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The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) supports a program of longitudinal cohorts to address emerging and high priority research on HIV/AIDS in the context of injection and non-injection substance abuse.  These cohorts provide a strong resource platform for current and future collaborative efforts with other investigators to address emerging questions related to HIV pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment in the context of substance abuse, as well as to foster the creativity and efficiency of investigator-initiated research projects. The diverse research activities among these cohorts include basic immunologic, and virologic studies, as well as studies on HIV prevention and treatment, and the co-morbidities and co-infections associated with HIV and substance abuse.  NIDA has determined that a coordinating center (CC) is needed in order to take advantage of these rich sources of data and bio-specimens and optimize collaborations among both the cohort investigators and other researchers not funded under the cohort program. In addition, the CC is expected to establish a virtual repository, and facilitate the leadership of the cohorts steering committee (SC), consisting of representatives from the NIDA-funded cohorts and NIDA staff. At this time, NIDA is soliciting  cooperative agreement applications for a CC to support the collaborative efforts of the cohorts that are currently funded by NIDA.

The purpose of this funding opportunity is to establish a program of research to advance the understanding, prevention and treatment of pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Given the prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality of MODS in children, the current lack of understanding underscores the need for more exploratory research. Possible topics of study include, but are not limited to, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, monitoring, and treatment of MODS. Studies that assess specific etiologies associated with MODS including, but not limited to, sepsis, trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, inborn errors of metabolism, burns, cancer, transplantation and congenital heart disease are encouraged. Applications may include any appropriate study design ranging from basic science animal models through small prospective randomized controlled trials. The intent of this R21 funding initiative is to encourage exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early and conceptual stages of research projects addressing these topics. These studies may incur considerable research risk in efforts to make important breakthroughs in the understanding, prevention and treatment of MODS in children. Projects of limited cost or scope that use widely accepted approaches and methods within well-established fields are better suited for the R03 small grant activity code. It is hoped that the results of this exploratory research will translate into improved clinical outcomes for children with, and at risk for MODS.

Overview: The Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) is interested in receiving applications for a new Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) program dedicated to improving prevention, early recognition, diagnosis, and effective treatment of severe sepsis from all causes in austere environments. This program will be supported through the establishment of a consortium of investigators with skills and expertise in infectious disease, critical care, systems biology, global health, and other relevant fields who will work together on a coordinated program of research. This consortium, named the Austere Environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes (ACESO), will focus on the generation of knowledge that can rapidly translate into preventing and improving the outcome of severe sepsis in austere or resource-limited settings. Particular attention will focus on etiologic causes that currently have no specific therapies and that pose unique risks to the military with respect to outbreaks, deployed forces, or deliberate-use scenarios (e.g., viral hemorrhagic fever [VHF]). ACESO will establish a platform for research to address gaps in the Department of Defense's (DoD) capabilities for improving knowledge on severe sepsis and biological threats that manifest as severe sepsis in austere settings. ACESO will leverage a network of investigators, trained study staff, and in-country infrastructure to execute research that will evaluate clinical management strategies and the pathogenesis of severe sepsis, characterize the clinical aspects of sepsis related to various potential biological threats, improve outcomes for severe sepsis in austere environments, investigate the immunopathogenesis and long-term sequelae of infectious etiologies (especially hemorrhagic fevers), and augment the capability to gather important clinical data in outbreak settings of severe emerging disease.

PEPFAR South Sudan works in collaboration with the Government of South Sudan (GOSS) Ministry of Health (MOH) in implementing the HIV/AIDS National Strategic Plan (NSP) based on a priority action approach and strong collaboration and coordination among different stakeholders. PEPFAR South Sudan has prioritized supporting the MOH in strengthening their national laboratory system with the primary objective of supporting the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and surveillance of HIV through high-quality laboratory services. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits technical assistance (TA) to strengthen the GOSS MOH laboratory and blood transfusion services systems. Outcomes will include the overall strengthening of the National Reference Lab, implementing and achieving accreditation for quality assurance systems; strengthening service delivery through increased technical assistance to lab testing programs, and training and accreditation for the national blood safety programs. The ultimate outcome is a national integrated quality-assured network of tiered laboratories providing quality clinical laboratory services with the capacity to support the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and surveillance of HIV and other diseases and support the establishment of the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) and the National Blood Transfusion Services (NBTS).

The goal of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) Quantum Program is to achieve a profound (quantum) advance over present-day approaches to the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and/or treatment of a major disease or national public health problem primarily through the development of biomedical engineering/biomedical imaging technologies. In order to realize a profound advance against a major disease or national public health problem, this announcement supports research to develop and prepare a target technology for clinical efficacy at the completion of Quantum funding (which may include up to two competitive renewals). The NIBIB mission is to improve human health by leading the development and acceleration of the application of biomedical technologies. Major biomedical technologies, emerging from the interface of the engineering, physical, and life sciences such as MR imaging, endoscopic devices for minimally invasive surgery, the cochlear implant, and the pacemaker have had a profound impact on human health and quality of life. In many cases, realization of a quantum impact from a new biomedical technology can only be achieved if the needed intellectual and financial resources are focused on a specific targeted project in a concerted fashion. The NIBIB Quantum Program is intended to support development of biomedical technologies that will result in a profound paradigm shift in prevention, detection, diagnosis, and/ or treatment of a major disease or national public health problem.

The Foundation's heavy focus on literacy and reading converges with one of public broadcasting's core strengths. The Foundation may be a prospect for literacy, adult education, GED or reading programs run by stations on their own or in partnership with others. The Foundation also has some evidence of interest in dropout prevention (and certainly literacy and dropout prevention intersect). The Foundation makes grants to many small and large programs in communities nationwide (libraries, youth clubs, schools, literacy councils, workforce training programs, etc.) and may be a candidate for projects where a station partners with other community organizations.

The OPORP Orthotics and Prosthetics Outcomes Research Award (OPORA) is being offered for the first time in FY14. It is intended to support research that evaluates the comparative effectiveness of and functional outcomes associated with prosthetic and orthotic clinical interventions and/or other rehabilitation interventions for Service Members and Veterans who have undergone limb salvage or limb amputation. The goal is to improve our understanding of and ultimately advance the implementation of the most effective prescriptions for prosthetic and orthotic devices, treatment, rehabilitation, and secondary health effect prevention options for patients, clinicians, other caregivers, and policymakers. Proposed projects should be designed to provide outcomes data regarding orthotic and prosthetic devices, and/or related clinical interventions and must include the anticipated effect on patient care metrics. Collaboration with military researchers and clinicians is encouraged, as are joint Department of Defense (DoD)-VA studies, including longitudinal outcome studies. Studies are sought that: * Compare different patient care approaches. * Include patient-centric outcome assessments. * Have the potential to generate new knowledge that can be developed into new clinical practice guidelines, and/or new prescription algorithms for prosthetic and orthotic devices. * Have the potential to develop new technology for improved prosthetic and orthotic devices, therefore improving patient outcomes. * Provide information on quality of life, reintegration, and/or return to duty/return to work as it pertains to those patients who use a prosthetic or orthotic device due to limb trauma. All applications must demonstrate direct relevance to Service Members and Veterans with traumatic extremity injury and/or amputation using prosthetics and orthotic devices. Examples of studies that are appropriate for submission to the FY14 OPORA include, but are not limited to, examination of the

The intention of this Funding Opportunity Announcement is to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of vulvodynia.  By definition, vulvar discomfort or pain without a clear etiology is termed vulvodynia. Some organizations use the term vulvodynia to indicate vulvar pain of unknown etiology for more than 3 months.  For the purposes of this announcement, vulvodynia and vulvar pain will be used interchangeably.  The overall incidence of vulvodynia has been reported as 4.2 cases per 100 person-years in one population based study, with others estimating that persistent vulvar pain affects 9 to 18 percent of women at some point during their lifetime. Current evidence suggests that incidence rates vary by age, ethnicity and marital status.

The intention of this Funding Opportunity Announcement is to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of vulvodynia.  By definition, vulvar discomfort or pain without a clear etiology is termed vulvodynia. Some organizations use the term vulvodynia to indicate vulvar pain of unknown etiology for more than 3 months.  For the purposes of this announcement, vulvodynia and vulvar pain will be used interchangeably.  The overall incidence of vulvodynia has been reported as 4.2 cases per 100 person-years in one population based study, with others estimating that persistent vulvar pain affects 9 to 18 percent of women at some point during their lifetime. Current evidence suggests that incidence rates vary by age, ethnicity and marital status.

The Purpose of this FOA is to solicit cooperative agreement applications that propose clinical trials to establish the effectiveness of existing therapies and approaches for prevention and management of pain. The studies must address questions within the mission and research interests of participating NIH Institutes and Centers and evaluate preventive strategies or interventions including medications, biologics, procedures, medical and assistive devices and technologies, diagnostic testing, behavioral change, rehabilitation strategies, complementary therapies, integrated approaches, and delivery system strategies in well controlled trials The overall goal is to inform clinicians about the effectiveness of interventions that will improve functional outcomes and reduce pain across the continuum of acute to chronic pain associated with many types of diseases or conditions or pain presenting as a disease itself. Clinical trials will be conducted within the infrastructure of the HEAL Pain Management Effectiveness Research Network.

Founded in 1999, the Colorectal Cancer Alliance works to empower a nation of advocates to support patients, raise awareness of preventative measures, and inspire efforts to fund critical research. The alliance is committed to investing $10 million in critical research by 2021, including $3 million specifically to young-onset colorectal cancer research. To advance this goal, the alliance will award three Colorectal Cancer Alliance Chris4Life Research Grants in Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Research in December 2018 (funding start date January 2019). Grant proposals will be considered in the categories of basic, translational, clinical, or epidemiological. Projects should focus on risk factors and causes associated with the rise in young-onset colorectal cancer, including but not limited to changes in the microbiome and its impact on young-onset colorectal cancer; prevention and early detection strategies for reducing the incidence and death rates associated with young-onset colorectal cancer; better mechanisms for increasing the long-term survival rates of those with young-onset colorectal cancer; and/or the psychosocial impacts of young-onset colorectal cancer and the overall social influence on daily survivorship.

Half of all Crohn's disease patients will develop disease complications, one of which is development of fibrotic strictures (fibrostenosis) leading to GI tract obstruction and severe clinical consequences. Fibrostenosis is also a serious problem for ulcerative colitis, with approximately 8 percent incidence over a lifetime. Currently there is no clinical solution for preventing or treating fibrostenosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) except for surgical intervention. Therefore, there is a great unmet need to understand fibrotic complications in IBD and how to prevent and treat them.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is associated with the Beau Biden Cancer MoonshotSM Initiative that is intended to accelerate cancer research. The purpose of this FOA is to increase case ascertainment and appropriate follow-up care, optimizing the delivery of evidence-based healthcare for individuals at high risk of cancer due to an inherited genetic susceptibility. Specifically, this FOA targets the following area designated as a scientific priority by the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP) Recommendation G: "To realize the potential of cancer prevention and early detection in our nation, NCI should sponsor an initiative to improve the current state of early detection, genetic testing, genetic counseling, and knowledge landscape of the mechanisms and biomarkers associated with cancer development. This initiative should include demonstration projects that will show how cancer screening programs can simultaneously save lives, improve quality of life, and reduce healthcare costs." This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites multiple Program Director/Principle Investigator (multi-PD/PI) U01 application for projects aimed at identifying best practices to improve case ascertainment and follow-up care of hereditary cancers, with the goal of improving prevention and detection.

The purpose of this funding is to support etiologic and effectiveness research on driving while polysubstance impaired. Specifically, research is solicited to identify risk and protective factors associated with polysubstance impaired driving and its associated deaths and injuries, or to identify effective interventions to prevent polysubstance impaired driving and its associated deaths and injuries. Polysubstance impaired driving includes driving while impaired by alcohol plus at least one other drug, such as marijuana or opioids. Research Priority #1 is to conduct etiologic research to inform our understanding of the characteristics of and risk and protective factors associated with impaired driving when alcohol plus other drugs (such as marijuana or prescription or illicit opioids) are involved. Research Priority #2 is to conduct effectiveness research to evaluate interventions most effective at preventing driving while impaired by alcohol plus other drugs (such as marijuana or prescription or illicit opioids).

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is associated with the Beau Biden Cancer MoonshotSM Initiative that is intended to accelerate cancer research. Specifically, this FOA targets the following area designated as scientific priority by the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP): Recommendation B. Create a translational science network devoted exclusively to immunotherapy approaches to treat and prevent adult cancers. The goal of the network is to foster collaborative team science approaches to accelerate the discover of new immune targets and evaluate novel immune-based therapies and combination approaches that eliminate established cancers in adults or to prevent cancers before they occur.

This notice solicits applications for fiscal year (FY) 2018 Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) Part C Early Intervention Services (EIS) Program: New Geographic Service Areas. The purpose of this program is to provide comprehensive primary health care and support services in an outpatient setting for low income, uninsured, and underserved people living with HIV (PLWH). Under this notice, successful applicants must provide: (1) counseling for individuals with respect to HIV; (2) targeted HIV testing; (3) medical evaluation, clinical, and diagnostic services; (4) therapeutic measures for preventing and treating the deterioration of the immune system, and for preventing and treating conditions arising from HIV/AIDS; and (5) referrals to appropriate providers of health care and support services.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites applications that focus on clarifying the relationship between delirium and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Specifically sought is research focusing on understanding why persons with ADRD are at increased risk to develop delirium, often with a worse prognosis compared to those without antecedent ADRD, and why patients who experience delirium are at higher risk to develop subsequent short- and/or long-term mild cognitive impairment or ADRD, often with an accelerated rate of cognitive decline compared to those without preceding delirium. Relevant research projects may focus on, but are not limited to, those that A) provide insight into possible common, sequential, causative, contributory and/or synergistic pathways underlying both ADRD and delirium, B) elucidate mechanisms that lead to the development of delirium against the background of aging and/or neurodegeneration, with particular emphasis on use of appropriate animal models, C) identify risk factors for the onset and/or progression of delirium in those with ADRD and vice versa, D) diagnose and assess one condition in the setting of the other, E) identify putative phenotypes of patients with co-existing ADRD and delirium, or F) test pharmacologic and/or non-pharmacologic strategies to prevent, treat, or reduce the impact of delirium in patients with ADRD and vice versa. Research supported by this FOA is intended to provide mechanistic insight to improve risk assessment, diagnosis, phenotyping, prevention, and management approaches for both delirium and ADRD.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) requests applications to explore human pancreatic tissues for the discovery of early biomarkers of T1D pathogenesis, the description of specific signaling or processing pathways that may contribute to the asymptomatic phase of T1D, the development of clinical diagnostic tools for the detection and staging of early T1D in at-risk or recently-diagnosed individuals, and/or the identification of therapeutic targets for the development of preventative or early treatment strategies. Successful applicants will join the Consortium on Beta Cell Death and Survival (CBDS), whose mission is to better define and detect the mechanisms of beta cell stress and destruction central to the development of T1D in humans, with the long-term goal of detecting beta cell destruction and protecting the residual beta cell mass in T1D patients as early as possible in the disease process, and of preventing the progression to autoimmunity. The CBDS is part of a collaborative research framework, the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN, https://hirnetwork.org), whose overall mission is to support innovative and collaborative translational research to understand how human beta cells are lost in T1D, and to find innovative strategies to protect and replace functional beta cell mass in humans. This FOA will only support studies with a primary focus on increasing our understanding of human disease biology (as opposed to rodent or other animal models).

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) requests applications to explore human pancreatic tissues for the discovery of early biomarkers of T1D pathogenesis, the description of specific signaling or processing pathways that may contribute to the asymptomatic phase of T1D, the development of clinical diagnostic tools for the detection and staging of early T1D in at-risk or recently-diagnosed individuals, and/or the identification of therapeutic targets for the development of preventative or early treatment strategies. Successful applicants will join the Consortium on Beta Cell Death and Survival (CBDS), whose mission is to better define and detect the mechanisms of beta cell stress and destruction central to the development of T1D in humans, with the long-term goal of detecting beta cell destruction and protecting the residual beta cell mass in T1D patients as early as possible in the disease process, and of preventing the progression to autoimmunity. The CBDS is part of a collaborative research framework, the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN, https://hirnetwork.org), whose overall mission is to support innovative and collaborative translational research to understand how human beta cells are lost in T1D, and to find innovative strategies to protect and replace functional beta cell mass in humans. This FOA will only support studies with a primary focus on increasing our understanding of human disease biology (as opposed to rodent or other animal models). This FOA will not accept applications proposing a clinical trial.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) seeks late-stage T4 Translation research (T4TR) and implementation studies that will lead to generalizable new knowledge to accelerate the adoption/adaptation, and sustained, high-fidelity use of proven-effective interventions for the prevention, treatment, and control of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders or diseases (HLBS conditions). It calls for multi-level strategies for delivery of proven-effective interventions to promote the prevention and management of HLBS conditions. The system-level change(s) being evaluated are to be designed, and findings reported so that others would have a contextually-informed understanding of workflow, workforce, and trade-off considerations. These considerations should reflect cultural and organizational contextual factors and values as they inform feasibility and flexibility of adopting, adaptable and sustainable, proven-effective interventions to address HLBS conditions.

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is seeking a Data Coordinating Center (DCC) for biospecimen and consent related activities for the Sudden Death in the Young (SDY) Case Registry. SDY is a tragic event with longstanding impact on families and communities. Although the causes of SDY are myriad, sudden unexpected infant death (SUID), sudden cardiac death and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) are three examples that have inspired public health efforts at prevention. Yet fundamental gaps in knowledge about incidence, mechanisms, and risk factors for SDY limit the identification of effective prevention efforts. This acquisition is for one contract for a SDY Data Coordinating Center with subcontracts and/or other mechanisms as needed to accomplish all necessary work described in the Statement of Work.