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So this alternative theory turns the standard explanation on its head. Depressed people don't end up lying in bed because they are undercommitted to goals. They end up lying in bed because they are overcommitted to goals that are failing badly. The idea that depressed people cannot disengage efforts from failure is a relatively new theory. It has not been much tested in research studies. However, the idea is well worth exploring. It fits well clinically with the kinds of situations that often precipitate serious depression -- the battered wife who cannot bring herself to leave her troubled marriage, the seriously injured athlete who cannot bring himself to retire, the laid off employee who cannot bring herself to abandon her chosen career despite a lack of positions in her line of work. Seeing these depressions in terms of unreachable goals may be useful clinically, and may help us better understand how ordinary low moods can escalate into incapacitating bouts of depression.

The biased dope on learning styles

Robert Plutchik, an American psychologist and professor, developed an emotion theory from 1960s to 80s. He assumed that all emotions result from eight congenital basic emotions that developed evolutionary. I made an attempt to visualise his theory on a poster during Prof. Matthias Krohn's information mapping seminar at the University of Applied Sciences Potsdam. The poster was exhibited at the Leipzig Book Fair from March 22nd to 25th, 2007 in the booth of Potsdam University of Applied Sciences. Project description+ at INCOM.org. Download+ a PDF of the poster (A2). By www.markusdrews.com/

June 23, 2008 - The founder of Palm, Jeff Hawkins, solves the mystery of Artificial Intelligence and presents his theory at the RSA Conference 2008. He gives a brief tutorial on the neocortex and then explains how the brain stores memory and then describes how to use that knowledge to create artificial intelligence. This lecture is insightful and his theory will revolutionize computer science.

Brain, bodily awareness, and the emergence of a conscious self: these entities and their relations are explored by Germanphilosopher and cognitive scientist Metzinger. Extensively working with neuroscientists he has come to the conclusion that, in fact, there is no such thing as a "self" -- that a "self" is simply the content of a model created by our brain - part of a virtual reality we create for ourselves. But if the self is not "real," he asks, why and how did it evolve? How does the brain construct the self? In a series of fascinating virtual reality experiments, Metzinger and his colleagues have attempted to create so-called "out-of-body experiences" in the lab, in order to explore these questions. As a philosopher, he offers a discussion of many of the latest results in robotics, neuroscience, dream and meditation research, and argues that the brain is much more powerful than we have ever imagined. He shows us, for example, that we now have the first machines that have developed an inner image of their own body -- and actually use this model to create intelligent behavior. In addition, studies exploring the connections between phantom limbs and the brain have shown us that even people born without arms or legs sometimes experience a sensation that they do in fact have limbs that are not there. Experiments like the "rubber-hand illusion" demonstrate how we can experience a fake hand as part of our self and even feel a sensation of touch on the phantom hand form the basis and testing ground for the idea that what we have called the "self" in the past is just the content of a transparent self-model in our brains. Now, as new ways of manipulating the conscious mind-brain appear on the scene, it will soon become possible to alter our subjective reality in an unprecedented manner. The cultural consequences of this, Metzinger claims, may be immense: we will need a new approach to ethics, and we will be forced to think about ourselves in a fundamentally new way. At

Pre Historic Puzzles: Rocking the Cradle of Civilization For more than a century, archeologists were convincing that the cradle of civilization lay in Greece, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. The learning of the advanced peoples of this region, it was thought, gradually moved west into Europe. But in the last few decades these theories have been overturned, thanks to Nobel Prize-winning physicist Willard F. Libby and a substance knows as carbon 14. Carbon 14 is a radioactive substance that exists in minute quantities. In the late 1940's Libby discovered that all plants and animals absorb it. When they die, the carbon-like all radioactive substances-begins to decay at a regular rate. Libby was able to measure this rate and could thus use carbon 14 as an archeological calendar. Today it is known that half of the carbon 14 in living organism disappears in 5,730 years, half of what remains in an additional 5,730 years, and so on. How old is old? Many of the items found at prehistoric sites are made of organic material. By measuring the amount of carbon 14 remaining in the shaft of an old ax or a piece of pottery, for example, scientists can accurately determine its age. Radiocarbon dating has proved to be phenomenally accurate: it can date to within 100 years going back to 50,000 B.C. It is particularly useful on wood because it can be checked against Dendron-chronology, dating by tree rings. A new ring forms every year in the trunk of a tree as it grows: counting the number of rings enables one to determine the age of any tree. Where did civilization begin?

I think game theory can help explain our epidemic of distrust - and how we can fix it! So, to understand all this...

"20.12.2011 Facebook-Studie Gegensätze stoßen sich ab Facebook-Kontakte weltweit: Meinungen sind kaum ansteckend Freunde teilen meist viele Ansichten - doch warum das so ist, stellt Forscher vor Rätsel... Psychologen fasziniert schon lange, wie homogen es in Freundesgruppen zugeht. In der Schule, am Arbeitsplatz, im Sportverein, im Internet - stets tun sich Menschen zusammen, die viele Haltungen und Geschmäcker miteinander teilen. Warum das so ist, war bislang nicht schlüssig geklärt. Eine Theorie lautet, dass Menschen sich bevorzugt mit solchen Zeitgenossen anfreunden, mit denen sie viele Dinge gemeinsam haben. Eine alternative Erklärung für die Ähnlichkeit unter Freunden ist ein Phänomen, das Netzwerktheoretiker als Ansteckung bezeichnen. Ansichten und Geschmäcker breiten sich demnach unter Freunden ähnlich aus wie Krankheitserreger. Ein amerikanisches Forscherteam hat dieses Henne-Ei-Problem der Freundschaftstheorie nun in einer aufwendigen Studie auf der Plattform Facebook untersucht. Das Team um Kevin Lewis von der Harvard University in Cambridge verfolgte die Entwicklung von 1640 Studenten verschiedener US-Colleges über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren."

a brief history of embodied cognition and links to articles/experiments that support the theory.

"In this research, we drew on system-justification theory and the notion that conservative ideology serves a palliative function to explain why conservatives are happier than liberals. Specifically, in three studies using nationally representative data from the United States and nine additional countries, we found that right-wing (vs. left-wing) orientation is indeed associated with greater subjective well-being and that the relation between political orientation and subjective well-being is mediated by the rationalization of inequality."

If you tend to be hard on yourself, being less critical can make you more creative: Self-compassion is a multifaceted state of potential utility in alleviating the self-critical tendencies that may undermine creative expressions among certain individuals. To investigate this idea, 86 undergraduates were randomly assigned to control or self-compassion conditions, following which creative originality was assessed by a version of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The manipulation was hypothesized to facilitate creative originality particularly among individuals who are prone to critical self-judgment, as assessed by a trait measure. This interactive hypothesis was supported: Self-judgmental individuals displayed lower levels of creative originality in the control condition, but equal levels of creative originality in the self-compassion condition. Results are discussed in the context of theories of creative potential, self-compassion, and chronic tendencies toward self-criticism. Source: "Don't Be So Hard on Yourself: Self-Compassion Facilitates Creative Originality Among Self-Judgmental Individuals" from Creativity Research Journal, Volume 22, Issue 3, 2010

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A study on "framing" and how / if it influences user experience using HD Televisions. "