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Abstract: "Human adults from diverse cultures share intuitions about the points, lines, and figures of Euclidean geometry. Do children develop these intuitions by drawing on phylogenetically ancient and developmentally precocious geometric representations that guide their navigation and their analysis of object shape? In what way might these early-arising representations support later-developing Euclidean intuitions? To approach these questions, we investigated the relations among young children's use of geometry in tasks assessing: navigation; visual form analysis; and the interpretation of symbolic, purely geometric maps. Children's navigation depended on the distance and directional relations of the surface layout and predicted their use of a symbolic map with targets designated by surface distances. In contrast, children's analysis of visual forms depended on the size-invariant shape relations of objects and predicted their use of the same map but with targets designated by corner angles. Even though the two map tasks used identical instructions and map displays, children's performance on these tasks showed no evidence of integrated representations of distance and angle. Instead, young children flexibly recruited geometric representations of either navigable layouts or objects to interpret the same spatial symbols. These findings reveal a link between the early-arising geometric representations that humans share with diverse animals and the flexible geometric intuitions that give rise to human knowledge at its highest reaches. Although young children do not appear to integrate core geometric representations, children's use of the abstract geometry in spatial symbols such as maps may provide the earliest clues to the later construction of Euclidean geometry. "

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Relying on a comprehensive review of the research, Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood lays out the critical areas that should be the focus of young children's early mathematics education, explores the extent to which they are currently being incorporated in early childhood settings, and identifies the changes needed to improve the quality of mathematics experiences for young children.

University of Delaware researchers find: "Even [when their children are] as young as 22 months, American parents draw boys' attention to numerical concepts far more often than girls'. Indeed, parents speak to boys about number concepts twice as often as they do girls. For cardinal-numbers speech, in which a number is attached to an obvious noun reference - "Here are five raisins" or "Look at those two beds" - the difference was even larger. Mothers were three times more likely to use such formulations while talking to boys."

Concludes from research studies involving five-year-old school children in Dubai that iPads help improve numeracy learning in young children as well as increase motivation through "kinaesthetic and play-based learning":"

Research study at Michigan State University shows how developing spatial reasoning in young children (6-8) improves calculation

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The popular educational portal www.kidsworldfun.com is organizing a unique Little Champs Video Contest for preschoolers (3-6 years old) around the world. The contest intends to discover the very young bright stars around the world who are exceptional in a variety of activities such as reading, writing, singing, dancing, doing chores around home, playing with friends, gardening, and so on. Parents, who are interested, should make a video portfolio of their child, of about 3-5 minutes duration, stringing together the various activities he/she engages in at different times, in natural situations. The winners will be selected based on how well and happily the child engages in the task, how independently he/she is able to perform, how much effort is put in, and how skilled he/she is, in each activity engaged in. The terms and conditions of the contest are given at http://www.kidsworldfun.com/video-contest/ The Little Champs Video Contest is the second international contest that the KidsWorldFun is organizing, the first being the prestigious International Short Story Contest for School Children that debuted in 2016.

This is a useful maths site for teaching place value to young children with virtual hundreds, tens and ones blocks. http://ictmagic.wikispaces.com/Maths

A maths resource for young children where users click on shapes based on descriptions. http://ictmagic.wikispaces.com/Maths

A robot themed addition, subtraction, multiplication and division resource for young children. http://ictmagic.wikispaces.com/Maths

Nrich is a vast maths site with great interactive games and resources for young children right up to college mathematicians. http://ictmagic.wikispaces.com/Maths

From the abstract: "Studies on creative mathematics conducted in the past decades revealed that the importance of creation of learning and teaching environment favourable to the identification and nurturing creativity in mathematics. Based on psychological, methodological and didactical models created by Krutetskii (2006), Shchedrovtiskii (2008), Brousseau (2007) and Sierpinska (2004), we have developed our challenging situation approach. During 5 years of field study in the elementary grade VII classroom, we collected sufficient amount of data that demonstrate how these challenging situations help to discover and to boost mathematical creativity in very young children, keeping and increasing their interest towards more advanced mathematics curriculum. This article is an humble attempt to present our model and illustrate how it works in the mixedability classroom. We will also discuss different roles that teachers and students might play in this kind of environment and how each side could benefit from it."

A presentation from the "International Conference on Innovations in Learning and Technology: Asia-Pacific Perspectives", see http://capiconf.uvic.ca/viewabstract.php?id=296&cf=10 for abstract and references