An elevated level of total homocysteine (tHcy) in blood, denoted hyperhomocysteinemia, is emerging as a prevalent and strong risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease in the coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vessels, and for arterial and venous thromboembolism
Testosterone is great when needed, not doped; but Testosterone is not without risks. Population case-control study finds increased blood clot risk in first 6 months of Testosterone therapy. To many variables left unanswered by this study.
a systemic activation of blood coagulation and procoagulant changes in the hemostatic system have frequently been observed in cancer patients, even in the absence of venous thromboembolism
Thrombin is a pivotal enzyme in the process of blood coagulation and leads to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which is the end product of blood coagulation and finally results in the formation of a fibrin clot
deposition of fibrin, which has an important role in the formation of tumor stroma and hematogenous spread of tumor cells.
The interaction of fibrin, platelets and tumor cells leads to the formation of platelet-fibrin-tumor-cell aggregates that promote endothelial adhesion and metastatic spread, as well as tumor cell growth and tumor cell survival
fibrin degradation products have been shown to display strong angiogenic properties
D-dimer is a biomarker that globally indicates the activation of hemostasis and fibrinolysis
It is a degradation product of fibrin
high D-dimer levels were reported to be predictive of the occurrence of VTE in cancer patients