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The primary purpose of this solicitation is to support highly interactive, multi-disciplinary teams, whose research efforts are focused on large-scale discovery of T cell immune epitopes associated with infectious or autoimmune diseases, and rejection of, or tolerance to, transplanted cells/organs/tissues. The discovery of epitopes associated with T cell responses to commensals and how they may be altered by the inflammatory state will also be supported by this solicitation. Validation of these epitopes and defining their role in immune protection or immune-mediated pathogenesis in humans is required. Investigators may include development/refinement of T cell epitope prediction tools as part of their research plan. It is anticipated that the multi-disciplinary teams will minimally include immunologists with the appropriate expertise in epitope identification and validation, and either microbiologists and/or virologists with expertise in the target pathogen(s), clinicians with expertise in the target autoimmune diseases, or clinicians with expertise in transplantation, as appropriate. This program will not support studies related to HIV/AIDS, or allergen epitopes, including those which are infection-related.

The NIH Research Project Grant supports a discrete, specified, circumscribed project in areas representing the specific interests and competencies of the investigator(s). The proposed project must be related to the programmatic interests of one or more of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) based on their scientific missions. This Funding Opportunity Announcement does not accept applications proposing clinical trial(s).

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages applications to study the ethical, legal and societal issues (ELSI) of human genome research in African populations. Of particular interest are projects that propose focused bioethical, legal, and social science analyses of new or emerging issues.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support innovative approaches to identifying, understanding, and developing strategies for overcoming barriers to the adoption, adaptation, integration, scale-up and sustainability of evidence-based interventions, tools, policies, and guidelines. Conversely, there is a benefit in understanding circumstances that create a need to stop or reduce ("de-implement") the use of interventions that are ineffective, unproven, low-value, or harmful. In addition, studies to advance dissemination and implementation research methods and measures are encouraged. Also listed under R21

What do you get when you mix the view and excitement of Baltimore's Inner Harbor with about 700 grant administrators and researchers from around the world, then add more than 40 NIH and HHS experts in in one location who are eager to share their experiences and knowledge of the NIH grants process? You get the 2014 NIH Regional Seminar on Program Funding and Grants Administration, of course! Once again, "Charm City" will be the location for this once-a-year event June 25-27 at the Renaissance Baltimore Harborplace Hotel. Don't miss this exciting opportunity for investigators, administrators, grant writers and others who are new to the NIH grants process and/or those wanting to hear the latest NIH grants policy and process information first-hand. Learn how to successfully submit an application, navigate on-line resources, gain a better understanding of the peer review process, and hear about the expectations for managing your award.

The Research Project Grant (R01) supports a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in areas representing the specific interests and competencies of the investigator(s). The proposed project must be related to the programmatic interests of one or more of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) based on descriptions of their programs.

PCORI seeks to fund pragmatic clinical trials, large simple trials, or large-scale observational studies that compare two or more alternatives for addressing prevention, diagnosis, treatment, or management of a disease or symptom; improving healthcare system-level approaches to managing care; communicating or disseminating research results to patients, caregivers, or clinicians; or eliminating health or healthcare disparities. Proposed studies must address critical clinical choices faced by patients, their caregivers, clinicians, or delivery systems. They must involve broadly representative patient populations and be large enough to provide precise estimates of hypothesized effectiveness differences and to support evaluation of potential differences in treatment effectiveness in patient subgroups.

Scientists and patient advocacy groups often use a series of photos, commissioned by NEI some thirty years ago, when they wish to depict the visual experience of patients suffering from blinding diseases. At the time they were created, these images reflected the field's understanding of visual perception for such patients. But the field has advanced considerably since then, and these static images are considered overly simplistic, inaccurate, and generally unsatisfactory. At the same time, technology has evolved to where it is possible to use video and virtual reality to more authentically demonstrate (or even simulate) the experience of have a blinding disease. As part of the efforts of the NEI 50th Anniversary Planning Committee, the institute seeks the support of experts in blinding diseases, visual psychophysics, and video/virtual reality production to create a scientifically accurate and clinically authentic blindness simulation "experience" that can be used for education, public advocacy, and research purposes and a series of short videos that can be posted online for education and public outreach.

Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States. More than half of smokers attempt to quit each year, but fewer than one in ten succeed. Evidence-based cessation treatments, including individual, group, and telephone counseling and seven FDA-approved cessation medications, exist, but are underutilized. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health is announcing the opportunity to apply for funds for a competitive, non-research cooperative agreement to provide technical assistance to state tobacco control programs and other partners to translate the science of tobacco control cessation into public health action in order to further increase the rate of cessation among tobacco users in the United States. The funded organizations will accomplish this by providing technical assistance to state tobacco control programs and other partners to 1) Implement health systems change initiatives that seek to integrate tobacco dependence treatment into routine clinical care, including care of persons with behavioral health conditions; and 2) Improve state quitlines' infrastructure, operations, and services to further enhance their effectiveness and efficiency, increase state quitlines' reach, especially among populations experiencing tobacco-related disparities, broaden the range of cessation services offered by state quitlines, and enhance quitline sustainability.

This FOA encourages research relevant to the development of therapeutic interventions for potentially fatal or disabling conditions that have been identified through newborn screening, as well as "high priority" genetic conditions where screening may be possible in the near future. Demonstrating the benefits of treatment is often a primary criterion for including a condition on a newborn screening panel; therefore, this FOA, a "high priority" condition is one where screening is not currently recommended but would significantly benefit from early identification and treatment. Also listed under R03

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites applications for studies to understand the effects of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on bone mass and quality and/or fracture risk. Researchers may propose investigations in newly recruited subjects or using subjects and/or samples from ongoing clinical studies of individuals with for T1D.

The reproducibility and comparability of research on dietary supplements is enhanced by rigorous analytical characterization of key experimental materials and the publication of validated analytical methods that accurately and precisely characterized and quantify constituents in dietary supplement ingredients and products. This FOA builds on existing NIH awards to support the performance and publication of formal single-laboratory validation studies of quantitative analytical methods. The methods proposed for validation must be used to identify and quantify dietary supplement-relevant chemical constituents (i.e., active or marker chemical compounds, adulterants, contaminants) or their metabolites in experimental reagents, raw materials, and/or clinical specimens (e.g., urine or plasma samples). Methods must have been developed or utilized in fulfillment of the active parent grant's specific aims. Candidate constituents for quantitative method validation studies include (but are not limited to): phytochemicals, nutrients, and potentially deleterious substances such as pesticides and mycotoxins. Multi-laboratory validation studies will not be supported through this FOA.

The purpose of this initiative is to encourage interdisciplinary research to decrease symptom burden and enhance health-related quality of life (HRQL) in persons with chronic illness through a) increasing knowledge of the biological mechanisms of symptoms and b) promoting innovative, cost-effective, targeted interventions to prevent, manage or ameliorate these symptoms.

The purpose of the funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to encourage research on the etiology of depressive symptoms that occur in the context of a sudden onset acute illness. Although it is known that depressive symptoms may linger and affect functional recovery long after physical recovery from an acute insult, there is a gap in knowledge about the pathobiology that may underlie these incident depressive symptoms. A greater understanding of the etiological factors that contribute to and/or mitigate a trajectory of depressive symptoms may inform a personalized, holistic approach to managing recovery from acute illness.

To improve health and reduce the burden of disease, scientific research needs to be implemented at the population level in addition to the biological and clinical levels. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support multilevel, transdisciplinary population health interventions that target underlying social, economic, and environmental conditions in an effort to improve health outcomes

The INSPIRE awards program was established to address some of the most complicated and pressing scientific problems that lie at the intersection of traditional disciplines.  It is intended to encourage investigators to submit bold, exceptional proposals that some may consider to be at a disadvantage in a standard NSF review process; it is not intended for proposals that are more appropriate for existing award mechanisms.