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Brain, bodily awareness, and the emergence of a conscious self: these entities and their relations are explored by Germanphilosopher and cognitive scientist Metzinger. Extensively working with neuroscientists he has come to the conclusion that, in fact, there is no such thing as a "self" -- that a "self" is simply the content of a model created by our brain - part of a virtual reality we create for ourselves. But if the self is not "real," he asks, why and how did it evolve? How does the brain construct the self? In a series of fascinating virtual reality experiments, Metzinger and his colleagues have attempted to create so-called "out-of-body experiences" in the lab, in order to explore these questions. As a philosopher, he offers a discussion of many of the latest results in robotics, neuroscience, dream and meditation research, and argues that the brain is much more powerful than we have ever imagined. He shows us, for example, that we now have the first machines that have developed an inner image of their own body -- and actually use this model to create intelligent behavior. In addition, studies exploring the connections between phantom limbs and the brain have shown us that even people born without arms or legs sometimes experience a sensation that they do in fact have limbs that are not there. Experiments like the "rubber-hand illusion" demonstrate how we can experience a fake hand as part of our self and even feel a sensation of touch on the phantom hand form the basis and testing ground for the idea that what we have called the "self" in the past is just the content of a transparent self-model in our brains. Now, as new ways of manipulating the conscious mind-brain appear on the scene, it will soon become possible to alter our subjective reality in an unprecedented manner. The cultural consequences of this, Metzinger claims, may be immense: we will need a new approach to ethics, and we will be forced to think about ourselves in a fundamentally new way. At

If you tend to be hard on yourself, being less critical can make you more creative: Self-compassion is a multifaceted state of potential utility in alleviating the self-critical tendencies that may undermine creative expressions among certain individuals. To investigate this idea, 86 undergraduates were randomly assigned to control or self-compassion conditions, following which creative originality was assessed by a version of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The manipulation was hypothesized to facilitate creative originality particularly among individuals who are prone to critical self-judgment, as assessed by a trait measure. This interactive hypothesis was supported: Self-judgmental individuals displayed lower levels of creative originality in the control condition, but equal levels of creative originality in the self-compassion condition. Results are discussed in the context of theories of creative potential, self-compassion, and chronic tendencies toward self-criticism. Source: "Don't Be So Hard on Yourself: Self-Compassion Facilitates Creative Originality Among Self-Judgmental Individuals" from Creativity Research Journal, Volume 22, Issue 3, 2010

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avoid thinking locally and specifically and practice thinking globally, objectively and abstractly, and increased self-control should follow.

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Interested to discover the NLP technique that can be used to redefine a negative self-image and increase confidence? Then you won't want to miss this important demo where Master Hypnotist Martijn Groenendal uses the NLP Swish Pattern to redefine a subject's negative and judgmental self-image into a happier, more accepting version of himself. In this video, you'll get a clear sense of how to help people create a healthy self-image, improve their confidence and drive change. Visit HypnosisTrainingAcademy.com today to hear master hypnotist Martijn Groenendal explain how.

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When it comes to inducing a deep, self-hypnotic trance, a common misconception is that there is a magical, fool-proof method. In reality many people fail the self-hypnosis. And, the reason is, they tend to focus on the method first, and when this doesn't work, there is a strong temptation to give up and let out an exasperated exhale. In order to master self-hypnosis, you need to first focus on mastering yourself, and only then use an induction method to get you into a trance. Read the complete article here to understand this process and conquer the self hypnosis technique.

How connected consumers feel (or don't feel) to their future selves impacts their spending and savings decisions, researchers at Columbia Business School and The University of Chicago Booth School of Business have determined. The researchers conducted a series of experiments that manipulated the degree to which subjects felt connected to their future selves. When discontinuity with the future self is anticipated, people behave more impatiently - speeding up the consumption of utility (in this case, gift cards) - more than when connectedness to the future self is expected. The researchers asked a group of college seniors - three weeks before graduation - to read a passage that described college graduation either as an event that would prompt a major change in their identities or as an event that would prompt only a relatively trivial change. Compared to students who read the passage describing graduation as a small change, those who read a description of the event as a major change were much more likely to make more impatient choices, choosing to receive a gift certificate worth $120 in the next week rather than wait a year for up to $240. Their work suggests that people can be motivated to hold onto their money, or make more prudent decisions by increasing their sense of connectedness to their future selves, the researchers said. Ref.: Daniel M. Bartels & Oleg Urminsky, On Intertemporal Selfishness: How the Perceived Instability of Identity Underlies Impatient Consumption, Journal of Consumer Research, 2011; [DOI: 10.1086/658339]

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Yes, Christmas is meant to be a happy and festive time. But let's face it, the holidays can get pretty stressful. Which means this time of the year presents the perfect opportunity to practise your hypnosis skills so you can keep yourself and everyone around you feeling calm and cheerful without letting holiday stress get in the way. Check out this "Christmas Survival Guide" created by the Hypnosis Training Academy to discover how to beat the Grinch and transform negative emotions by: Setting your daily intention using self-hypnosis and powerful mantras to keep a positive attitude throughout the day. Using distraction methods to lift others out of bad moods -- when one person (especially the host) is stressed it can trickle down and make others also feel tense… but not once you know how to break the "Grump Pattern"! Giving a shot of "hero fuel" to a friend or relative going through a tough time to help them focus on the positive aspects of their life and re-energize their self-belief using conversational hypnosis. Showing off your hypnosis talents and giving your family a "hypnotic gift" using a 4-step sequence to instantly provide a self-esteem boost So break out the eggnog and check out this amusing and useful article so you can stay feeling festive throughout the holidays and lift the spirits of everyone around you!

Elerick attempts to interpret what it means to be a Christian in light of Lacan's famous, but asinine, proposition: "I think where I am not, therefore I am where I do not think." What should be immediately present to everyone who reads the proposition is that it is self-contradictory, for it at once denies the possibility of the individual subject to think itself (or re-present itself to itself) by affirming an inexorable fact about the Self, thereby speaking in absolute and universal terms and negating itself. In other words, if Lacan is right about the nature of the individual self/ego, then he is simultaneously wrong. And if he is wrong, which he is, then why bother with the man anymore?

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