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This article focuses on closing the achievement gap with a focus on fluency. First, it discusses the wide range of readers many teachers receive in their classroom each year. Within these classrooms there are always students who are considered "struggling readers" and need extensive support that will help them to succeed. The article provides multiple ways teachers can work with these readers in order to close gaps. First, looking at student data and classroom instruction to determine what's going on with the student. Then, practicing and strengthening fluency skills. Willemina Mostert & Kathryn Glasswell mention four key components in building fluency skills; model good oral reading, provide oral support and assistance, offer many opportunities for practice, and encourage through paraphrasing. Additionally, they include four powerful practices for diverse learners.

Week 7- Investigates the use of word wall words and relating activities to improve reading fluency. The research also shares the word wall activities that were used as centers in the study. These activities could be easily incorporated into primary classrooms.

WEEK 4, Name: Julie - 2ND Grade Teacher SMART Goal: At least 80% of students in grade two will be reading level K books or above by the end of 6 weeks. SUMMARY: This article focuses on reading instruction, and discusses why it is important for parents and educators to familiarize ourselves with what scientific-based research tells us about teaching reading comprehension. The topics covered in the article includes scientific research on phonemic awareness, phonics instruction, fluency instruction, vocabulary instruction, and text comprehension instruction. The article determines that there is not a one size fits all solution in reading comprehension intervention. For instance, the article states that students that have underlying decoding or fluency weaknesses would most likely also need instruction in vocabulary and comprehension strategies.

SMART Goal: Given one month, students in below grade level reading groups will be able to increase their reading level by at least one level. This resource is useful for teachers looking to improve the reading abilities of young students. When discussing phonics instruction, this article aides educators in articulating the significant relationship between letters of written language and sounds of spoken language to developing readers. In addition to addressing the fundamentals of phonics, this resource offers methods for fluency instruction, such as repeated oral reading.

(Week 7: Adiatu, Julie, and Heather) This journal article was found by Adiatu on the UMUC Library, and is accessible through the link given above by accessing ERIC. The journal article is based on a study of 132 fourth-graders, and focused on examining the relationship(s) that exists among sustainable attention, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. According to authors Yildiz & Çetinkaya, "Sustainable attention is the type of attention that provides the ability to focus on a task for a long time. It is required to analyze the sentences in reading material and to utilize them actively at different times" ( 2017). The study results showed that students that lacked sustainable attention had poorer reading speed, comprehension, and word recognition. This journal article is useful to teachers because it provides information on useful activities teachers can arrange to increase the attention levels of students. For example, the authors of the journal suggest that teachers record their students' oral readings and play it back for them. This journal article is useful to our group because the teachers' artifacts are based on the reading comprehension and vocabulary gaps of their students, and the authors stress that teachers should strictly monitor the oral reading skills of students that are having reading comprehension difficulties. Reference: Mustafa Yildiz , Ezgi Çetinkaya (2017). The relationship between good readers' attention, reading fluency and reading comprehension. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5, 366 - 371. doi: 10.13189/ujer.2017.050309., Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2017. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1134476

In this article, the authors describe why it is important to develop number sense rather than rote memorization with math facts. The article lists why number sense, reasoning, and deep understanding of numbers leads to more efficient problem solvers and higher achieving math mathematicians. A few engaging activities are listed to replace rote memorization of addition and multiplication math facts. A heavy emphasis on speed leads to anxiety and a distaste of mathematics in many young learners. Educators should be focusing on teaching students how to be flexible thinkers when faced with unknown math facts.

This document provides a detailed overview of the writing process for teachers of and students in secondary schools (grades 7-12). It provides numerous strategies teachers in all content areas can employ to encourage students to write more frequency and with more fluency. The document is organized in chronological order according to the steps of the writing process (Generating Ideas, Developing and Organizing Ideas, and Revising and Editing). Each of these steps in the writing process is described and accompanied by detailed activities. The explicit guidelines (instructions) for each activity could be easily utilized by a novice teacher, but even a seasoned master teacher can benefit from exploring the strategies posed in this document. To address our identified learning gap (that secondary students struggle to elaborate on initial ideas in their writing), the section on "Adding Content" on p. 104 of this document is especially helpful.

The study compares students (grade 4) that received traditional instruction to those who received computer assisted instruction (CAI) with traditional instruction for basic math facts. The results show that daily CAI positively effects student math achievement. This study is interesting in that students received 10 minutes of CAI to achieve these results.

The study described in this article is very interesting because it relates to our group's Exploratory Question. We are trying to see if computer practice one or twice a week correlates to progress in students' mastering their addition and subtraction facts. As shown in the article, computer assisted instruction had a positive impact on the students' fluency of basic math facts.

This is a very length article; however, it also has some interesting sections. It is focused on younger students learning to read. There are sections about different reading instructional strategies and their implications and effectiveness.

This tool provides teachers with the data needed to track students' progress on solving word problems. IXL gives students different word problems to solve. These problems could be solved in a small-group rotation. This would help students identify the steps and method they are using. Also, students would be able to take their time to solve these problems in their elementary school classroom.

This tool provides pre-k to 12 additional support/practice with math concepts. Teachers are able to assign a skill to practice in class or at home. Teachers are able to access reports by concept and time spent. Down side is the cost of IXL.

I use this website for fluency practice and lesson extensions with my small group math instruction. My first graders enjoy the games.

This website provides teachers with free printable center activities for students in grades K-5. All of the activities are well organized under different categories relating to the five core components of reading: Phonological Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension. All of the resources also provide teachers with detailed instructions on how to play each of the games.

This article presents a Texas district's plan on closing the science instructional gap in ethnically diverse students in 2 low socioeconomic elementary schools. Teachers set up a multisensory interactive word walls to teach vocabulary, and designed inquiry science lessons that were aligned with standards and the Texas school district's curriculum framework and pacing guides for science instruction. Purposeful planning gave teachers a chance to become familiar with the progression of instructional goals, and provided time to create activities that fit within the framework and that addressed essential vocabulary. The inquiry science lessons incorporated 5-E: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaboate, and Evaluate, where Engagement is meant to activate prior knowledge, Exploration is hands on inquiry, Explanation involves teacher-guided questions, Elaboration gives students the chance to "solidify" understandin, and Evaluation involves formative and summative assessments. Vocabulary development was achieved with the use of word walls and visuals, sometimes provided by the student to develop familiarity and fluency. Studies showed significant improvement in student achievement. Students reported recognizing science concepts in everyday life, a good sign of true learning. It even benefited the teachers, who reported having "refined" and strengthened science knowledge and teaching strategies as a result of professional development. A balance of focused district standards and teacher-designed interactive lessons using effective research based strategies, seems to have a powerful effect on closing learning and instructional gaps.

I provided a description, but it is not showing in here. It said: This website is a resource for finding fiction and nonfiction books. It requires a paid subscription, but is not too expensive and can make your classroom library ten times as big. This would directly impact my smart learning goal: 80% of students will reach level K in reading (lowest grade-appropriate reading level for second grade) by the beginning of the December. These books use the same level system and the teacher can assign specific texts for students to read to aid in the fluency and comprehension skills.

Smart Target Learning Goal: By the end of the four week close reading intervention, 80% of students will be able to write a paragraph with less then 5 grammatical, spelling, and structural errors. Students will meet with the teacher three times a week for a 30min session. Planning Protocol Rubric Score: Rigor and Relevance:4 Reading A-Z provides a vast amount of reading support and resources for students. Activities on RAZ would be extremely useful in helping a teacher differentiate instruction in order to make the content accessible to learners of various levels of proficiency.

(Week 7: Benjamin, Cheney, and Gretchen) The journal article is accessible by the link above through the UMUC library services. The journal article discusses the ways that a classroom teacher can use Reading Recovery strategies within the guided reading small group instruction. Reading Recovery is an one on one intervention that is short term. The intervention provides one on one tutoring for first grade students. The article explains the effective strategies that Reading Recovery teachers use that can be implemented in small group instruction. The strategies that the article focuses on are fluency through rereading familiar texts, modeling fluent expectations, providing a strong book introduction, knowing when to prompt the students, and observing and analyzing. Teachers can use this article to understand different strategies in order to improve guided reading instruction such as using running records to help guide instruction. "Likewise, careful analysis of running records (formal or informal) helps teachers to further understand how students respond to difficult text."(Lipp & Helfrich, 2016) Teachers need to use running records as a way to locate the deficits in a students reading and plan lessons that will bridge that gap. Lipp and Helfrich(2016) also states that "interrupting a student who is reading must not be a lengthy process that breaks the flow of the story." It is important to explicitly and intentionally interrupt a student while reading with quick prompts that will help the student guide themselves to self corrections. References: Lipp, J. R., & Helfrich, S. R. (2016). Key Reading Recovery Strategies to Support Classroom Guided Reading Instruction. Reading Teacher, 69(6), 639-646. doi:10.1002/trtr.1442

Week 7: The site provides a colorful, engaging environment for mastering math skills. You can sign up for an account or 30 day trail. Educators can sign up for full account benefits with (e.g. student progress tracking and reports; and an awards system for learners for completing certain goals). *Very good site for remedial students learning math and language arts. This site also includes a page in Language arts for 2nd to 10th graders.Practice math online with IXL. The site offers thousands of online math practice skills covering pre-K to high school, with questions that adapt to a student's individual proficiency.

I used to use IXL with my students for reinforcement, the only problem I had when using it was it locks students out after a specific number of questions. There was only so much practice for allotted topics which sometimes was not enough extra practice.

Free users I believe get 10 questions a day, but what I like most about this is that when a student gets a question wrong, it provides a pretty in depth explanation. Great resource.