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matimbababsy

The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century.pdf - 2 views

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • THE EAST AFRICAN IVORY TRADE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
  • It is mentioned in the first accounts of geographers and travellers, and they give it more prominence than the slave-trade.
  • THE East African ivory trade is an ancient one.
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • It may have been the search for ivory which brought the first ships around Cape Guardafui, and then southwards along the East African coast.
  • uring the Portuguese domination of the coast
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This statement here shows and proves how prominent and fast growing the ivory trade was compared to the slave trade in Eastern Africa.
  • Reference to the export of ivory from the East African coast continues throughout the early and later middle ages
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This here highlights the start of the ivory trade in east Africa.
  • Masudi, writing in the early 10th century says that elephants were extremely common in the land ofZinj, and that it was from this country that large elephant tusks were obtained:' Most of the ivory is carried to Oman whence it is sent to India and China'. Marco Polo refers to the East African coast and states: 'they have elephants in plenty and drive a brisk trade in tusks'. 2
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This statement here proves or shows how the ivory was obtained and traded in Eastern Africa.
  • By the second century A.D. the coast, as far as 10° S., was 'subject under some ancient right to the sovereignty of the power which held the primacy in Arabia', and Arab merchants were exporting ivory from it in great quantit
  • from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, ivory continued to be an important export;
  • it receives more mention in Portuguese records than does the slave trade.
  • In the sixteenth century 30,000 lb. of ivory passed through the port of Sofala yearly.
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      More evidence on how vastly the ivory trade was growing.
  • East African ivory is soft ivory and is ideal for carving. It was in keen demand in the Orient because of its superior quality and because it was less expensive than that from south-east Asia. But in addition to the markets of the East, East African ivory was much sought after in Europe for the large ivory carving centres which had grown up in southern Germany and in the Low Countries during the Middle Ages, and which supplied large numbers of religious reliquaries and artistic novelties for Christian Europe.
  • But it was in the nineteenth century that the great development of the East African ivory trade took place
  • An
  • increased demand for ivory in America and Europe coincided with the opening up of East Africa by Arab traders and European explorers, and this led to the intensive exploitation of the ivory resources of the interior. Throughout the nineteenth century, East Africa ranked as the foremost source of ivory in the world; ivory over-topped all rivals, even slaves, in export value, and it
  • retained this position right up until the end of the century.
  • The ivory trade was lucrative, and the Masai, despite their vaunted aloofness, were eager to share in it, and strove to drive the Waboni tribe from the southern bank of the Sabaki River, so that they could gain access to the port of Malindi with their ivory
  • matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
     
    This is a journal article derived from Cambridge through JSTOR and annotated as pdf.
matimbababsy

April 1876 - Document - Nineteenth Century Collections Online - 1 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • All these present ivory trades, notwithstanding what has been done to stop the Slave Trade by sea, are worked in concert with and by means of the Slave Trade.
  • These slaves are mostly taken to Jerige (the ľoľniľv Ù- n d ^ Κ ,n °o to sell there for ivory-a trader now making a journey to one'diivcd'ľ t^get Jes, and then another to dispose of them again m another ,i;..,.,.tm,i not finding a ready sale for them at the coast.
  • ivory trade
matimbababsy

Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Centu... - 11 views

www.tandfonline.com/...02255189.1998.9669768

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 18 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Century East and central Africa
  • It suggests ways in which various groups, both African and external, participated in the ivory trade.
  • While late 19th-century British debates about trade with Africa had no direct counterpart in the African communities involved in the ivory trade, the changing nature and meaning of trade and trade goods produced a variety of contending political, social and economic options.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • his participation grew out of differing beliefs about the power of trade to bring about economic, social and political change.
    • lindo247
      lindo247 on 25 Apr 23
       
      Ivory trade taught so many Africans about how can the country grow its economy using trade.
  • Rosina Ntoi on 25 Apr 23
     
    This literature explains the whole history of ivory trade in the east and central Africa looking mainly at who were the participants such as elephants or political leaders, the failure of literature regarding the ivory trade in Africa and lastly the changes of ivory consumption.
matimbababsy

Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Century East an... - 1 views

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Century East and central Africa
  • My interest in the literature on the ivory trade and in 19th-century thinking about trade and its effects on Africa arose out of my thesis on the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition was one of the last major European expeditions into the interior of Africa in the nineteenth century.
  • The expedition spent months in the forests of the Eastern Studies Congo, the frontier of the ivory trade at the time, and it was closely connected with some of the leading traders in the region
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      The expedition took place at the peak of ivory trade.
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • Despite the expedition's name, it was as much about rescuing Emin Pasha's supposedly fabulous stock of ivory as it was about providing him with ammunition and a patron for his administration of Sudan's Equatoria province.
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This goes to show how lucrative the ivory trade really was.
  • The railway was to be funded by the stocks of ivory supposedly to be found inexpensively in the interior.
  • Work on these aspects of the expedition led me to survey the literature on the late 19th-century ivory trade in East and Central Africa
  • First, discussions of long-distance trade focus almost entirely on the slave trade, even when authors say they are going to discuss the ivory trade.
  • This does not mean that the literature presents the ivory Canadian Journal trade as having had the same consequences everywhere or that it always o/~evdopment moved at an equal rate.
  • The ivory trade is then said to have initiated a distinctive, predictable chain of consequences in these two kinds of territories.
  • Further, according to the literature, by the mid-19th century, the ivory trade was mostly in the hands of non-Africans, creating a progressive denial of agency to peoples in the interior, which culmi- nated in the radical disjuncture of European imperial control.
  • Finally, the literature assumes a clear connection between the demand for ivory and the supply of ivory, embodied in coast-based traders, though revi- sionist literature also assigns an important role to traders from the interior.
  • First, ivory had important and widespread political meanings as a sign of authority and an item of tribute.
  • This was frequently expressed in terms of rights to the "ground tusk:' the tusk from the side of the dead elephant that lay on the ground. Ivory had corresponding uses in regalia and displays of power, both material and ritual
  • Third, societies involved in the ivory trade created their own sets of frontiers. These might include areas where ivory was acquired through hunting by members of the society, areas where ivory was acquired through Canadian trade with others, areas where ivory was an established item of tribute and, as Journal of~evelopment it became scarcer, areas where ivory was obtained by taxing or plundering Studies trade caravans.
  • As Wright notes, while wealth in people - whether dependents, clients or women -was potential, wealth in ivory was relatively liquid and fungible, a strong incentive for both established leaders and "ambitious upstarts" seeking to acquire it (1985, p. 540)
  • In both the Eastern Congo and Southern Sudan, coercion was an essential feature of the ivory trade in the late 19th century and a notable part of the accom- panying reconfiguration of political and economic structures there.
  • E. PORTERS, CARAVAN ROUTES AND TRADE COMMUNITIES Ivory provided status and livelihood for porters engaged in transporting it.
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      This here shows the status that ivory trade provided to the traders.
  • The ivory trade was crucial in the development of long-distance trade routes by peoples in the interior, particularly by the Nyamwezi and the Yao.
  • Within the long-distance caravans, carriers of ivory had a higher status than did carriers of other trade goods (Cummings, 1973, p. 113). Porters who could carry the largest tusks single-handedly (up to double the standard load of 60 lbs.) were given special status and substantially larger food rations (Lamden, 1963, p. 157 and 159).
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
       
      Further information on the prestige and status that ivory trade gave the traders.
  • matimbababsy on 25 Apr 23
     
    This is a pdf with annotations derived from Taylor & Francis online journals.
matimbababsy

Blood-Stained Ivory: The Dark History of the Trade in Elephant Tusks | Ancient Origins - 1 views

www.ancient-origins.net/...ivory-trade-0018133

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The ivory trade is a story as old as human civilization, filled with tales of adventure, greed, and exploitation.
  • For millennia, ivory has been prized for its beauty, rarity, and versatility, making it one of the most valuable commodities in the world.
  • Ivory and Slavery
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • It didn’t take long for the growing ivory trade and the growing slavery trade to start going hand in hand.
  • In East and Central Africa, African and Arab slave traders began traveling inland, hunting down large numbers of captives and elephants at the same time.
  • They would enslave the local population and then force them to transport the ivory along the coast.
  • Ivory trade, East Africa, 1880s/1890s.
  • The period of 1856-1857 also saw a sharp jump in the price of ivory.
  • This led to Arab traders rushing into the region looking to make quick money. With them came a major influx of guns, which further stimulated the ivory hunt.
  • n 1889 Zanzibar exported 222 tons, with the number averaging out to around 180 tons by the end of the century.
  • From 1893-1894, 41000 tusks were exported from East Africa at a weight of 351 tons. 
  • matimbababsy on 26 Apr 23
     
    This is an article on the African ivory trade from its very beginnings and i have annotated mostly the part talking about ivory trade in east Africa.
matimbababsy

The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century on JSTOR - 1 views

www.jstor.org/...179483

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • But the great development came in the nineteenth century when an increased demand for ivory in America and Europe coincided with the opening up of East Africa by Arab traders and European explorers.
  • The onslaught on the ivory resources of the interior took the form of a two-way thrust-from the north by the Egyptians who penetrated into the Sudan and Equatoria, and by the Arabs from the east coast of Africa.
  • During the nineteenth century ivory over-topped all rivals in trade value-even slaves.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • The East African ivory trade is an ancient one: East African ivory is soft ivory and is ideal for carving, and was always in great demand.
  • The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century
  • missing
  • It figures prominently in the earliest reference to trading activities on the East African Coast.
matimbababsy

Ivory Trade in East Africa | AfricaHunting.com - 4 views

www.africahunting.com/...vory-trade-in-east-africa.6381

Matimba Babani HISTORY 2A

shared by matimbababsy on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
    • matimbababsy
      matimbababsy on 26 Apr 23
       
      The ivory trade in East Africa and how it actually took place in a form of caravans that were the main basic use of transportation of the ivory at the time. The image shows the caravan crossing a river on its way to Uganda.
  • Ivory Trade in East Africa
  • Ivory trade in East Africa, a caravan on its way to the coast fording a river in Uganda.
  • matimbababsy on 26 Apr 23
     
    This is a picture depicting how the transportation of ivory was made particularly by the east African traders.
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