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In Open Source as Culture/ Culture as Open Source, the operating systems Linux and GNU. GNU was developed by Richard Stallman in 1983 as an open source operating system which could be developed by many different people working towards the freedom of software. The GNU project was necessary when most software was proprietary in the 1980's. The GNU web page has a great detailed history of the development of GNU from its beginning to how it is being used now Stallman, Richard. GNU Project, Accessed February 12, 2014.

This article by Richard Joyce gives a more in-depth look at the Zapatistas and how they have created the new movement of Internet activism as means to take action against political powers. It touches upon some of the positive and negative aspects of their methods, along with a brief history and several examples of the ways they have used the Internet to take action. Joyce's critical analysis of the Zapatista movement allows for a new perspective that differs from that of the Electronic Disturbance Theater. Joyce, Richard. Bowdoin, "Zapatista Solidarity Online: A Case Study of Internet Activism." Accessed February 12, 2014. http://learn.bowdoin.edu/courses/soc022-richard-joyce/2010/04/zapatista-solidarity-online-a-case-study-of-internet-activism/.

As mentioned throughout the interview with Ricardo Dominguez, the Electronic Disturbance Theater is a group of cyber activists who use electronic civil disobedience to non-violently take action against political powers. On this site, a part of thing.net, there are brief descriptions of the Electronic Disturbance Theater and electronic civil disobedience. There is also information surrounding the EDT's influences, beliefs and methods of electronic civil disobedience. Many of the brief descriptions are accompanied with links to larger, more in-depth articles as well. Wray, Stefan. thing.net, "The Electronic Disturbance Theater and Electronic Civil Disobedience." Accessed February 12, 2014. http://www.thing.net/~rdom/ecd/EDTECD.html.

Thanks, this is an excellent supplement to the interview, lots of context for related ideas from broader situation behind the Zapatistas struggle and 'etmological' roots of the ECD concept

Working between speculative fiction and documentary forms, duo Soda_Jerk explores Afrofuturism in a series of interrelated video installations. Excerpts from "Race for Space," "Destination Planet Rock," "Armageddon in Effect," and "We Are the Robots" are here on their site. The series seems a good supplement to the documentary by Akomfrah. Soda_Jerk digs further into histories of figures like Sun Ra and groups like Public Enemy, working as media archeologists or archivo-cyborgs, patching together new mythos using digital compositing and sound design. Soda_Jerk "Astroblack: Race for Space" 2010. Accessed February 21, 2014 http://www.sodajerk.com.au/video_work.php?v=20120921063755

Here's an introduction to notion of the mundane reality that "we're all cyborgs now" insight on the extensions of mental and physical abilities from locally based cyborg anthropologist Amber Case. We'll talk more about her ideas in subsequent classes. Amber Case: We're All Cyborgs Now. Filmed December 2010, Posted January 2011, TEDWomen 2010. Accessed February 21, 2014.

Here's part 1 (of 3 segments on youtube) of documentary by John Akomfrah on Afrofuturism---an African-American literary and cultural movement, associated with science-fiction writers Samuel Delany, Octavia Butler and others. This movie's protagonist the "data thief" digs through archives of past, present and future, drawing on intersections between various musical genres which share a mythos of future technology and the extra-terrestrial. The future read as history, something already happened, the Atlantic Slave trade framed as alien abduction narrative, the music producer/DJ as cyborg --- human/machine hybrid finding new connections through material memories of black culture. "The Last Angel of History (part 1)" Posted on Youtube by Desultory Heroics. November 23, 2013. Accessed February 21, 2014. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqgkXbQOi68

Here's a tour of a MUD in action. Every time I read the Dibbell article I wonder about what this sort of 'gameplay' looks like. I decided to search one out on Youtube. This video provides a voice-annotated tour that illustrates the Multi-User Dungeon in its starkly abstract textual form. The impersonal nature of text as letter-forms distributed across a network, aligning with the affordances of anonymity, but there's also the thrall of live communication. Words are powerful and the seductive qualities of connection transcend the medium at hand. "Let's Show! MUD: Part 3: Grand Finale" Posted by FrogurtX. June 29, 2009. Accessed February 27, 2014. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQJ2xG0LdVo&list=PLgVWAwe9s2rJhafD0gv2mo-W9d0bvh6sl

As I read 'Web Work: A History of Internet Art' by Rachel Greene, I highlighted some of the websites mentioned to go back to and explore. One of these sites was jodi.org. On my first visit to the site, I just typed in Jodi.org in my Chrome browser, which I will warn you right now: DON'T DO IT! I was brought to a blank black page with no information except that my pop up blocker informed me that it blocked a pop up. Being the fool that I am, I changed the setting to allow pop ups from jodi.org, thinking that maybe the pop up was part of the net.art I would find on the page. Immediately a half dozen or so pop ups popped up and started moving around the page, as I tried to close out of the windows they became more and more erratic and finally I just quit Chrome to get out of there. Then I went to Jodi.org throughout the portal of the Wayback Machine. It seemed like another one of those: "rabbit-hole-look-there-are-so-many-fucking-links-all-over-that-move-and-change-colors-and-shit-aren't-we-so-disruptive-type-sites." that Clae was talking about. Then as I was writing this up, in order to give a better description of the site I went to outside of The Wayback Machine, I went back to Jodi.org and a different page came up! Each time I closed the window and went back to Jodi.org, I was directed to a new and different page. It still seems sketchy and I only visited a few more pages, but I thought it was interesting anyways. "Jodi.org." Accessed February 20, 2014. http://jodi.org.

Aha! JODI, of course! This happened to me too---I couldn't remember which net.artist it was. It's certainly one way of engaging a viewer. This reminds me of something that the writer William Burroughs once said in an interview "If I really knew how to write, I could write something that someone would read and it would kill them" ---- JODI's site doesn't seem so fatal in intention, but there is a strong sense of panic induced by their clever coding!

Bruce Sterling providing a summary of Design Fiction. What it's about, some key figures who have developed the practice and examples of works that fall into this mode of design. Spends time discussing the background theories of 'diegetic prototypes' and drawing parallels with corporate 'vaporware' and military R+D promos. A short introduction to Design Fiction, a starting point. I'd recommend coupling this one with more in-depth articles and examples to build a thorough understanding. Bruce Sterling. "Patently untrue: fleshy defibrillators and synchronised baseball are changing the future" Wired UK: Culture. Posted October 11, 2013. Accessed March 8, 2014. http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2013/10/play/patently-untrue

Wired article debunking Amazon's Prime Air marketing ploy. Behind the seamless and seductively realistic design fiction video, numerous questions from fuel costs to air traffic congestion, unidentifed flying accidents, airspace regulation and so on hover on the periphery of this otherwise alluring prospect. Include a link to the actual video from Amazon. Watch it again after contemplating the externalities, or hidden costs, of such a seemingly seamless operation. It's little wonder what such high definition, cinematic realism affords Amazon. An intensification of scrutiny is needed from the viewer, a critical media viewing, to short-circuit blind faith in the realities promised in such depictions of the future Marcus Wohlsen. "Even if the Feds Let Them Fly, Amazon's Delivery Drones Are Still Nonsense" Wired: Business. Posted December 2, 2013. Accessed March 8, 2014. http://www.wired.com/business/2013/12/amazon-drone/

Design Fiction by Portland based designer Laura Allcorn. Here, as part of an exhibit called Human+, she explains her Human Pollination Project, a miniature tool set constructed to facilitate pollination tasks in anticipation of colony collapse of honey bees. The combination of meticulous craft, background research and an implied preposterous scale of the task in question position this work in the realm of critical design, opening up new questions alongside possible answers. Laura Allcorn. Human Pollination Project. Human+, Science Gallery Published April 2011. Accessed March 8, 2014 https://dublin.sciencegallery.com/humanplus/human-pollination-project/

Here is the amazingly rich, detailed and resource heavy presentation by designer Tobias Revell. A graduate of the Design Interactions program at RCA, Revell charts a survey of pre-cursors and significant features of Critical Design as well as myriad components of Design Fiction from corporate to speculative futures thinking, including:Diegetic Prototypes, Future Mundane, Agents of Fear, Materials, Synthetics -- each section filled with insight and contextual links! Highly recommended primer! Tobias Revell. Critical Design/Design Fiction Lecture Finally Written Up. (Looooong) Published December 2013. Accessed March 8, 2014. http://blog.tobiasrevell.com/2013/12/critical-design-design-fiction-lecture.html

Zotero is a plugin for Firefox (or stand alone program for Safari and Chrome users) that integrates bookmarking, old-fashioned note taking, and utilities like bibme.org into a single, user friendly interface. A button imbedded in the corner of the browser saves a website into your Zotero catalog, and does its best to peel off all the available metadata and organize it into convenient, easy to see categories. It enables the user to organize sources with full notations and (very exciting) export them into a bibliography in whatever style you prefer. As an added bonus, it can also catalog media: .pdf, images, audio, video. Your library lives online, affording very easy access. Additionally, there is a group function in the case that research need be shared. This program is a very fine add-on to our more accident prone organic brains and beats the hell out of cocktail napkins and self-addressed emails full of cryptic links any day.

Nick Foster (aka Fosta) explains his interest in exploring the banal everyday of future worlds, rather than the gee-whiz spaceship /laser gun tropes of sci-fi cinema. He elaborates on three characteristics: Background Talent (what do the paperclips, gardenhoses and tape dispensers look like in the future?), Accretive Space (technologies persist, new are mixed with old) and Partly Broken ( for every new gadget there is a constellation of spotty service, short battery life, and other 'broken realities'.) Foster also points to several science-fiction movies that make efforts to depict the mundane. Fosta. "The Future Mundane" Core77. Published October 7, 2013. Accessed March 7, 2014. http://www.core77.com/blog/columns/the_future_mundane_25678.asp

A micro-manifesto from Dunne&Raby, addressing historical predecessors to Critical Design, similar lines of inquiry, uses and abuses of this way of approaching design, too. Much of this FAQ text seems to have been elaborated on in their recent book, Speculative Everything. This is a fairly quick read that provides a fairly concise summary of the use of "speculative design proposals to challenge narrow assumptions, preconceptions and givens about the role products play in everyday life." (Dunne&Raby) Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby. Critical Design FAQs. Published 2011. Accessed March 7, 2014. www.dunneandraby.co.uk/content/bydandr/13/0

Drexel University's Essay Writing Strategies did a great job illustrating in Layman's terms a simple step by step procedure for writing a paper. I found a ton of Youtube videos and instructional writings on how to be a good writer, but they were boring and difficult to engage with. I felt this spoke directly to start with a "shitty first draft" and gave great pointers on formatting, revising, and even just getting started. The author of this list of strategies provided thorough insight into questions you should be asking yourself to make a solid, structured essay. For example, after getting the "shitty first draft" out of the way, the author suggests beginning the first draft and to do so, it's helpful to start asking yourself questions about your topic. From there, those questions can help point you in the direction of your thesis where the author offers: "Work on the big picture first - don't get too committed early on. Plan to experiment and try completely different versions of your essay. Don't be afraid to toss out drafts that aren't working." Although these seem straightforward, and this pertains to application essays, I think they're great pointers for any paper developing and prove to be helpful for this essay on net.art. Drexel University, "Essay Writing Strategies." Last modified 2014. Accessed March 3, 2014. http://drexel.edu/fellowships/applying/essay/strategies/.

Along with my other post, this one goes hand in hand with that. I felt that including this one as well would be good and would help elaborate in the stages of prewriting and preparing for the first draft. I know out of experience and from others that simply getting started can be terrifying and quite frustrating. This link offers that aid for getting started and offers simple solutions like the basic structure for developing a solid paper. Prewriting exercises such as "brainstorming, free-writing, listing and clustering" act as the catalyst for developing ideas, or points and ideas at least that can be expanded later. As applied to this essay, you might start with different net.art pieces that you saw, made an impact, and then further refine and discover richer ideas you want to develop a paper around. It's helpful not only for this class but for writing in general! University of Maryland University College, "Prewriting and Outlining." Last modified 2014. Accessed March 3, 2014. http://www.umuc.edu/writingcenter/writingresources/prewriting_outlining.cfm.

This article lays out a semi-realistic landscape of the closer future of the internet of things. The provided infographic is a barrage corporate logos separated into sections of lifestyle and platforms. The image itself is a little disturbing, putting into mind a close future surrounded by a cloud of companies, infiltrating our homes with even more information invading our privacy. That being said I liked this article in particular because it did not have a cynical view of the internet of things and did not suggest we judge the validity of the technology on the worst case scenario. I think it's important to be paranoid, but not so much as to stall progress. Turck, Matt. "Making Sense Of The Internet Of Things" Tech Crunch. May 35, 2013. Accessed March 19, 2014. http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/25/making-sense-of-the-internet-of-things/

A few thoughts --the infographic begs for better design, so too the implementation of IoT? Perhaps pronoiac view is happy medium to achieve here ---- Progressive paranoia, or "pronoia" was an outlook popularized amongst cybernetic countercultures of the 1990s. General concept was that "universe is conspiring on your behalf"

An interesting case of design fiction where they have actually programmed a washer to be connected to a smartphone through the cloud so that you may control changes from you phone as well as receive notifications. What they have done which I find interesting is that they have made this video as a way to "start a conversation" about this instance of design fiction. Unlike some design fiction they are not claiming to know what the future will look like or pretend like they have already created the product and worked out all of the bugs. Their approach to design fiction is very simplistic and honest. ""Cloudwash is a prototype connected washing machine. We prototype products at Berg to help us understand how our platform should work, and to encourage better design in connected things…" BERG, "Berg Case Studies/ Cloudwash." Accessed March 20, 2014. http://bergcloud.com/case-studies/cloudwash/.