Group items tagged

adjusting WC for height (WHt ratio) improves the prediction of TT and cFT compared with either BMI or WC alone

there were inverse correlations between cFT, TT and either BMI or WC

for each unit increase in BMI, there was a 2% fall in TT and cFT

for each 10 cm increment in WC, TT and cFT levels declined by 7%.

The magnitude of this relationship between increasing BMI and decreasing TT is similar to that described in the Massachusetts Male Ageing Study

Low TT and SHBG levels also are prevalent in Chinese [7],[8] and Korean [9] men with the MetS

Normally 40%-50% of TT is bound to SHBG, so reducing SHBG levels will decrease TT.

Hyperinsulinism suppresses SHBG synthesis and secretion by the liver

significant increase in SHBG levels occurred after acutely lowering insulin levels in obese men

Estradiol levels are increased in men with the MetS, and they are positively correlated with the number of abnormal components of the MetS.

Although it is known that estrogen will increase SHBG levels, apparently the hyperinsulinism associated with obesity has a greater effect on SHBG levels

Estradiol also can inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion

Inflammatory cytokines are thought to have a direct effect on the pituitary to reduce LH secretion [15] and also a direct effect on Leydig cell secretion of testosterone

Low TT Levels have been shown to predict development of the MetS in men with normal BMI

Men in the lowest quartiles of serum TT, calculated free testosterone (cFT) and SHBG at baseline had the highest odds ratios for developing the MetS or DM during the 11 years follow-up

More recently, investigators conducting population-based studies have reported that only SHBG is associated with future development of the MetS

Additional evidence that low TT increases the risk of MetS comes from androgen deprivation treatment of prostate cancer

Low TT and low bioavailable testosterone (bT) were each significantly associated with elevated 20 years risk of CVD mortality in an older population in which cause-specific mortality was age, adiposity, and lifestyle-adjusted.

combination of low bT and ATP III-defined MetS is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in men aged 40 years and above

in elderly men, testosterone may weakly protect against CVD. Alternatively, low TT may indicate poor general health

Muraleedharan and Jones [27] concluded that there is convincing evidence that low T is a biomarker for disease severity and mortality.

The evidence that TRT improves insulin sensitivity and glucose control is conflicted

It is widely recognized that testosterone treatment can reduce fat mass and increase lean body mass; however, until recently most reports have not been associated with much weight loss

Changes in body composition and weight loss are considered potential mechanisms by which testosterone treatment improves insulin sensitivity and glucose control in patients with diabetes. Effects on inflammatory cytokines [38] and changes in oxidative metabolism [39] also have been reported to improve glucose metabolism.

Testosterone replacement therapy has been reported to improve some or all of the components of the MetS.