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shreyadeyal

Trade and Transformation Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th Century East and... - 1 views

Shreya Deyal Taylor and Francis 222058469

shared by shreyadeyal on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • shreyadeyal on 25 Apr 23
     
    Taylor and Francis Article. Trade of Ivory in East Africa and how it developed, changed political systems and power struggles between Europeans, Arabs and African traders.
sinqobile

East Africa, Between the Zambezi and the Rovuma Rivers: Its People, Riches, and Develop... - 0 views

www.tandfonline.com/...00369225.1885.10807328

Sinqobile Mbutsi HISTORY 2A

shared by sinqobile on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • sinqobile on 25 Apr 23
     
    Evidence showing that the uploaded PDF about this topic is derived from Taylor and Francis.
ujhistprof

Continuous Assessment Guide HIS2A 2023(1).pdf - 11 views

Natasha Erlank This is what you have to do

shared by ujhistprof on 23 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • A primary source from the Gale Collection. We will cover this in the lecture on 6 March. WE WILL UPLOAD A SCREENSHOT TUTORIAL SHOWING YOU HOW TO USE GALE. You need to choose a primary source relating to a particular topic (you will be assigned a topic). You will need to download this source and attach it to Diigo. You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • A journal article that relates to the historical content of your topic, through JSTOR. JSTOR is accessible through the library website and you need to log in. You need to post the article you find to Diigo, and not just a screenshot of it. You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • A journal article that relates to the historical content of your topic, through TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. TAYLOR AND FRANCIS is accessible through the library website and you need to log in. You need to post the article you find to Diigo, and not just a screenshot of it. You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • 4. An image from the web which relates to the historical content of your topic. You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • 5. An article that concerns the historical content of your topic, but available freely on the web (ie newspaper article/ a popular piece of work/ a blog). You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • 5. An article that concerns the historical content of your topic, but available freely on the web (ie newspaper article/ a popular piece of work/ a blog). You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • ujhistprof on 23 Apr 23
     
    Hi everyone. Please consult these guidelines to your assignment. Many of you are posting the wrong things to Diigo. You don't need to post videos. Why are you posting videos? Don't forget to annotate.
bulelwa

Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Century East an... - 1 views

Anathi Johnson

shared by bulelwa on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ISSN: 0225-5189 (Print) 2158-9100 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcjd20
    • bulelwa
      bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      This serves as proof that this document was donwloaded from UJ database.
  • Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Century East and central Africa
    • bulelwa
      bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      Based on this title, this journal article will explore how the ivory trade contributed to the 19th century.
  • central
    • bulelwa
      bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      I am not interested in this region because Digo research allows me to explore East Africa.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • central Africa Ruth
  • The issue of policital leaders is covered extensively in the literature, so I will simply highlight a few key issues. First, ivory had important and widespread political meanings as a sign of authority and an item of tr
  • The value of these armlets grew as a result of the increasing scope and intensity of the ivory trade during the 19th century.
    • bulelwa
      bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      This shows that during the 19th century in East Africa ,ivory was powerful it had an influence on how much other things valued.
  • By the late 19th century, guns had been widely adopted as the elephant in Late hunter's tool of choice, though older methods were still used as well.
    • bulelwa
      bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      This marks a change in how elephants were poached, my Jstore article states that poachers used an axe to extract ivory from elephants, it was in the 19th century we see the use of guns, which id s a fast process to kill elephants.
  • My interest in the literature on the ivory trade and in 19th-century thinking about trade and its effects on Africa arose
    • bulelwa
      bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      In the introduction, there is an establishment of the places this journal will explore in terms of how the ivory trade affected them. But I am concerned with the East African region therefore my annotations will center more on things that involve ivory trade effects in East Africa
  • Ivory provided status and livelihood for porters engaged in transporting it. The ivory trade was crucial in the development of long-distance trade route
    • bulelwa
      bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      a new idea that builds from J store. In J store ivory was sold in markets, in this source we are introduced to ivory being traded in local markets.
    • bulelwa
      bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      This shows that ivory influenced politics.
  • bulelwa on 26 Apr 23
     
    This is a source from Taylor and Francis. It talks about the participation of East African societies during the late nineteenth century. Furthermore, it shows how ivory was an economic and political activity in East Africa during the nineteenth century. It also shows how the ivory trade led to a decline in the number of elephants in East Africa. This is the PDF version, I experienced technical difficulties when trying to annotate it from the original database. But inside this PDF I annotated evidence to show this document was downloaded from the UJ database.
xsmaa246

untitled.pdf - 3 views

Asmaa Al-Helou 221178198

shared by xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ‘Fighting Stick of Thunder’: Firearms and the Zulu Kingdom: The Cultural Ambiguities of Transferring Weapons Technology
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this article also speaks on firearms in southern Africa specifically south africa, however, this time unlike the other source it focuses on firearms in accordance with the Zulu kingdom and how they are used as the previous article from Taylor and Francis generally talked about it in south africa and how they used it for trade and hunting.
  • This paper investigates the reluctance of the nineteenth-century Zulu people of southern Africa fully to embrace fi rearms in their war-making, and posits that this was an expression of their military culture
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      basically saying that the paper will talk about why south africans did not embrace using guns in their wars.
  • ecause fi rearms were prestigious weapons, monopolized by the elite, or professional hunters, Zulu commoners had little opportunity to master them and continued to rely instead on their traditional weapons, particularly the stabbing-spear
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      because firearms were only owned and used by the elite or professional hunters it was hard for Zulu commoners to get their hands on them and so used their traditional weaponry.
  • ...27 more annotations...
  • n so, cultural rather than practical reasons were behind the rank and fi le’s reluctance to upgrade fi rearms to their prime weapon.
  • to unpack the Zulus’ own perception of their heroic military culture, it is argued that, because of the engrained Zulu cultural consensus that only hand-to-hand combat was appropriate conduct for a true fi ghting-man, killing at a distance with a fi rearm was of inferior signifi cance, and did not even entail the ritual pollution that followed homicide and the shedding of human blood. Only close combat was worthy of praise and commemoration.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      in the zulu culture, it is of inferior significance that zulu fight with firearms as they believe that they should fight through hand to hand
  • In his recent, richly nuanced study, Guns, Race, and Power in Colonial South Africa, William Kelleher Storey argues that, in the context of growing colonial cultural and economic infl uence, as well as of expanding political control in South Africa, ‘guns were useful commodities that people linked to new ways of thinking and behaving’. 2
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this here helps link my Taylor and Francis article which is the one that is highlighted. in this line taken from the article is says that the way in which guns were used by the South Africans affects how they behave for instance in this passage they used guns to kill in wars or fights whereas, in the other article, it talked about the usage of guns for trade and hunting.
  • By contrast, in South Africa, the spread of guns was far slower because of the sheer, vast extent of the sub-continent’s interior and its lack of ports
  • The Zulu required some time to become accustomed to the white’s fearsome muskets.
  • So, if we are to attempt to grasp what Zulu military culture entailed, and the tentative part fi rearms played in it, we must approach the matter as best we can from the Zulu perspective
  • As we have already learned from Singcofela, killing at a distance with a gun was of quite a different order from killing with an ‘assegai’, the short-hafted, long-bladed iklwa or stabbing-spear. The iklwa was used only at close quarters, when an underarm stab — normally aimed at the abdomen — was followed, without withdrawing, by a rip. In 1929, Kumbeka Gwabe, a veteran of the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879, remembered how at the battle of Isandlwana he killed a British soldier who fi red at him with his revolver and missed: ‘I came beside him and stuck my assegai under his right arm, pushing it through his body until it came out between his ribs on the left side. As soon as he fell I pulled the assegai out and slit his stomach so I knew he should not shoot any more of my peop
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this tells us that in the zulu perspective, the guns did not work the same as the Assegai that allowed the veteran to strike the enemy with it .
  • This was the weapon of the hero, of a man who cultivated military honour or udumo (thunder), and who proved his personal prowess in single combat
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      it was more honorable for the veteran to use traditional weapons than a gun to kill and that is why south Africans had reluctance to use firearms.
  • These too were integral to the ethos of Zulu masculinity, but overt courage and insatiable ferocity were the hallmarks of the great warrior.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      using guns basically affected a man's masculinity and status.
  • As such, the traders owed him military service, and it quickly came to Shaka’s attention that they possessed muskets.
  • Consequently, whereas at one extreme the Sotho thoroughly embraced fi rearms, considerably modifi ed their traditional methods of warfare, and successfully took on Boers and Britons alike, at the other extreme the Zulu only gingerly made use of fi rearms and did not permit them to affect their way of warfare to any marked degree.
  • ‘This stick which they carry, what is it for?’ (This was said by the earliest Zulus of the gun that was carried, for they did not know that it was a weapon.) Tshaka then wanted the carrier (a European) to aim at a vulture hovering above with this stick of theirs. The European did so, and fi red, bang! The sound caused all round about to fall on hands and knees. The bird was brought down. Wonderful!
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      description of what South Africans knew about a gun
  • Shaka, as Makuza indicated, was very much taken up with muskets and their military potential. Jantshi ka Nongila, who was born in 1848 and whose father had served as a spy under Shaka, described how Shaka was remembered as testing the power of muskets by having the white traders aim at cattle at different distances.
  • 16 In 1826, he used the limited but alarming fi repower of the Port Natal traders and their trained African retainers against his great rivals, the Ndwandwe people, in the decisive battle of the izinDolowane hills; and in 1827, he again used their fi repower in subduing the Khumalo people.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this is an indicator that Shaka used guns on his enemies.
  • In part, the Zulu reluctance to take up fi rearms lay in the initial diffi culty in obtaining them
  • had bartered fi fty stands of arms and a quantity of gunpowder. He warned that, hitherto, the Zulu ‘had used them only in their little wars but the king stated to me that should he fi nd himself unable to overcome his enemies by the weapons most familiar to his people he would then have recourse to them’. 19
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      it seems that king Dingane has gotten arms and stated that he would use them on his enemies if he is unable to defeat them. this is a note that guns were used in wars by south africans.
  • In his praises Dingane was celebrated as ‘Jonono who is like a fi ghting-stick of thunder [a gun]!’
  • Dingane appreciated the power of fi rearms.
  • During the 1830s, guns began to be traded into Zululand in greater numbers, much to the despair of the missionary Captain Allen Gardiner. He saw in this incipient trade a Zulu threat to all their neighbours, and was much disheartened, in 1835, when the Zulu elite evinced no interest in the word of God, but only in his instruction in the best use of the onomatopoeic ‘issibum’, or musket. 21
  • Thus, when the Voortrekkers came over the Drakensberg passes in late 1837 and encamped in Zululand, Dingane knew that they and their guns posed a deadly threat to his kingdom. Dingane’s treacherous attempt, early in 1838, to take the Voortrekkers unawares and destroy them, was only partially successful.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      they were unable to fight back because the Voortrekkers had more gun advantage and were able to kill Zulus under shelter. this is another indictor of the usage of guns in south africa
  • The Zulus’ disastrous defeats at Voortrekker hands only confi rmed the chilling effi cacy of fi rearms and the need to possess the new weapons.
  • Yet the new weapons technology could not be ignored. From the late 1860s, fi rearms began to spread rapidly throughout South Africa, thanks in large part to the mineral revolution, and the need for African labour
  • young Pedi men (in what became a recognized rite of manhood) regularly made their way to the labour markets of Natal and the Cape and bought fi rearms from guntraders with their earning
  • White hunters sold these items on the world markets and recruited and trained Africans in the use of fi rearms to assist them in obtaining them. 48 Ivory, in particular, was equally a source of wealth for the Zulu king, who was no longer content with his men killing elephants (as described by the hunter, Adulphe Delagorgue) by stabbing them with spears and letting them bleed to death, or driving them into pits fi lled with stakes. 49 The king required fi rearms for the task.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this also shows that they used firearms for hunting
  • As we have seen, the Zulu adoption of fi rearms was partial and imperfect, hedged about by all sorts of hindrances, both practical and essentially cultural. Only a handful of men who had close contact with white hunters and traders were eas
  • with fi rearms, and knew how to use them
  • Otherwise, as we have seen, the bulk of amabutho continued to treat their guns like throwing spears, to be discarded before the real hand-to-hand fi ghting began.
mzamombewana

Great Britain and Portugal in East Africa - 7 views

www.tandfonline.com/...00369228908732385

Mzamo Mbewana History 2A Slavery

shared by mzamombewana on 16 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • A veryhigh price was obtained for slaves in Brazil when the gold mines wereopened; every one sold slaves, and Government got an export duty of §18or about £4 sterling per head. If the parting with the population ofthe Zambesi valley reduced the province to a skeleton, and caused greatexpense from deficiency of revenue, it indicates that you cannot sell thepopulation and retain effective possession of the country.
    • mzamombewana
      mzamombewana on 16 Apr 23
       
      This annotation indicates the value slaves captured in Zambezi East Africa by the Portuguese were exchanged with Brazilian mines of gold. It also indicates the effect Portuguese caused on the regions populations by capturing and selling slaves.
  • In this interval the status of slavery was renderedillegal in Portuguese possessions, but nevertheless, the facilities accordedto Serpa Pinto were in connection with the slave-trade, which had toa certain extent been diverted from Kilwa and Lindi to Ibo pre-vious to 1885.
    • mzamombewana
      mzamombewana on 16 Apr 23
       
      Annotations indicates the illegal possession of slave capturing and routing by the Portuguese in the region of East Africa.
  • As part of the plan at present being worked out is said to be thatJesuit missionaries are to take up their position near the Protestant mis-sions in Nyassaland, it seems as though the Jesuits, who have been moreprominent in Portugal since the misunderstanding with this country,were taking the opportunity of pushing their own plans by gettingcountenance given to the slave-dealers who have attacked our country-men.
    • mzamombewana
      mzamombewana on 16 Apr 23
       
      Annotations indicates how Superior tension between European states British and Portugal intensified the slave capturing and transporting in East Africa.
  • mzamombewana on 16 Apr 23
     
    This Article from Taylor and Francis explains the Portuguese connections and establishments of slavery capturing in Central African province Nyassaland. It further elaborates the conflict of British and Portuguese over the area.
wandile_masoka

Journal article from Taylor and Francis of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage - ... - 1 views

doi.org/...21619441.2021.1878794

E. Ann McDougall

shared by wandile_masoka on 03 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • wandile_masoka on 03 Apr 23
     
    From Slavery to Post-Slavery in Nouakchott's bidonvilles, Mauritania.
wandile_masoka

The Wages of Slavery - 1 views

doi.org/9781315037288

Wandile Masoka 222029192

shared by wandile_masoka on 07 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • wandile_masoka on 07 Apr 23
     
    The wages of Slavery. This is a journal article from tailor and francis
  • wandile_masoka on 25 Apr 23
     
    Journal article from TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. This article shows the wages that slaves used to earn and how they earned it. It is proposed that The Americas and Africa at the institute of common wealth studies of London University on 9-10 May 1991 on the other hand was more concerned with work practises before and after the abolition of chattel slavery, the nature of the working week, subsistence and surplus for slaves and free persons, labour negotiations and confrontations and the differing patterns of transition to new labour regimes.
mzangwathuto

Manufacturing crisis: "Anti slavery 'Humanitarianism' and imperialism in East Africa, 1... - 5 views

doi.org/...03086534.2020.1816623

Thuto222103823

shared by mzangwathuto on 14 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • mzangwathuto on 14 Apr 23
     
    Unangst wrote about the European's quest to stop slavery in East Africa during 1888 to 1890.
  • ujhistprof on 14 Apr 23
     
    Hi Thuto You need to share the article. What you are sharing shows that you accessed the front page of the article directly through Taylor and Francis. You need to access via the UJ library and attach the PDF of the article, also annotating where you see mention of slavery. Good luck.
LIYEMA MTOLI

TIFFANY AND FRANCIS ARTICLE - 4 views

www.tandfonline.com/...j.1540-6563.1992.tb00885.x

History 2A SLAVERY LIYEMAMTOLI 221084066

shared by LIYEMA MTOLI on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • LIYEMA MTOLI on 26 Apr 23
     
    This is furthermore information that delves deep into the visit of Sir Bartle Frere in Zanzibar, 1873 from Taylor and Francis. This article does not only tell us about the arrival of Sir Bartle Frere, but also shows other parties that how they were involved, as well as their role in the mission of Sir Bartle Frere.
  • ...1 more comment...
  • cinderellaochu on 06 May 23
     
    This source is not shared correctly. It only shows the page preview.
  • LIYEMA MTOLI on 18 May 23
     
    Events that lead up to Sir Bartle Frere's visit to propose slavery abolition in Zanzibar. Sir Bartle Frere was not the only person who was against slave trade in Zanzibare, this article gives more information on what happened.
  • cinderellaochu on 25 May 23
     
    This is also uploaded incorrectly.
makhoba

Young Converts: Christian Missions, Gender and Youth in Onitsha, Nigeria 1880-1929.pdf - 3 views

Luyanda Makhoba

shared by makhoba on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Christian faith, to become the "helpmeets" for their Christian male contemporaries and proper mothers of the next Christian (hopefully Anglican) generation. Women, therefore, mattered to CMS missionaries both as the domestic purveyors of an Anglican culture and as exemplars for women's christianization throughout the Nigerian southeast. While Anglican Igbo women, too, were to be missionaries of a sort, their mission was to be bounded by the walls of their European-style homes or, at most, kept to specific Christian localities over which their husbands held priestly sw
  • C[raven]. R. Wilson)' In the late nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth Church Missionary Society (Anglican) missionaries, both of African and European descent, became interested in gaining converts among Igbo-speaking women in southeastern Nigeria. Schooling was an integral part of the conversion process. This education was perceived by the missionaries as a concomitant training to that of young, Igbo-speaking men. Igbo men were seen as the deepest foundations of the Anglican church in southeastern Niger
  • In the late nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth Church Missionary Society (Anglican) missionaries, both of African and European descent, became interested in gaining converts among Igbo-speaking women in southeastern Nigeria. Schooling was an integral part of the conversion process. This education was perceived by the missionaries as a concomitant training to that of young, Igbo-speaking men. Igbo men were seen as the deepest foundations of the Anglican church in southeastern Niger
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Female missionaries, perhaps acting out of their own experiences of domestic isolation as well as Christian feminist principles, tried to mitigate this isolation somewhat by establishing women's groups at school. One such group was the Scripture Union, for those women who could read their Bibles and by encouraging Christian women who had graduated from their training to meet periodically as "Old Girls" or members of Christian women's associations. In the early 1900s regular Women's Conferences were established by joint committees of female missionaries and prominent Old Girls. The first of these conferences was held in Janu
  • CMS missionaries first appeared in Onitsha, on the eastern banks of the Niger River, in the 1860s-partially in response to Bishop Crowther's shrewd economic and political assessment of the future importance of the town for European colonialism. When the first missionary (the Rev. Taylor, a repatriated Igbo) arrived, however, he found that Christian evangelism in the town would be difficult and fraught with dangers. Ndi onicha (Onitsha people) eagerly accepted European merchandise and were already involved with the representatives of European trading firms. They were, however, highly skeptical of the offer of a new religion, particularly once they discovered that African CMS missionaries were accorded little respect by western traders. This meant that important Onitsha elders kept their distance from the missionar
  • h century. Missionaries of African descent were recruited in an evangelical campaign in that city by Anglican Bishop Samuel Crowther (a repatriated Yoruba speaker) duri
    • makhoba
      makhoba on 25 Apr 23
       
      They used evangelic way to recruit in 1860s.
  • Although the majority of Igbo-speaking girls during this period were unlikely to approach the missions, Dennis' account shows us that some were not only willing to take the risk of offending their parents and destroying their patrilineally arranged marital opportunities, they had determined upon it. For Dennis, of course, these were the "women who wanted to be good," but from the point of view of Idumuje Ugboko elders, they must have seemed young hellions, bent on destroying proper gender relations along with carefully constructed networks of alliance and affinity. The picture of girls dragged screaming into the night was constructed by Dennis to woo potential CMS donors for a girls' training institution in western Igbo. Nonetheless, there remains in the account something of the horror and embarrassment that must have been felt by every participant in these evening dr
  • Although the majority of Igbo-speaking girls during this period were unlikely to approach the missions, Dennis' account shows us that some were not only willing to take the risk of offending their parents and destroying their patrilineally arranged marital opportunities, they had determined upon it. For Dennis, of course, these were the "women who wanted to be good," but from the point of view of Idumuje Ugboko elders, they must have seemed young hellions, bent on destroying proper gender relations along with carefully constructed networks of alliance and a
  • The children of Christian women had already proved to be the foundation of the Anglican church in the forty years since its inception in Igboland, and CMS missionaries were eager to maintain a hold on the imaginations of children to come through their mothers' examples of f
  • The CMS missionaries therefore had to respond to their own ambivalences about both the centrality of marriage to Christian culture (most of the women missionaries were unmarried while in the Niger Mission) and the need to establish a proper, liminal period of "youth" or "girlhood" for christianized women to prepare them for their duties as wives and helpmeets to Christian husbands. Older women were welcome as converts, but the missionaries were constantly disappointed at how little influence such women seemed to hold over their "heathen" husbands, at least in terms of evangelis
  • Missionized men who showed some interest in evangelism were, by the 1910s, often sent off to villages at some distance from mission centers like Onitsha in order to prepare the way for more professional missionaries or to demonstrate their own fitness for more evangelical responsibility. Their young, recently trained wives would either accompany them directly or be sent for after completing their course.27 Wives' immediate duties included assisting their husbands in setting up Bible studies as well as developing a mod
  • ujhistprof on 16 May 23
     
    not relevant to your topic because its W.Africa
naicker222027679

The ancient civilisation, trade, and commerce of Eastern Africa - 7 views

www.tandfonline.com/...14702548608555255

Xantia Naicker History 2A

shared by naicker222027679 on 16 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • when invited to address the Geographical Society of this great city, I felt it a high honour, and gladly accepted the invita- tion.
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      the writer felt honoured to have been invited to the event to talk about the geographical society
  • perplexed
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      to be unsure about something
  • To repeat one's- self again and again is to confess to a sad lack of fertility
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      do not repeat yourself it causes bad luck
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • Ancient Civilisation
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      civilisation of the oldest days
  • Eastern Africa."
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      east part of africa
  • theoretically
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      something that has been proven
  • practically useful
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      something that can be done practically
  • ancient activity
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      activities that were done in the past
  • To many of you, I have no doubt, there will be no more interesting point in connection with East Africa
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      the speaker spoke about the fact time many were doubting that there will be no connection with East Africa.
  • Respecting the origin of these cities there has been plentiful specula- tion.
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      speculations were made regarding the origins of the cities.
  • The absence of all clue to their origin, together with the fact that the ruins are situated in the heart of the country reported by the natives to be the richest of all South Africa in gold, and the discovery of old surface gold mines in the district in which they stand, have not tended to diminish speculation regarding them.
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      clues are not there about the origins of the country of South Africa in relation to gold
  • enumerated,
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      affected by strong feelings of love, admiration, or fascination.
  • archmological
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      the scientific study of material remains (such as tools, pottery, jewelry, stone walls, and monuments) of past human life and activities
  • archaeo- logists to determine.
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      archaeologists are people that discover things of the past and determine if they are true.
  • practical reasons.
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      reasons that can be seen
  • I believe we may conclude that it formed in ancient days one of the sources of the supply of gold
    • mercymmadibe071
      mercymmadibe071 on 16 Apr 23
       
      sources of gold were concluded in the ancient days.
  • s of brass; slaves, horses, mules; carpets, ivory,
  • ory, cheap and very abundant, rhinoceros horns, tortoise-shell, superior to any on the coast, and nauTlius,"--of the nature of which we are ignorant
  • Silver, tin, lead, and vessels of brass; slaves, horses, mules; carpets, ivory, ebony; pearls and silks; wheat, barley, honey, oil, and gums; wine, wool, and iron, were chief amongst the products which were carried to Tyre by sea or to its fairs by
  • frica would be as their native seas ? Much that the Arabian needed, his "durra," rice, ivory, and more especially his slaves, could only have been obtained from Eastern Africa, and we have every reason to believe that from the earliest ages he formed settlements there, and traded with African tribes for these articles and for gold
  • Ivory, brought in great quantities from the interior, rhinoceros horns, gold, and tortoise-shells from the East African coast.
  • ujhistprof on 18 May 23
     
    not historical
ntswaki

The Tensions of Internationalism: Transnational Anti-Slavery in the 1880s and 1890s - 1 views

''Ntswaki221077102'' History 2A

shared by ntswaki on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • In 1888 Cardinal Lavigerie, the Archbishop of Algiers and Carthage, launched his ‘anti-slavery crusade’. Drawing attention to slave raids in Africa and to the East African slave trade, this initiative resulted in the foundation of several new antislavery associations.
    • ntswaki
      ntswaki on 26 Apr 23
       
      this journal focuses on the final two decades of the nineteenth century and the period in which the transatlantic slave trade had all but ceased, with Cuba (1880/86) and Brazil (1888) being the last parts of the Americas where slavery was abolished
  • nti-slavery; empire; internationalism; humanitarianism; transnational history; civilising mission
    • ntswaki
      ntswaki on 26 Apr 23
       
      it also gives full understanding on the issue of anti-slavery and civilising mission on this on this journal we come to understand the full history of anti-slavery, my point of choosing this journal it was to make sure that i come to understnad more about the other sides of slaves and the full history of slavery not looking only on the zanzibar topic
lizziemagale

"lizzie Magale" Original Articles Bechuanaland, with some remarks on Mashonaland and Ma... - 1 views

"lizzie Magale" Original Articles Bechuanaland, with some remarks on Mashonaland and Matebeleland Read at Meeting of Society, 24th March 1887 John Mackenzie Pages 291-315 | Published online: 30 Jan 2008

Taylor and Francis

shared by lizziemagale on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • lizziemagale on 26 Apr 23
     
    This is when missionaries discovered the earliest communities in the Southern Africa. The contacts with the Europeans are considered to be limited. The european and the natives were open for new development .
matimbababsy

Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Century East an... - 1 views

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Century East and central Africa
  • My interest in the literature on the ivory trade and in 19th-century thinking about trade and its effects on Africa arose out of my thesis on the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition was one of the last major European expeditions into the interior of Africa in the nineteenth century.
  • The expedition spent months in the forests of the Eastern Studies Congo, the frontier of the ivory trade at the time, and it was closely connected with some of the leading traders in the region
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      The expedition took place at the peak of ivory trade.
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • Despite the expedition's name, it was as much about rescuing Emin Pasha's supposedly fabulous stock of ivory as it was about providing him with ammunition and a patron for his administration of Sudan's Equatoria province.
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This goes to show how lucrative the ivory trade really was.
  • The railway was to be funded by the stocks of ivory supposedly to be found inexpensively in the interior.
  • Work on these aspects of the expedition led me to survey the literature on the late 19th-century ivory trade in East and Central Africa
  • First, discussions of long-distance trade focus almost entirely on the slave trade, even when authors say they are going to discuss the ivory trade.
  • This does not mean that the literature presents the ivory Canadian Journal trade as having had the same consequences everywhere or that it always o/~evdopment moved at an equal rate.
  • The ivory trade is then said to have initiated a distinctive, predictable chain of consequences in these two kinds of territories.
  • Further, according to the literature, by the mid-19th century, the ivory trade was mostly in the hands of non-Africans, creating a progressive denial of agency to peoples in the interior, which culmi- nated in the radical disjuncture of European imperial control.
  • Finally, the literature assumes a clear connection between the demand for ivory and the supply of ivory, embodied in coast-based traders, though revi- sionist literature also assigns an important role to traders from the interior.
  • First, ivory had important and widespread political meanings as a sign of authority and an item of tribute.
  • This was frequently expressed in terms of rights to the "ground tusk:' the tusk from the side of the dead elephant that lay on the ground. Ivory had corresponding uses in regalia and displays of power, both material and ritual
  • Third, societies involved in the ivory trade created their own sets of frontiers. These might include areas where ivory was acquired through hunting by members of the society, areas where ivory was acquired through Canadian trade with others, areas where ivory was an established item of tribute and, as Journal of~evelopment it became scarcer, areas where ivory was obtained by taxing or plundering Studies trade caravans.
  • As Wright notes, while wealth in people - whether dependents, clients or women -was potential, wealth in ivory was relatively liquid and fungible, a strong incentive for both established leaders and "ambitious upstarts" seeking to acquire it (1985, p. 540)
  • In both the Eastern Congo and Southern Sudan, coercion was an essential feature of the ivory trade in the late 19th century and a notable part of the accom- panying reconfiguration of political and economic structures there.
  • E. PORTERS, CARAVAN ROUTES AND TRADE COMMUNITIES Ivory provided status and livelihood for porters engaged in transporting it.
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This here shows the status that ivory trade provided to the traders.
  • The ivory trade was crucial in the development of long-distance trade routes by peoples in the interior, particularly by the Nyamwezi and the Yao.
  • Within the long-distance caravans, carriers of ivory had a higher status than did carriers of other trade goods (Cummings, 1973, p. 113). Porters who could carry the largest tusks single-handedly (up to double the standard load of 60 lbs.) were given special status and substantially larger food rations (Lamden, 1963, p. 157 and 159).
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      Further information on the prestige and status that ivory trade gave the traders.
  • matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
     
    This is a pdf with annotations derived from Taylor & Francis online journals.
shreyadeyal

east africa ivory trade jstor.pdf - 2 views

Shreya Deyal JSTOR 222058469

shared by shreyadeyal on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • shreyadeyal on 25 Apr 23
     
    JSTOR journal article. Trading in east Africa of ivory. Similarities between Taylor and Francis article and this journal article. Recurring themes: caravan routes, looting of materials to trade for ivory, Zanzibar, Mozambique and Eastern or the basin of Congo, soft ivory, power struggles between Arabs and Europeans, manufacturing goods.
seeranefm

ANNUAL ADDRESS READ BEFORE THE \"SOUTH AFRICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,\" - 1 views

doi.org/...21560382.1884.9526188

seeranefm 220111934 Taylor & Francis online

shared by seeranefm on 22 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • cinderellaochu on 21 May 23
     
    This is also not shared properly. It shows the landing page rather than the article.
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