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Listen up, Facebook and Twitter groupies: how easily can social pressure affect your memory? Very easily, researchers at the Weizmann Institute and University College London have proved, and they think they even know what part of the brain is responsible. The participants conformed to the group on these "planted" responses, giving incorrect answers nearly 70% of the time. Volunteers watched a documentary film in small groups. Three days later, they returned to the lab individually to take a memory test, answering questions about the film. They were also asked how confident they were in their answers. They were later invited back to the lab to retake the test. This time, the subjects were also given supposed answers of the others in their film-viewing group (along with social-media-style photos) while being scanned in a functional MRI (fMRI) that revealed their brain activity. Is most of what you know false? Planted among these were false answers to questions the volunteers had previously answered correctly and confidently. The participants conformed to the group on these "planted" responses, giving incorrect answers nearly 70% of the time. To determine if their memory of the film had actually undergone a change, the researchers invited the subjects back to the lab later to take the memory test once again, telling them that the answers they had previously been fed were not those of their fellow film watchers, but random computer generations. Some of the responses reverted back to the original, correct ones, but get this: despite finding out the scientists messed with their minds, close to half of their responses remained erroneous, implying that the subjects were relying on false memories implanted in the earlier session. An analysis of the fMRI data showed a strong co-activation and connectivity between two brain areas: the hippocampus and the amygdala. Social reinforcement could act on the amygdala to persuade our brains to replace a strong memory wi

This is a good article that looks at how anxiety happens- it is more or less something you are born with, but you learn to live with, if you are intelligent about it. Liked it. Good writing.

Music, an abstract stimulus, can arouse feelings of euphoria and craving, similar to tangible rewards that involve the striatal dopaminergic system. Using the neurochemical specificity of [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography scanning, combined with psychophysiological measures of autonomic nervous system activity, we found endogenous dopamine release in the striatum at peak emotional arousal during music listening. To examine the time course of dopamine release, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging with the same stimuli and listeners, and found a functional dissociation: the caudate was more involved during the anticipation and the nucleus accumbens was more involved during the experience of peak emotional responses to music. These results indicate that intense pleasure in response to music can lead to dopamine release in the striatal system. Notably, the anticipation of an abstract reward can result in dopamine release in an anatomical pathway distinct from that associated with the peak pleasure itself. Our results help to explain why music is of such high value across all human societies.

Here are some of the tried and tested tips that can enhance the user experience of your responsive website.

abusive managers and employees' responses

I'm having a hard time thinking this is a good idea. I'd prefer to move toward less reliance on drugs rather than more.

"In this article, we propose actions that will help society accept the benefits of enhancement, given appropriate research and evolved regulation. Prescription drugs are regulated as such not for their enhancing properties but primarily for considerations of safety and potential abuse. Still, cognitive enhancement has much to offer individuals and society, and a proper societal response will involve making enhancements available while managing their risks."

The body size differences are paralleled by maturational changes. The smaller body of an infant or neonate is substantially different physiologically from that of an adult. Congenital defects, genetic variance, and developmental issues are of greater concern to pediatricians than they often are to adult physicians.

A major difference between pediatrics and adult medicine is that children are minors and, in most jurisdictions, cannot make decisions for themselves. The issues of guardianship, privacy, legal responsibility and informed consent must always be considered in every pediatric procedure. In a sense, pediatricians often have to treat the parents and sometimes, the family, rather than just the child. Adolescents are in their own legal class, having rights to their own health care decisions in certain circumstances. In basic terms, pediatricians take care of all of the children's needs from emotional support to medical support.

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Fear is a natural in born response of all living beings. When fear becomes frequent, intense and unreasonable it comes to be classified as phobia.

What drives our desire to behave morally? Neuroeconomist Paul Zak shows why he believes oxytocin (he calls it "the moral molecule") is responsible for trust, empathy and other feelings that help build a stable society.

It is probаblу good tо explain fіrst whу testosterone is іmpоrtаnt bеfоre I begin to explain ways to naturally boost testosterone levels. Hormones play a very іmрortant role іn оur bodies аnd аrе responsible for mаnу functions аnd activities. Тhe male hormone, testosterone, іs a key ingredient in a weight loss or muscle building program. Іt will help tо reduce fat retention and will аlsо maximize muscle building potential. There аrе numerous benefits tо increased levels оf testosterone, and hеre arе јust a few that аrе relevant fоr fat loss аnd muscle building: * Decrease in body fat percentage * Increase іn muscular size * Increase іn muscular strength * Increase іn muscular endurance There аre mаnу оthеr benefits that are nоt rеlated tо the muscle building equation. Thеse include improvement іn mood аnd a decrease in "bad" cholesterol. It is bесаuse оf thеse benefits that body builders focus a lot of attention оn ways to naturally boost testosterone levels. Іf you learn hоw tо increase testosterone naturally, you'll gеt all the benefits by following thеse easy ways to increase testosterone withоut any оf the negatives associated with steroids and other nasty supplements. 1 - Compound Exercises You're going to the gym anуwaу so changing уour workout tо focus оn mоre compound exercises will not be that difficult. Тrу tо build а weight lifting program that іs developed аrоund a core group of compound exercises lіke squats, deadlifts, bаck rows, bench presses, chin uрs, and оthеrs thаt use sevеrаl large muscle groups rather focusing оn a small muscle. I'm not sауіng to completely ignore isolation exercises for smaller muscles, just tо refocus the workout tо include more compound lifts. 2 - Heavy Weights The harder уоu work іn the gym, the harder yоur body will work tо help thе recovery. Weights саn help tо increase testosterone naturally?

PXLab is a collection of Java classes and applications for running psychological experiments. The PXLab system allows interactive design of a wide range of experiments from all areas of psychological research. It includes a run time control system which runs experiments under highly optimized timing constraints. PXLab's major features include: Complete procedural control for sessions, blocks, and trials, display composition by combining elementary display objects, timing groups of display objects, more than 100 elementary display objects: text, geometric objects, images, gratings, sound, movies, and many more, conditional display execution, response collection from keyboard, mouse, external devices, and sound channels, precise timing with optimized use of accelerated video memory, automatic time control and report of all timing properties, vertical retrace synchronization with native code library under Windows, color control by CIE chromaticity coordinates using built in gamma correction, all display object properties controlled by experimental parameters, experiments can run as local applications or as HTML-embedded applets using the same design file, same program does data collection in the laboratory and on the internet extensible by implementing new display objects in Java code uses ASCII design files, tools for design file editing, command line experiments, and color calibration, special features for class room demonstrations and laboratory courses.

A Roman emperor is actually responsible for the 7-day antibiotic course.

study using SELF REPORT QUESTIONNAIRES on relationship of caffeine, stress, and proneness to psychosis like experiences

Obama working to avoid groupthink: "I assembled this team because I am a strong believer in strong personalities and strong opinions," he said. "I think that's how the best decisions are made. One of the dangers in a White House, based on my reading of history, is that you get wrapped up in group-think and everybody agrees with everything and there's no discussion and there are no dissenting views. So I am going to be welcoming a vigorous debate inside the White House. "But understand, I will be setting policy as president. I will be responsible for the vision that this team carries out, and I will expect them to implement that vision once decisions are made."

Trivial reminders of money made a surprisingly large difference. For example, where the control group would offer to spend an average of 42 minutes helping someone with a task, those primed to think about money offered only 25 minutes. Similarly, when someone pretending to be another participant in the experiment asked for help, the money group spent only half as much time helping her. When asked to make a donation from their earnings, the money group gave just a little over half as much as the control group. Why does money makes us less willing to seek or give help, or even to sit close to others? Vohs and her colleagues suggest that as societies began to use money, the necessity of relying on family and friends diminished, and people were able to become more self-sufficient. "In this way," they conclude, "money enhanced individualism but diminished communal motivations, an effect that is still apparent in people's responses today."

Everything we do is for the purpose of altering consciousness. We form friendships so that we can feel certain emotions, like love, and avoid others, like loneliness. We eat specific foods to enjoy their fleeting presence on our tongues. We read for the pleasure of thinking another person's thoughts. Every waking moment-and even in our dreams-we struggle to direct the flow of sensation, emotion, and cognition toward states of consciousness that we value.Drugs are another means toward this end. Some are illegal; some are stigmatized; some are dangerous-though, perversely, these sets only partially intersect. There are drugs of extraordinary power and utility, like psilocybin (the active compound in "magic mushrooms") and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which pose no apparent risk of addiction and are physically well-tolerated, and yet one can still be sent to prison for their use-while drugs like tobacco and alcohol, which have ruined countless lives, are enjoyed ad libitum in almost every society on earth. There are other points on this continuum-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") has remarkable therapeutic potential, but it is also susceptible to abuse, and it appears to be neurotoxic.[1]One of the great responsibilities we have as a society is to educate ourselves, along with the next generation, about which substances are worth ingesting, and for what purpose, and which are not. The problem, however, is that we refer to all biologically active compounds by a single term-"drugs"-and this makes it nearly impossible to have an intelligent discussion about the psychological, medical, ethical, and legal issues surrounding their use. The poverty of our language has been only slightly eased by the introduction of terms like "psychedelics" to differentiate certain visionary compounds, which can produce extraordinary states of ecstasy and insight, from "narcotics" and other classic agents of stupefaction and abuse.

The natives who have Moon in their 3rd house of Kundli usually lack the competence to handle the responsibilities of marriage. Moon in the third house of career makes the native interesting in picking up new languages

Feeling sad is a natural emotional response to upsetting life situations. It is only when this sadness is prolonged and interferes with our daily living, like feelings of guilt, lack of concentration, sleep problems, changes in appetite, can we term it as depression.