroscientists had conducted a landmark experiment, raising some rats in boring, solitary confinement and others in exciting, toy-filled colonies.

the “enriched” rats had thicker cerebral cortices than did the “impoverished” rats (Diamond et al 1964).

rats raised stimulating environments had bigger brains.

eft to languish in nursing homes where no one bothers with physical therapy or even to check for glimmers of regained consciousness

many patients with no outward signs of awareness retain some degree of consciousness

In Wallis’ case, brain scans revealed evidence that his brain had rewired itself to some extent to compensate for the injury

they agree that our brains have two complementary operating systems.

Automatic or Instinctual Brain

decision making

“Teens are in a discovery mode,” says Frances Jensen, MD, an HMS professor of neurology. “They’re experiencing new things, and their brains are developing accordingly. There’s simply a lot going on in their brains.”

The teenage brain matures from back to front. The posterior regions, especially those above the spinal column, are largely responsible for motor control. Their earlier maturation helps account for the quick acquisition of locomotion and other movement skills by young people. Maturation of many sensory regions also occurs early, enabling a growing person to learn from the surrounding world. The maturing of the forward regions of the brain, particularly the frontal lobe, doesn’t occur until late adolescence or early adulthood; some researchers say the region’s maturation may not be complete until age 30.

The ease of learning that most teens enjoy, however, can carry a steep cost: addiction. “The brain builds itself as it responds to experiences,” Jensen says. “With teens who experiment with drugs, this can result in addiction. It’s the same pattern as learning—we want more, more, more.”

Because values cannot be considered to be either true or false, science cannot prove or disprove them.

This factual information can and should be made available to help people formulate their values about abortion and incarceration, as well as to enable governments to articulate appropriate policies

Although scientists use research to help establish facts, the distinction between values and facts is not always clear-cut. Sometimes statements that scientists consider to be factual turn out later, on the basis of further research, to be partially or even entirely incorrect

because emotions have evolved in specific contexts.

Categorically denying emotions to animals because they cannot be studied directly does not constitute a reasonable argument against their existence.

Field research