diet enriched in fruits and vegetables (and consequently phytochemicals) was able to reverse the process and maintain and even elevate insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance
LPS-mediated effects are related to an increase in TLR4 levels that triggers the activation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), a transcription factor that activates a cascade of inflammatory mediators [41]. These factors control the transcription of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β, INF-α, INFβ, INF-γ
Inflammation can alter insulin action and give rise to diabetes and obesity by blocking insulin receptor downstream events, impairing insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) activation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent (PI3K) pathways, therefore compromising insulin signaling
systemic inflammation (generated by LPS) also increased neopterin levels in the urine and resulted in altered neuronal activity by decreasing dopamine (DA) metabolism
an increase in neopterin levels has been recognized a sensitive biomarker for immune system activation
Our experiments denoted that these diets were able to diminish inflammatory mediators and oxidative damage