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" Moving Beyond Belly Button Biodiversity…we will study the species living with you on your body but also in the other biomes of YOUR household. If you want to know who is hiding in your refrigerator or mating in the pillow where you rest your head, we can help you. When you look beside you in bed, you notice no more than one animal (alternative lifestyles and cats notwithstanding). For nearly all of our history, our beds and lives were shared by multitudes. Live in a mud-walled hut in the Amazon, and bats will sleep above you, spiders beside you, the dog and cat not far away, and then there are the insects beating themselves stupid against the dwindling animal-fat flame. In addition, your gut would be filled with intestinal worms, your body (and nearly everything else) covered in multitudes of unnamed microbes, and your lungs occupied by a fungus uniquely your own."

Im Laufe seiner Evolutionsgeschichte hat sich die Lebenserwartung des Menschen massiv erhöht. Wie außergewöhnlich dieser Sprung ist, haben Wissenschaftler des Max-Planck-Instituts für demografische Forschung in Rostock jetzt eindrucksvoll belegt. Sie verglichen die Sterblichkeitsprofile verschiedener menschlicher Populationen und wild lebender Schimpansen mit der Mortalität einer evolutionsbiologisch natürlichen Menschenpopulation von Jägern und Sammlern. Das erstaunliche Ergebnis: Allein in den letzten 100 Jahren sank die Sterblichkeit des Menschen um ein Vielfaches stärker als beim Entwicklungssprung von einem Schimpansen ähnlichen Vorfahren zum „Jäger und Sammler". Und damit nicht genug: Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der das Sterberisiko des Menschen seit dem Jahr 1900 abnimmt, wird von keinem anderen Lebewesen übertroffen. Selbst Spezies wie Würmer und Mäuse, die im Labor gezielt auf Langlebigkeit gezüchtet werden, können da kaum mithalten. Damit steht die große Veränderbarkeit der Mortalität des Menschen im Widerspruch zu allen konventionellen Theorien des Alterns

"We found that adult Nod2-deficient mice display a substantially altered microbial community structure and a significantly elevated bacterial load in their faeces and terminal ileum compared to their wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, we demonstrate that these findings are also present in weaning mice, indicating a profound influence of Nod2 on the early development and composition of the intestinal microbiota. We demonstrate that NOD2 genotypes also influence the microbial composition in humans. Conclusions Our results point to an essential role of Nod2 for the temporal development and composition of the host microbiota, both in mice and in humans, which may contribute to the complex role of NOD2 for the aetiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease. "

"Wild mit den Händen gestikulierend steht die 27-jährige Biologin im bunten Kleid vor einem bis auf den letzten Platz besetzten Saal voller Wissenschaftler und redet über ihr Lieblingsthema: Social Media. "Wie viele von euch hier twittern?" Einige Hände gehen zaghaft hoch. "Das sind zu wenige."

What he and his orangutan buddies do in the forests of Sumatra tells scientists that advance trip planning and social networking aren't just human traits, A new study of 15 wild male orangutans finds that they routinely plot out their next day treks and share their plans in long calls, so females can come by or track them, and competitive males can steer clear.

"Postdocs are very small and hard to see. If you encounter a postdoc in the wild, approach with extreme caution! You can frighten away a postdoc by asking, "Shouldn't you be in the lab?""

Scientists have discovered the amino acid glycine, a critical component of all living things, hiding in samples from the comet Wild 2. It's the first

A new strain of mosquitoes in which females cannot fly may help curb the transmission of dengue fever, according to UC Irvine and British scientists. Great idea or frankensketter?

Dogs Decoded reveals the science behind the remarkable bond between humans and their dogs and investigates new discoveries in genetics that are illuminating the origin of dogs - with surprising implications for the evolution of human culture. Other research is proving what dog lovers have suspected all along: Dogs have an uncanny ability to read and respond to human emotions. Humans, in turn, respond to dogs with the same hormone responsible for bonding mothers to their babies. How did this incredible relationship between humans and dogs come to be? And how can dogs, so closely related to fearsome wild wolves, behave so differently?

"Here we show that four days of immersion in nature, and the corresponding disconnection from multi-media and technology, increases performance on a creativity, problem-solving task by a full 50% in a group of naive hikers. Our results demonstrate that there is a cognitive advantage to be realized if we spend time immersed in a natural setting. We anticipate that this advantage comes from an increase in exposure to natural stimuli that are both emotionally positive and low-arousing and a corresponding decrease in exposure to attention demanding technology, which regularly requires that we attend to sudden events, switch amongst tasks, maintain task goals, and inhibit irrelevant actions or cognitions. A limitation of the current research is the inability to determine if the effects are due to an increased exposure to nature, a decreased exposure to technology, or to other factors associated with spending three days immersed in nature."

Scientists had thought that there was a single species of housecat-sized Brazilian tigrina. However, the molecular data now show that tigrina populations in northeastern versus southern Brazil are completely separate, with no evidence of interbreeding between them. As such, they are best described as two distinct species.

Extraterrestrial source confirmed for comet's amino acids

"Researchers at MIT and elsewhere have succeeded in creating a synthetic crystal that can very effectively control the transmission of heat -- stopping it in its tracks and reflecting it back. This advance could lead to insulating materials that could block the escape of heat more effectively than any present insulator."