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"Hundreds of species of bacteria call the human gut their home. This gut "microbiome" influences our physiology and health in ways that scientists are only beginning to understand. Now, a new study suggests that gut bacteria can even mess with the mind, altering brain chemistry and changing mood and behavior. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in how gut bacteria might influence the brain and behavior, says John Cryan, a neuroscientist at University College Cork in Ireland. So far, most of the work has focused on how pathogenic bugs influence the brain by releasing toxins or stimulating the immune system, Cryan says. One recent study suggested that even benign bacteria can alter the brain and behavior, but until now there has been very little work in this area, Cryan says."

"There is a biological story with information. I have been repeating that in a natural environment, a stressor is information. So too much information would be too much stress, exceeding the threshold of antifragility. In medicine, we are discovering the healing powers of fasting, as the avoidance of too much hormonal rushes that come with the ingestion of food. Hormones convey information to the different parts of our system and too much of it confuses our biology. Here again, as with the story of the news received at too high a frequency, too much information becomes harmful. And in Chapter x (on ethics) I will show how too much data (particularly when sterile) causes statistics to be completely meaningless. Now let's add the psychological to this: we are not made to understand the point, so we overreact emotionally to noise. The best solution is to only look at very large changes in data or conditions, never small ones"

"explains how nitric oxide, a signaling molecule involved in the immune system, leads to biofilm formation. "It is estimated that about 80 percent of human pathogens form biofilms during some part of their life cycle," said Scripps Research president and CEO Michael Marletta, PhD, who led the work."

"It is a widely accepted principle of distributive justice that goods should be distributed to individuals according to their contribution, i.e., people should receive equal pay for equal work (equity principle)...Recently, neuroscientific studies have begun to address neural processes underlying social and economic phenomena like e.g., reactions to norm violations, status concerns, and reactions to unfair behavior. These studies have convergingly identified brain regions that are important for these aspects of social behavior. One consistent finding is that activations of the dopaminergic mesolimbic ("reward") system, especially the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) do not exclusively reflect material self-interest, but also social aspects

General semantics is a system that generalizes the principles and methods of modern science to all areas of human activity. Its principles and methods can be utilized to enhance our creative and critical thinking processes, and thus achieve better management of our day-to-day activities and our relationships.

Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) is an open source middleware system for volunteer and grid computing. It was originally developed to support the SETI@home project before it became useful as a platform for other distributed applications in areas as diverse as mathematics, medicine, molecular biology, climatology, and astrophysics. The intent of BOINC is to make it possible for researchers to tap into the enormous processing power of personal computers around the world.

"Schwarzfahrer-Problem. sueddeutsche.de: Was bedeutet das? Voland: Jemand nimmt die Vorteile einer Freundschaft oder eines Sozialwesens in Anspruch, investiert selbst aber ungern. Bei der Steuererklärung zum Beispiel wird gern ein bisschen gemogelt. Die Vorteile eines Gemeinwesens nimmt man aber in Anspruch. In einem System der Gegenseitigkeit besteht diese Gefahr grundsätzlich. sueddeutsche.de: Müssen wir uns also von der Idee der Reziprozität verabschieden? Voland: Nicht ganz. Gelegentlich greift die Reziprozität bei Menschen schon. Aber man weiß ja, wie schnell selbst Freundschaften zerbrechen, wenn eine Seite zu wenig investiert. Wir sind da hochgradig selektiv und sensibel und legen eine sehr hohe Messlatte an."

The AIFB Web Portal is the public web site of the Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. It uses Semantic MediaWiki to provide a highly customised Content Management System. The site provides content in two languages (German and English), and it offers rich views for browsing different kinds of data. The content of the AIFB Web Portal is regularly edited by most members of the institute, from secretary to professor, but it is not open for public editing.

vgl. Anthony Little: Symmetrie http://ed.iiQii.de/gallery/VictimsOfGroupThink/AnthonyLittle_psychology_stir_ac_uk "Kelley und Endler konnten nun belegen, dass dieses Dekorationskonzept den Vogelmännern tatsächlich einen Vorteil beim Paarungserfolg verschafft. Sie führten dazu Vermessungen verschiedener Lauben und ihrer Dekorationsanordnung durch und errechneten daraus, wie stark der optische Effekt bei den unterschiedlichen Konstruktionen ist. Diese Ergebnisse verglichen sie dann mit Aufzeichnungen über den Paarungserfolg des jeweiligen Laubenbauers. Je mehr die Anordnungen der Gegenstände die optischen Effekte hervorriefen, desto eher waren die Weibchen bereit, sich von dem Architekten beglücken zu lassen, ergaben die Auswertungen der Forscher. Wahrscheinlich lässt das optimale optische System die gesamte Konstruktion gleichmäßiger erscheinen, vermuten die Forscher."

"Our Juliets (as parents longing for grandchildren will recognize with a sigh) may experience the tumult of love for 20 years before they settle down into motherhood. And our Romeos may be poetic lunatics under the influence of Queen Mab until they are well into graduate school. What happens when children reach puberty earlier and adulthood later? The answer is: a good deal of teenage weirdness. Fortunately, developmental psychologists and neuroscientists are starting to explain the foundations of that weirdness. Photos: The Trials of Teenagers View Slideshow [SB10001424052970204573704577187080963983566] Everett Collection James Dean in the 1955 film 'Rebel Without A Cause' The crucial new idea is that there are two different neural and psychological systems that interact to turn children into adults"

"Leah Pyter: Well basically what we know is that patients with cancer have a higher likelihood of also developing depression at some point in their disease progression, so whether that occurred before and is predisposing them to cancer, or it's due to the tumours themselves, or other aspects of having the disease, we don't know. We were only studying right now whether the cancer itself can cause depression. Chris Smith: How could a tumour trigger depression, because a tumour can occur anywhere in the body, therefore at the remote sites in the brain, so how could it trigger changes in brain activity? Leah Pyter: Sure, well what we hypothesized was that the tumours themselves can produce cytokines which has been shown before. Chris Smith: These are inflammatory chemicals that drive the immune system? Leah Pyter: Right, exactly! And there is also a pile of research on how cytokines can access the brain specifically regions of the brain that are associated with depression and anxiety and emotional behaviours, and they can access the brain both tumourally through the blood, or neurally through the vegas nerves. "

"Hundreds of species of bacteria call the human gut their home. This gut "microbiome" influences our physiology and health in ways that scientists are only beginning to understand. Now, a new study suggests that gut bacteria can even mess with the mind, altering brain chemistry and changing mood and behavior. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in how gut bacteria might influence the brain and behavior, says John Cryan, a neuroscientist at University College Cork in Ireland. So far, most of the work has focused on how pathogenic bugs influence the brain by releasing toxins or stimulating the immune system, Cryan says. One recent study suggested that even benign bacteria can alter the brain and behavior, but until now there has been very little work in this area, Cryan says."

OCLC ResearchWorks, OCLC's research laboratory. ResearchWorks demonstrates a few of our ideas for applying new technologies to organize information. In some cases, they serve as examples of things you can develop or incorporate into your own systems.

"The problem, as I see it, is that we are not doing very much to remedy these issues, and that a lot of people have already accepted that "true science" is simply an ideal that will inevitably disappear with the current system proceeding along as it is. As such, why risk our careers and reputations to fight for some noble cause that most of academia won't really appreciate anyway?"

" Dieses intelligente Rückstoßprinzip stand Forschern des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung IPA beim Entwickeln eines Unterwasserantriebs Pate. »Kraken nutzen diese Art der Fortbewegung hauptsächlich für eine plötzliche schnelle Flucht. Das System ist zwar einfach, aber effektiv. Die Oktopoden können damit über kurze Strecken enorm beschleunigen«, sagt Andreas Fischer, Ingenieur am IPA in Stuttgart. »Wir haben das Antriebsprinzip in unsere Unterwasseraktoren integriert: Vier elastische Kunststoffbälle mit einem mechanischen Innenleben pumpen Wasser und sorgen so für Vortrieb.«"

The aim of the EU FP 7 Large-Scale Integrating Project LarKC is to develop the Large Knowledge Collider (LarKC, for short, pronounced "lark"), a platform for massive distributed incomplete reasoning that will remove the scalability barriers of currently existing reasoning systems for the Semantic Web.

"Vermutlich hat das Phänomen etwas mit schwindender Selbstkontrolle zu tun, erklären Kouchaki und Smith. Es ist bereits bekannt, dass die Selbstdisziplin im Laufe des Tages nachlässt. Offenbar spiegelt sich diese Tendenz also auch beim moralischen Verhalten wider"

Fotografieren ist mit der Digitaltechnik zu einem Volkssport geworden: Tausende von Bildern und GBytes sammeln sich in kürzester Zeit auf den Festplatten. Die riesigen Bildmengen müssen gesichtet, verwaltet und wiedergefunden werden. Dies gilt sowohl für professionelle als auch für Amateurfotografen. Zu diesem Zweck sind bereits viele Softwaresysteme wie Bildbetrachter, Betrachtungs- und Verwaltungssoftware entstanden. Um Bilder wiederzufinden, erlauben manche Systeme verschiedene Arten der Verschlagwortung von Bildern, die der Nutzer in mehr oder weniger aufwendiger Weise vornehmen muß. Andere zeichnen sich durch einen hohen Komfort bei der Bildbearbeitung, DiaShows und Namensgebungen der Bilder aus. Den genannten Systemen fehlt etwas ganz Entscheidendes, nämlich qualitativ hochwertige Suchstrategien.

James Newhard is Director of Archaeology at the College of Charleston, where he works to bring 3D imaging, mobile technology and geographic information systems to a field more popularly associated with shovels and dusty brushes. Gizmodo got in touch with Dr. Newhard to learn how he uses emerging tech to dig deep into ancient societies.

"This research provides an understanding of the neural basis for social behavior from the perspective of how we evaluate social experiences and how our social interactions and decisions are motivated. We review research addressing the common neural systems underlying evaluation of social and nonsocial rewards. The human striatum, known to play a key role in reward processing, displays signals related to a broad spectrum of social functioning, including evaluating social rewards, making decisions influenced by social factors, learning about social others, cooperating, competing, and following social norms. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:61-73. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1266"