Type Characteristics Near Overlap between situations, original and transfer contexts are similar Far Little overlap between situations, original and transfer settings are dissimilar Positive What is learned in one context enhances learning in a different setting (+) Negative What is learned in one context hinders or delays learning in a different setting (+) Vertical Knowledge of a previous topic is essential to acquire new knowledge (++) Horizontal Knowledge of a previous topic is not essential but helpful to learn a new topic (++) Literal Intact knowledge transfers to new task Figural Use some aspect of general knowledge to think or learn about a problem Low Road Transfer of well-established skills in almost automatic fashion High Road Transfer involves abstraction so conscious formulations of connections between contexts High Road /Forward Reaching Abstracting situations from a learning context to a potential transfer context High Road / Backward Reaching Abstracting in the transfer context features of a previous situation where new skills and knowledge were learned