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This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages applicants to develop innovative research applications on prescription drug abuse, including research to examine the factors contributing to prescription drug abuse; to characterize the adverse medical, mental health and social consequences associated with prescription drug abuse; and to develop effective prevention and service delivery approaches and behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Applications to address these issues are encouraged across a broad range of methodological approaches including basic science, clinical, epidemiological, and health services research to define the extent of the problem of prescription drug abuse, to characterize this problem in terms of classes of drugs abused and combinations of drug types, etiology of abuse, and populations most affected (including analyses by age group, race/ethnicity, gender, and psychiatric symptomatology). Studies on individual- and patient-level factors, prescriber factors, and/or health system factors are encouraged, as are studies on all classes of prescription drugs with high abuse liability, including analgesics, stimulants, sedative/hypnotics and anxiolytics. Researchers are further encouraged to study the relationship between the prescription medication, the indication for which the medication was prescribed (e.g., pain, sleep disorder, anxiety disorder, obesity), and the environmental and individual factors contributing to abuse.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites applications from researchers with broad expertise to study the consequences of alcohol consumption on immune function with a goal toward improving the outcome of patients who abuse alcohol. Alcohol abuse has long been associated with increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. This association has led to extensive research demonstrating that alcohol abuse has a profound and negative impact on immune cell number and function and development of immune defense against pathogens. This pattern of drinking differentially affects the outcome of alcohol abuse: binge alcohol consumption suppresses host innate immune defense; chronic alcohol consumption suppresses most immune functions including phagocytic activity of macrophages and development of adaptive immune defense, yet paradoxically activates chronic inflammation. Cumulative evidence now also supports a role for alcohol-induced immune alterations, in particular inflammation, in a wide range of alcohol related illnesses involving organ or tissue injury. In some cases, interventions against such alcohol-induced immune dysfunctions, such as anti-oxidant supplements and probiotics, are found to be effective in improving the clinical outcome. A comprehensive understanding of alcohol-induced immune dysfunctions and the underlying mechanisms is critical for developing effective diagnostic, preventive, and treatment approaches.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites research grant applications to decipher pathways and mechanisms responsible for HIV-1 induced central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction seen in virally suppressed HIV-1 positive patients, by understanding the causal role played by altered neuronal circuits, neuronal receptors and neuronal networks. Basic and translational research in domestic and international settings are of interest. Multidisciplinary research teams and collaborative alliances are encouraged but not required. This RFA [RFA-MH-18-610] uses the R01 grant mechanism while the companion RFA [RFA-MH-18-611] uses the R21 mechanism. High risk/high payoff projects that lack preliminary data may be most appropriate for the R21 [RFA-MH-18-611] mechanism, while applicants with preliminary data and a discrete, specified, circumscribed project can apply using the R01 [RFA-MH-18-610] mechanism.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages collaborative applications that will contribute to the identification and characterization of patients at risk of developing cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity. The primary intent is to mitigate cardiovascular dysfunction while optimizing cancer outcomes. To accomplish this, methods that evaluate cardiac risk prior to treatment and integrate evidence-based cancer treatment regimens with screening, diagnostic, and/or management strategies are sought. Research applications should focus on mitigation/management of adverse effects associated with anti-cancer treatments including: cytotoxic chemotherapies, targeted agents, immunomodulatory therapies and radiation (that occur during cancer treatment and/or long-term survivorship) as defined by cardiac specific common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE).

The Parkinson's Foundation is inviting applications from new investigators for its PDF-PSG Mentored Clinical Research Award. One $50,000 grant will be awarded for a one-year project in patient-oriented research in Parkinson's disease or other Parkinsonian disorders under the mentorship of an experienced investigator. The goal of the award is to provide funding for an investigator who has the potential to become an independent researcher. To be eligible, applicants should be clinicians and scientists who are within five years of having completed formal training. Fellows may apply.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage cooperative agreement (U54) applications from multidisciplinary groups of investigators to accelerate the rate of progress in determining the functional, pharmacological, neuronal network and whole animal consequences of genetic variants discovered in patients with various types of epilepsy and to develop strategies for establishing diagnostic criteria and identifying potential targets for intervention.

To be eligible, applicants must hold an M.D., D.O., Ph.D., or equivalent degree at time of award; be within five years of initial faculty appointment in association with an academic research institution in the United States or Canada at the time of application; have a strong career interest in hematology/oncology, with a focus on hematologic malignancies; have a research mentor with extensive experience in the field of hematology/oncology, with a focus on hematologic malignancies; be able to devote at least 50 percent of professional time to research (versus administrative, patient care, or teaching responsibilities); and be able to complete the proposed research within the two-year award period, providing evidence (manuscript, presentation, or abstracts) for future research projects.

The purpose of this RFA is to promote research investigating the underlying mechanisms by which opioids including prescription drugs exacerbate HIV-associated neuropathic pain. Results from these studies may help obtain information for developing safe and effective treatments of neuropathic pain for HIV-infected patients exposed to opioids.

Access to quality assured diagnostics and laboratory services is critical to the effective diagnosis, treatment, and management of HIV and other HIV-related diseases, including TB. Achieving an AIDS-Free Generation and the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets requires establishment and operationalization of laboratory and diagnostic networks, including strong and sustainable collaborations with partners.To date, PEPFAR-supported laboratory and integrated diagnostic network strengthening efforts have led to improved access to the quality diagnostic and patient monitoring services required to support the HIV clinical cascade. However, work remains to establish and maintain the partnerships and collaborations required to support these efforts. This NOFO will focus on building and strengthening sustainable networks and partnerships to support laboratory systems, policies, and data use in PEPFAR-supported countries; improving in-service laboratory safety and science competencies through quality training for laboratory professionals; collaborations across partner organizations, laboratory professionals, and clinicians; strengthened public health laboratory and diagnostic network capacity, quality, and functionality; and improved access to high quality and effective technical assistance (TA) resources.

The purpose of this research is to identify, implement, and evaluate the use of effective strategies and tools for provider and patient use to taper and/or discontinue opioids, benzodiazepines, and other medications in which risk outweighs benefits to prevent falls, overdose, and other injuries among community dwelling older adults.

This announcement solicits applications for the Health Center Program's Service Area Competition (SAC). The Health Center Program supports patient-directed public and private nonprofit organizations that provide primary and preventive health care services to the Nation's medically underserved. The purpose of the SAC funding opportunity is to ensure continued access to comprehensive, culturally competent, quality primary health care services for communities and vulnerable populations currently served by the Health Center Program.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. In 2015, approximately three million US adults reported having a diagnosis of IBD and the estimated number has increased greatly from 1.8 million since 1999. While the exact cause is unknown, the severity and progression of the disease largely impacts the patients’ quality of life and imposes huge financial burden to the US healthcare system. The purpose of this announcement is to 1) establish a new IBD registry to estimate incidence of IBD in the adult and pediatric populations and extrapolate to the US population; 2) describe the natural history and outcomes of IBD; 3) determine racial/ethnic variation in the detection and management of IBD; and 4) identify evidence-based strategies to improve disease outcomes. The results are anticipated to enhance understanding of the impact of IBD on the overall health of affected persons and the impact of various clinical practices and healthcare delivery approaches on the disease outcomes.

The goal of this FOA is to support innovative, basic and translational research in two areas, gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal immunology and liver disease. The emphasis for GI mucosal immunology is on elucidation of mechanisms whereby innate and adaptive immunity in the GI tract interacts with HIV infection in the presence or absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and contributes to HIV infection, persistence, disruption of GI homeostasis, and pathogenesis. The emphasis for liver disease is on pathophysiologic mechanisms of injury to the liver and the biliary system during HIV infection and epidemiological studies of liver diseases and disorders in HIV patients.

Recently, a variety of biopharmaceuticals have come to be used in clinical practice. Macromoleculardrugs, however, are extremely difficult to absorb from the gastrointestinal tract; also, they are mainly administered through injection, which is associated with pain upon administration and would pose a great burden on patients. From the viewpoint of stability of medicinal products, many medicines should be refrigerated, resulting in reduced work or production efficiency in clinical or manufacturing practice, respectively.

The goal of this FOA is to support innovative, basic and translational research in two areas, gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal immunology and liver disease. The emphasis for GI mucosal immunology is on elucidation of mechanisms whereby innate and adaptive immunity in the GI tract interacts with HIV infection in the presence or absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and contributes to HIV infection, persistence, disruption of GI homeostasis, and pathogenesis. The emphasis for liver disease is on pathophysiologic mechanisms of injury to the liver and the biliary system during HIV infection and epidemiological studies of liver diseases and disorders in HIV patients.

The 2017 Building Trust and Mutual Respect to Improve Health Care call for proposals (CFP) will fund empirical research studies to help us better understand how to build trust and mutual respect to meet vulnerable patients' health care needs. For this CFP, we would define vulnerable populations in a number of different ways, including the economically disadvantaged, diverse racial and ethnic populations, the uninsured, older adults, homeless individuals, and people with complex health and social needs (including people with acute behavioral health needs or multiple chronic conditions). Proposals most closely aligned with the scope of this CFP will go beyond documenting the problem to generate findings that will be generalizable and have broad application across health systems and the field. Eligibility and Selection Criteria · Researchers, as well as practitioners in the public and private sector working with researchers, are eligible to submit proposals through their organizations. Projects may be generated from disciplines including health services research; economics; sociology; program evaluation; political science; public policy; psychology; public health; public administration; law; business administration; or other related fields. · The Foundation may give preference to applicants that are either public entities or nonprofit organizations that are tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and are not private foundations or Type III supporting organizations. · The Foundation may require additional documentation. Applicant organizations must be based in the United States or its territories.

The FY17 HRRP FRA is intended to support functional hearing restoration research that develops and validates assessment techniques and treatment methods using patient-centric outcomes to identify potential predictive indicators for successful treatment of individuals living with functional auditory system deficits. The research in this area should result in refined diagnostic tools and improved evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. Applications involving multidisciplinary collaborations among academia, industry, the military Services, the VA, and other Federal Government agencies are highly encouraged. Under this award mechanism, research may support correlative or observational studies that are associated with an ongoing or completed clinical trial.

The FY17 HRRP TRA mechanism is being offered in this first year of the program to support preclinical translational research that will accelerate the movement of promising initiatives relevant to hearing restoration into clinical applications. The ultimate goal of translational research is to move an observation forward into clinical application and accelerate the clinical introduction of healthcare products, technologies, or practice guidelines. Observations that drive a research idea may be derived from a laboratory discovery, population-based studies, or a clinician's first-hand knowledge of patients and anecdotal data. However, Principal Investigators (PIs) should not view translational research as a one-way continuum from bench to bedside. The research plan should involve a reciprocal flow of ideas and information between basic and clinical science.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages applications that develop and test multilevel interventions to improve follow-up to abnormal screening tests for breast, cervical, colorectal, or lung cancers. Improving follow-up to abnormal screening tests is dependent on factors at the patient, provider, clinical team, clinic, healthcare institution, or community setting levels. Appropriate applications for this FOA should propose to intervene at two or more levels, and measure outcomes at three or more levels, while accounting for interactions that occur between and across levels.

Millions of people with HIV/AIDS now have extended life spans as a result of targeted HIV testing services and scale-up of effective anti-retroviral therapy (ART), resulting in increased need to 1) effectively manage large volumes of data; 2) accurately track patient cohorts across space and time; 3) track utilization of human and material resources; and 4) support evidence-driven decisions. Interoperable health information systems (HIS), including electronic medical records (EMR) and laboratory information systems (LIS), are essential tools for collecting, managing, and using these data. This NOFO will support countries to 1) design, develop, implement, and evaluate HIS; 2) develop and improve policy, governance, and infrastructure needed to implement HIS and increase sustainability and country ownership; 3) sustain informatics workforce and capacity development; and 4) protect, secure, standardize, exchange, and share data to improve health.