good discussion of estrogen receptors and their role of estrogen signaling transmission.This article goes deep into coregulators, corepressors, cofactors, agonists, antagonists...
This is in contrast to studies that show poor prognosis with Lower T at time of diagnosis of prostate cancer
5α-reductase not only provides a potent amplification of the androgenic signal (
4–
6), but it also prevents estrogen formation by subtracting testosterone from the action of aromatase (
7,
8), thus blocking activation of the estrogen receptor subtypes (ERα and ERβ; refs.
9,
10)
ERβ is the prevailing subtype (
11), and a growing body of evidence points to the protective role of this receptor in prostate cancer
It has been shown that the transformation of the dihydrotestosterone to 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-diol) and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol
(3β-Adiol), generates two metabolites unable to bind the androgen receptor, but possessing a very high affinity for the estrogen
receptors
the effects of testosterone may result from the balance between the androgenic and the estrogenic molecules
originating from its catabolism.
Recent data have been published postulating a direct estrogenic role of the 3β-hydroxylated
derivatives of dihydrotestosterone in the prostate development and homeostasis
