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Mike Wesch

Newspapers and Thinking the Unthinkable « Clay Shirky - 0 views

www.shirky.com/...s-and-thinking-the-unthinkable

future journalism shirky publishing printing

shared by Mike Wesch on 26 Mar 09 - Cached
  • With the old economics destroyed, organizational forms perfected for industrial production have to be replaced with structures optimized for digital data. It makes increasingly less sense even to talk about a publishing industry, because the core problem publishing solves — the incredible difficulty, complexity, and expense of making something available to the public — has stopped being a problem.
Bill Genereux

Lower Merion School District Scandal Parody Shirt from Zazzle.com - 0 views

www.zazzle.com/rody_tshirt-235568003500926676

t-shirt parody littleglassdots

shared by Bill Genereux on 01 Mar 10 - No Cached
  • Bill Genereux on 01 Mar 10
     
    Lower Merion School District is where the laptop webcam spying case is going on. Talk about little glass dots.
Trapper Callender

Man-Computer Symbiosis - 2 views

groups.csail.mit.edu/...Licklider.html

Licklider Man-Computer Symbiosis computer history

shared by Trapper Callender on 11 Feb 10 - Cached
  • In short, it seems worthwhile to avoid argument with (other) enthusiasts for artificial intelligence by conceding dominance in the distant future of cerebration to machines alone.
  • There will nevertheless be a fairly long interim during which the main intellectual advances will be made by men and computers working together in intimate association. A multidisciplinary study group, examining future research and development problems of the Air Force, estimated that it would be 1980 before developments in artificial intelligence make it possible for machines alone to do much thinking or problem solving of military significance. That would leave, say, five years to develop man-computer symbiosis and 15 years to use it. The 15 may be 10 or 500, but those years should be intellectually the most creative and exciting in the history of mankind.
  • It is often said that programming for a computing machine forces one to think clearly, that it disciplines the thought process. If the user can think his problem through in advance, symbiotic association with a computing machine is not necessary.
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • They would be easier to solve, and they could be solved faster, through an intuitively guided trial-and-error procedure in which the computer cooperated, turning up flaws in the reasoning or revealing unexpected turns in the solution.
  • Poincare anticipated the frustration of an important group of would-be computer users when he said, "The question is not, 'What is the answer?' The question is, 'What is the question?'" One of the main aims of man-computer symbiosis is to bring the computing machine effectively into the formulative parts of technical problems.
  • It is to bring computing machines effectively into processes of thinking that must go on in "real time," time that moves too fast to permit using computers in conventional ways.
  • To think in interaction with a computer in the same way that you think with a colleague whose competence supplements your own will require much tighter coupling between man and machine than is suggested by the example and than is possible today.
  • Throughout the period I examined, in short, my "thinking" time was devoted mainly to activities that were essentially clerical or mechanical: searching, calculating, plotting, transforming, determining the logical or dynamic consequences of a set of assumptions or hypotheses, preparing the way for a decision or an insight. Moreover, my choices of what to attempt and what not to attempt were determined to an embarrassingly great extent by considerations of clerical feasibility, not intellectual capability.
  • the operations that fill most of the time allegedly devoted to technical thinking are operations that can be performed more effectively by machines than by men.
  • If those problems can be solved in such a way as to create a symbiotic relation between a man and a fast information-retrieval and data-processing machine, however, it seems evident that the cooperative interaction would greatly improve the thinking process.
  • Computing machines can do readily, well, and rapidly many things that are difficult or impossible for man, and men can do readily and well, though not rapidly, many things that are difficult or impossible for computers. That suggests that a symbiotic cooperation, if successful in integrating the positive characteristics of men and computers, would be of great value. The differences in speed and in language, of course, pose difficulties that must be overcome.
  • Men will fill in the gaps, either in the problem solution or in the computer program, when the computer has no mode or routine that is applicable in a particular circumstance.
  • Clearly, for the sake of efficiency and economy, the computer must divide its time among many users. Timesharing systems are currently under active development. There are even arrangements to keep users from "clobbering" anything but their own personal programs.
  • It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a "thinking center" that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and the symbiotic functions suggested earlier in this paper. The picture readily enlarges itself into a network of such centers, connected to one another by wide-band communication lines and to individual users by leased-wire services. In such a system, the speed of the computers would be balanced, and the cost of the gigantic memories and the sophisticated programs would be divided by the number of users.
  • The first thing to face is that we shall not store all the technical and scientific papers in computer memory. We may store the parts that can be summarized most succinctly-the quantitative parts and the reference citations-but not the whole. Books are among the most beautifully engineered, and human-engineered, components in existence, and they will continue to be functionally important within the context of man-computer symbiosis. (Hopefully, the computer will expedite the finding, delivering, and returning of books.)
  • The second point is that a very important section of memory will be permanent: part indelible memory and part published memory. The computer will be able to write once into indelible memory, and then read back indefinitely, but the computer will not be able to erase indelible memory. (It may also over-write, turning all the 0's into l's, as though marking over what was written earlier.) Published memory will be "read-only" memory. It will be introduced into the computer already structured. The computer will be able to refer to it repeatedly, but not to change it.
  • The basic dissimilarity between human languages and computer languages may be the most serious obstacle to true symbiosis.
  • In short: instructions directed to computers specify courses; instructions-directed to human beings specify goals.
  • We may in due course see a serious effort to develop computer programs that can be connected together like the words and phrases of speech to do whatever computation or control is required at the moment. The consideration that holds back such an effort, apparently, is that the effort would produce nothing that would be of great value in the context of existing computers. It would be unrewarding to develop the language before there are any computing machines capable of responding meaningfully to it.
  • By and large, in generally available computers, however, there is almost no provision for any more effective, immediate man-machine communication than can be achieved with an electric typewriter.
  • Displays seem to be in a somewhat better state than controls. Many computers plot graphs on oscilloscope screens, and a few take advantage of the remarkable capabilities, graphical and symbolic, of the charactron display tube. Nowhere, to my knowledge, however, is there anything approaching the flexibility and convenience of the pencil and doodle pad or the chalk and blackboard used by men in technical discussion.
  • 2) Computer-Posted Wall Display: In some technological systems, several men share responsibility for controlling vehicles whose behaviors interact. Some information must be presented simultaneously to all the men, preferably on a common grid, to coordinate their actions. Other information is of relevance only to one or two operators. There would be only a confusion of uninterpretable clutter if all the information were presented on one display to all of them. The information must be posted by a computer, since manual plotting is too slow to keep it up to date.
  • Laboratory experiments have indicated repeatedly that informal, parallel arrangements of operators, coordinating their activities through reference to a large situation display, have important advantages over the arrangement, more widely used, that locates the operators at individual consoles and attempts to correlate their actions through the agency of a computer. This is one of several operator-team problems in need of careful study.
  • 3) Automatic Speech Production and Recognition: How desirable and how feasible is speech communication between human operators and computing machines?
  • Yet there is continuing interest in the idea of talking with computing machines.
  • In large part, the interest stems from realization that one can hardly take a military commander or a corporation president away from his work to teach him to type. If computing machines are ever to be used directly by top-level decision makers, it may be worthwhile to provide communication via the most natural means, even at considerable cost.
  • It seems reasonable, therefore, for computer specialists to be the ones who interact directly with computers in business offices.
  • Certainly, if the equipment were already developed, reliable, and available, it would be used.
  • Trapper Callender on 11 Feb 10
     
    Man-computer symbiosis is an expected development in cooperative interaction between men and electronic computers. It will involve very close coupling between the human and the electronic members of the partnership. The main aims are 1) to let computers facilitate formulative thinking as they now facilitate the solution of formulated problems, and 2) to enable men and computers to cooperate in making decisions and controlling complex situations without inflexible dependence on predetermined programs. In the anticipated symbiotic partnership, men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations. Computing machines will do the routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking. Preliminary analyses indicate that the symbiotic partnership will perform intellectual operations much more effectively than man alone can perform them. Prerequisites for the achievement of the effective, cooperative association include developments in computer time sharing, in memory components, in memory organization, in programming languages, and in input and output equipment.
Shawna Allen

Education killing creativity - 0 views

www.ted.com/...s_schools_kill_creativity.html

shared by Shawna Allen on 28 Jan 11 - Cached
  • Nate Bozarth on 28 Jan 11
     
    Sir Ken Robinson speaks about how our education system strips students of their creativity. It teaches us to not risk ever being wrong. "If you're not prepared to be wrong, you will not come up with anything original." The hierarchy of educational importance begins with math and science and ends with the arts. The system was born of the Industrial Revolution pragmatically. We're in post-Industrial Revolution times. Academic inflation is necessitating that one gets a MA for a good job.
  • Shawna Allen on 01 Feb 11
     
    This makes me think back to the other day in class when Dr. Wesch brought up excellent questions. Who decided in 16 weeks is enough time to be educated in a certain subject? We cram so much information into such a short amount of time. Even the way we are taught to learn is sometimes misguiding. Ken Robinson makes a great point when he states the following: "All children are born artists...either we grow into it or we grow out of it or rather we get educated out of it."
xchen123

How Does the Media Affect our Culture - 0 views

www.buzzle.com/...-media-affect-our-culture.html

mediated cultures ANTH522

shared by xchen123 on 31 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • xchen123 on 31 Jan 11
     
    The post talked about some media messages in society and how they affect our culture. (Kind of relate to our big topic)
Nate Bozarth

Generation Why? - 2 views

www.nybooks.com/...generation-why

anonymity facebook social media identity

shared by Nate Bozarth on 31 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • Nate Bozarth on 31 Jan 11
     
    Skip over the synopsis of "The Social Network." Great discussion article about how Facebook oversimplifies humanity and can have dangerous effects on how we relate. I highlighted a lot of stuff. I highly encourage you to check it out. Talks in terms of how web2.0 has spawned people2.0. A kind of crazy reality.
Chelsy Lueth

Arab Citizen Journalism in Action: Challenging Mainstream Media, Authorities and Media ... - 1 views

74.125.155.132/scholar

shared by Chelsy Lueth on 07 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Chelsy Lueth on 07 Mar 11
     
    This article talks about Egypt's laws and regulations concerning the growth of global citizen journalists- specfically within the blogosphere.
Lyndi Stucky

South Africa's Newspapers written in English? How this effects law makers decitions. - 0 views

muse.jhu.edu/...48.3danso.html

shared by Lyndi Stucky on 20 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Lyndi Stucky on 20 Feb 11
     
    It talks about how English-language newspapers dominate South Africa's print media. This is very interesting to me because you would think that more people would want to read something in their native language, yet millions of Africans are preferring to read their newspaper in English. It also stated that "the English-language press is also read by the most important decision makers and policy advisers in the country on a regular basis and no doubt influences coverage in non-English newspapers as well as television and radio". What in the world is going on here? This is corrupting their culture!
Lyndi Stucky

Culture, Globalization, Mediation - 2 views

www.jstor.org.er.lib.k-state.edu/...25064857

shared by Lyndi Stucky on 07 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Lyndi Stucky on 07 Mar 11
     
    This article helped guide my ideas for my video about how widespread technology can go across the globe. It talks about critical ethnography of the cultural politics of globalization and a broader concept of a medium. I like that it emphasizes on how we are a "public culture". That term is something I want to use in my video because everything we do now is public and the majority of people are okay with that.
Hunter Gilson

Meet Alex Jones - 3 views

www.rollingstone.com/...ranoid-man-in-america-20110302

shared by Hunter Gilson on 08 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • Hunter Gilson on 08 Mar 11
     
    Interesting look at the a media phenomena
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