found identical sequences of DNA located at completely different places on multiple plant genomes
'Junk' DNA and health - 4 views
Tests of Parents Are Used to Map Genes of a Fetus - NYTimes.com - 1 views
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Synthetic DNA Created, Evolves on Its Own - 1 views
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Identical DNA codes discovered in different plant species - 2 views
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Although the scientists found identical sequences between plant species, just as they did between animals, they suggested the sequences evolved differently.
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Plants and animals are both complex multi-cellular organisms that have to deal with many of the same environmental conditions, like taking in air and water and dealing with weather variations, but their genomes code for solutions to these challenges in different ways
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New genes linked to brain size, intelligence - 2 views
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factors that cause tissue atrophy and reduce brain size, which is a biological marker for hereditary disorders
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sample large enough to reveal clear patterns in genetic variation and show how these changes physically alter the brain
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screened the genomes of people suffering from a specific brain disease and combed their DNA to uncover a common variant.
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unearth new genetic variants in people who have bigger brains as well as differences in regions critical to learning and memory
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variations in their DNA that help boost or lower their brains’ susceptibility to a vast range of diseases
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People also can take preventive steps through exercise, diet and mental stimulation to erase the effects of a bad gene
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People whose HMGA2 gene held a letter “C” instead of “T” on that location of the gene possessed larger brains and scored more highly on standardized IQ tests
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Memory in adults impacted by versions of four genes - 2 views
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certain versions of four genes may speed shrinkage of a brain region involved in making new memories
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hippocampus, normally shrinks with age, but if the process speeds up, it could increase vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease
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two genes associated with intracranial volume -- the space within the skull occupied by the brain when the brain is fully developed in a person's lifespan
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gene variants identified in the first study do not cause Alzheimer's, but they may rob the hippocampus of a kind of "reserve" against the disease
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if a person with one of these variants did get Alzheimer's, the disease would attack an already compromised hippocampus and so would lead to a more severe condition at a younger age than otherwise
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loses a greater-than-average amount of volume due to the gene variants we've identified, the hippocampus is more vulnerable to Alzheimer's
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associations impacting intracranial volume, which is an indirect measure of the size of the brain at full development.
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one of these genes has played a unique evolutionary role in human development, and perhaps we as a species are selecting this gene as a way of providing further advances in brain development
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Gene switches do more than flip 'on' or 'off': Can exhibit much more complex binding be... - 1 views
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molecular "clutch" that converts treadmilling to a stable bound state, moving the transcription process forward to completion to turn the gene on
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transcription factors' binding process is dynamic and involves more than just being bound or unbound
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if we can regulate the transition between treadmilling and stable binding, we can regulate the outcome in terms of gene expression
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genetic medicine -- a new way to regulate the 'switches' that turn gene expression associated with disease on or off.
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measured how long it took the competitor transcription factor to replace the resident protein and used this data to calculate the residence time at each location in the genome
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specific proteins called "transcription factors" that control which genes are turned on or off in cells by binding to nearby DNA
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new insights on how cells respond to developmental cues and how they adapt to changing environmental conditions
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Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs: New Links in Cancer Progression - 1 views
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The newly discovered and currently being researched lincRNAs are seen to be one of the causes of cancer. The function of lincRNAs to control gene expression by regulating the number of histones according to specific chromatin, may cause cancer when done wrong or are altered in some way. The epigenetic alterations that occur when this function is done wrong may lead to the disease and the inheritance of it. Which could be hypothesized as to why people with a history of cancer (and other diseases) within their families have higher likelihood to being diagnosed with the disease. But because lincRNA is a very recent discovery and only less than 1% of it has has been characterized in the human body, evidence of this is still being researched, tested and studied.
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Making a Friendlier Mosquito - Biology Online - 1 views
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Genetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan faces some serious snags, according to UC Davis researchers who are suggesting an alternative strategy.
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nsmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan face
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Genetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year.
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enetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan faces some serious snags, according to UC Davis researchers who are suggesting an alternative strategy
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If the resistant mosquitoes breed and spread their genes through the population, malaria transmission should be shut down.
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Transposons are essentially DNA parasites that snip themselves in or out of the genome under the right circumstances. Scientists can add a new gene into a transposon and use it to carry that DNA into the insect genome. But it's in the interest of that transposon to just get rid of the extra DNA,
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a transposon that gives an advantage to mosquitoes that already carry genes to block malaria, so that those genes spread through the population by natural selection.
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Cloned Meat & Milk Coming - 1 views
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There are currently just over 100 offspring of cloned animals on British farms, but this will rise dramatically if the EC gets its way.
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According to BEUC, an overwhelming majority of EU consumers do not want cloning to be used for food production purposes. Some 84 per cent are concerned about the long-term health and safety impacts.
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Shot of Young Stem Cells Makes Rapidly Aging Mice Live Much Longer and Healthier - Gate... - 1 views
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shot stem cells aging much mice longer gate biotech com DNA genetics disease gene RNA brain human epigenetics research Genes
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animals that got the stem/progenitor cells improved their health and lived two to three times longer than expected,
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"Our experiments showed that mice that have progeria, a disorder of premature aging, were healthier and lived longer after an injection of stem cells from young, healthy animals," Dr. Niedernhofer said. "That tells us that stem cell dysfunction is a cause of the changes we see with aging."
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"Typically the progeria mice die at around 21 to 28 days of age, but the treated animals lived far longer -- some even lived beyond 66 days. They also were in better general health."
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we injected stem/progenitor cells from young, healthy mice into the abdomens of 17-day-old progeria mice,
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As the progeria mice age, they lose muscle mass in their hind limbs, hunch over, tremble, and move slowly and awkwardly. Affected mice that got a shot of stem cells just before showing the first signs of aging were more like normal mice, and they grew almost as large.
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Changes in gene expression causes high BP in pregnancy - 1 views
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Washington: Researchers have discovered that changes in the gene expression of a key enzyme may contribute to high blood pressure and increase susceptibility to forming blood clots in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
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Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that are mediated through mechanisms other than changes in the DNA sequence.
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The VCU team reported that thromboxane synthase – an important inflammatory enzyme – is increased in the blood vessels of expectant mothers with preeclampsia.The thromboxane synthase gene codes for this enzyme, which is involved in several processes including cardiovascular disease and stroke. This enzyme results in the synthesis of thromboxane, which increases blood pressure and causes blood clots.
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According to Walsh, one of the main epigenetic mechanisms is methylation of the DNA, which controls the expression of genes. The increase of
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trophils into the blood vessels. Neutrophils are white blood cells that normally help fight infection.
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Cancer epigenetics takes center stage - 1 views
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Epigenetics is defined as modifications of the genome, heritable during cell division, that do not involve a change in the DNA sequence.
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Genomic imprinting, the subject of the report by Nakagawa et al. (2), is an epigenetic modification of a specific parental allele of a gene, or the chromosome on which it resides, in the gamete or zygote, leading to differential expression of the two alleles of the gene in somatic cells of the offspring.
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we found that LOI can occur in the normal colonic mucosa of colorectal cancer patients with LOI in their tumors
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One potential cause of MSI in these sporadic cancers is hypermethylation and epigenetic silencing of the hMLH1 mismatch repair gene
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Nakagawa et al. (2) now confirm the original study of Cui et al. that LOI occurs in both tumor and normal tissue of patients
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The present study (2) also offers an intriguing mechanistic hypothesis to explain the relationship between H19 DMR methylation and LOI in these patients
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Nevertheless, the study calls attention to this remarkable highly conserved multifunctional protein,
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The potential link to CTCF suggested by this study also calls our attention to the link among DNA methylation, epigenetics, and chromatin.
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A clue to the link between MSI and epigenetics may be provided by another sometimes overlooked common thread in epigenetics, namely DNA replication
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repeat-induced gene silencing is thought to be propagated through hemimethylated intermediates during DNA replication
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The studies of Cui et al. (11), Nishihara et al. (20), and Nakagawa et al. (2) suggest a new and provocative view of the timing of epigenetic changes in cancer.
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Studies of transgenic mice with constitutive biallelic expression of IGF2, comparable to LOI, show reduced apoptosis and increased tumor formation
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I conclude by noting that the distinction between cancer genetics and epigenetics has blurred considerably in recent years
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We Need More Research On Genetically Altered Salmon Says FDA Advisory Panel - 1 views
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A panel of experts that advises the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided on Monday more research was needed before it could vote on whether to recommend approval to allow genetically modified salmon to be bred for human consumption in the US.
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To make the genetically modified Atlantic salmon, they take the growth gene from the Pacific chinook salmon and insert it into the DNA of newly fertilized Atlantic salmon eggs. However, this of itself is not enough to keep the salmon growing all year round: to keep the growth gene permanently "switched on", the AquaBounty scientists also add a small piece of DNA from another fish called the ocean pout.
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GEN | Magazine Articles: Firm Focuses Operations on Gene Silencing - 0 views
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It is developing therapeutics to prove the validity of ddRNAi in treating cancer, infectious diseases, and disorders of the central nervous system.
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The ddRNAi platform focuses on the long-term downregulation of genes, making it suitable for targeting chronic life-threatening diseases. “We are silencing genes instead of introducing new genes, which separates us from traditional gene therapy companies,” Dr. French asserts.
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“This targeted treatment markedly enhanced the benefits of radiation therapy in both cellular and tumor models,” the researchers concluded. Other radiotherapy-resistant tumors may benefit from the shRNAs created for the prostate cancer study.
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Impact Statements System | CAES Intranet | UGA - 0 views
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The applied insect genetics laboratory in the Entomology Department at the University of Georgia has focused on invasive subterranean term
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Thus we continue to track and monitor through genetics the Formosan termite movements into and around Georgia. The knowledge of how they are coming into the state as well as how they are moving about the state can be invaluable for managing this traffic.