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marketmercado123

Influenza: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology - 0 views

emedicine.medscape.com/...219557-overview

Influenza Challenge1 hsa flu diseases prevention

shared by marketmercado123 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • (CDC) estimates that seasonal influenza is responsible for an average of more than 20,000 deaths annually.[1]
  • Mortality is highest in infants and the elderly
  • High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • signs and symptoms:
  • elderly or high-risk patients with pulmonary symptoms, chest radiography should be performed to exclude pneumonia.
  • Influenza has traditionally been diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria
  • The criterion standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples
  • FeverSore throatMyalgiasFrontal or retro-orbital headacheNasal dischargeWeakness and severe fatigueCough and other respiratory symptomsTachycardiaRed, watery eyes
  • Prevention of influenza is the most effective management strategy
  • CDC analyzes the vaccine subtypes each year and makes any necessary changes on the basis of worldwide trends.
  • other public health measures are also effective in limiting influenza transmission in closed environments.
  • Traditionally, the vaccine is trivalent (ie, designed to provide protection against 3 viral subtypes
  • influenza is responsible for an average of more than 20,000 deaths annually.[1]
  • High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors (≥65 y) compared with
  • tandar
  • -dose vaccine, according to results from a phase IIIb-IV double-blind, active-controlled trial.[
  • A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine.
  • The percentage of seniors with postvaccination hemagglutination-inhibition titers of 1:40
  • Influenza has traditionally been diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria, but rapid diagnostic tests, which have a high degree of specificity but only moderate sensitivity, are becoming more widely used. The criterion standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples. In elderly or high-risk patients with pulmonary symptoms, chest radiography should be performed to exclude pneumonia.
  • Although reports of at least one serious adverse event were greater in the IIV3-HD group (8.3%) than in the IIV3-SD group (9.0%) (relative risk, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.99), all resolved by the end of the study and none required discontinuation from the study
  • The incubation period of influenza is 2 days long on average but may range from 1 to 4 days in length.
  • may be possible for transmission to occur via asymptomatic persons or persons with subclinical disease, who may be unaware that they have been exposed to the disease
  • FeverSore throatMyalgiasFrontal or retro-orbital headacheNasal dischargeWeakness and severe fatigueCough and other respiratory symptomsTachycardiaRed, watery eyes
  • The presentation of influenza virus infection varies, but it usually includes many of the following signs and symptoms:
  • Fever Sore throat Myalgias Frontal or retro-orbital headache Nasal discharge Weakness and severe fatigue Cough and other respiratory symptoms Tachycardia Red, watery eyes
  • Avian influenza (H5N1) is rare in humans in developed countries
  • szapata805 on 10 Sep 14
     
    "High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors (≥65 y) compared with the standard-dose vaccine, according to results from a phase IIIb-IV double-blind, active-controlled trial.[3, 4] A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine. The multicenter trial was performed during the influenza seasons of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 in Canada and the United States.[3, 4]"
alexxabrown

Key Facts about Influenza (Flu) & Flu Vaccine | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC - 2 views

www.cdc.gov/keyfacts.htm

]seasonal flu gov influenza Challenge1 definition

shared by alexxabrown on 05 Sep 14 - Cached
  • What is influenza (also called flu)?
  • The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year.
  • Signs and symptoms of flu
  • ...58 more annotations...
  • People who have the flu often feel some or all of these signs and symptoms:
  • Fever*
  • though this is more common in children than adults.
  • It’s important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever.
  • How flu spreads
  • Most experts believe that flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk.
  • Period of contagiousness
  • You may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick. Most healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick.
  • How serious is the flu?
  • Flu is unpredictable and how severe it is can vary widely from one season to the next depending on many things, including:
  • Certain people are at greater risk for serious complications if they get the flu. This includes older people, young children, pregnant women and people with certain health conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease).Flu seasons are unpredictable and can be severe. Over a period of 30 years, between 1976 and 2006, estimates of flu-associated deaths in the United States range from a low of about 3,000 to a high of about 49,000 people.
  • Complications of flu can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Not to Self: I have asthma relate that during essay.
  • Prevent seasonal flu: Get vaccinated
  • The single best way to prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine each season. There are several flu vaccine options for the 2014-2015 flu season.Traditional flu vaccines made to protect against three different flu viruses (called “trivalent” vaccines) are available. In addition, flu vaccines made to protect against four different flu viruses (called “quadrivalent” vaccines) also are available.
  • Trivalent flu vaccine protects against two influenza A viruses (an H1N1 and an H3N2) and an influenza B virus.
  • While seasonal influenza outbreaks can happen as early as October, most of the time influenza activity peaks in January or later. Since it takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body that protect against influenza virus infection, it is best that people get vaccinated so they are protected before influenza begins spreading in their community.
  • When to get vaccinated against seasonal flu
  • Yearly flu vaccination should begin soon after flu vaccine is available, and ideally by October. However, getting vaccinated even later can be protective, as long as flu viruses are circulating.
  • The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.
  • Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, eyes or possibly their nose.
  • The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs.
  • Most healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick.
  • ay be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick.
    • denaehooks391
      denaehooks391 on 02 Sep 15
       
      You  can have  the flu even  before you  realize  it. This  is  an important factor on why you should get  a vaccine.
    • denaehooks391
      denaehooks391 on 02 Sep 15
       
      You  can have  the flu even  before you  realize  it. This  is  an important factor on why you should get  a vaccine.
  • flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk
    • denaehooks391
      denaehooks391 on 02 Sep 15
       
      It is important to WASH your hands after  you have direct  contact with anything.
    • denaehooks391
      denaehooks391 on 02 Sep 15
       
      It is important to WASH your hands after  you have direct  contact with anything.
  • viruses that infect the nose, throat, and
  • he flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza
  • lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.
  • Fever* or feeling feverish/chills Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Muscle or body aches Headaches Fatigue (very tired) Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.
  • droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby
  • might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus
  • hen touching their own mouth, eyes or possibly their nose.
  • may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick.
  • specially young children and people with weakened immune systems, might be able to infect others for an even longer time
  • what flu viruses are spreading, how much flu vaccine is available when vaccine is available how many people get vaccinated, and how well the flu vaccine is matched to flu viruses that are causing illness.
  • prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine each season
  • congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes.
  • Complications of flu can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions
  • virus. The following trivalent flu vaccines are available:
  • flu vaccines made to protect against three different flu viruses (called “trivalent” vaccines)
  • several flu vaccine options for the 2015-2016 flu season.
  • Trivalent flu vaccine protects against two influenza A viruses (an H1N1 and an H3N2) and an influenza B
  • are manufactured using virus grown in eggs
  • approved for people of different ages.
  • flu shots are given with a needle
  • re approved for use in people as young as 6 months of age
  • standard dose tr
  • ivalent shot also can be given with a jet injector(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/jet-injector.htm), for persons aged 18 through 64 years. A high-dose trivalent shot(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_fluzone.htm), a
  • pproved for people 65 and older.
  • A trivalent shot containing virus grown in cell culture(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/cell-based.htm), which is approved for people 18 and older.
  • A recombinant trivalent shot that is egg-free(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_flublok-vaccine.htm), approved for people 18 years and older.
  • he quadrivalent flu vaccine protects against two influenza A viruses and two influenza B viruses.
  • Yearly flu vaccination should begin soon after flu vaccine is available, and ideally by October
  • etting vaccinated even later can be protective, as long as flu viruses are circulating
  • Since it takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body that protect against influenza virus infection, it is best that people get vaccinated so they are protected before influenza begins spreading in their community.
  • Everyone 6 months of age and older should get a flu vaccine every season.
  • Vaccination to prevent influenza is particularly important for people who are at high risk of serious complications from influenza
  • contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs.
    • alexxabrown
      alexxabrown on 19 Sep 15
       
      Clear definition of Influenza, followed by brief description of effects as well "the best" preventative method
  • contagious respiratory illness
shaneep110

Estimating Seasonal Influenza-Associated Deaths in the United States: CDC Study Confirm... - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...us_flu-related_deaths.htm

cdc EnglishII Influenza Challenge1

shared by shaneep110 on 17 Sep 14 - Cached
  • CDC estimates that from the 1976-1977 season to the 2006-2007 flu season, flu-associated deaths ranged from a low of about 3,000 to a high of about 49,000 people. Death certificate data and weekly influenza virus surveillance information was used to estimate how many flu-related deaths occurred among people whose underlying cause of death was listed as respiratory or circulatory disease on their death certificate.
  • deaths varies from year to year because flu seasons are unpredictable and often fluctuate in length and severity.
  • the study confirmed previous findings that about 90% of influenza associated deaths occur among adults 65 years and older.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • MMWR study also found that during seasons when influenza A (H3N2) viruses were prominent death rates were more than double what they were during seasons when influenza A (H1N1) or influenza B viruses predominated.
  • An August 27, 2010 MMWR report entitled
  • CDC does not know exactly how many people die from seasonal flu each year. There are several reasons for this. First, states are not required to report individual seasonal flu cases or deaths of people older than 18 years of age to CDC.
  • Second, seasonal influenza is infrequently listed on death certificates of people who die from flu-related complications
  • Third, many seasonal flu-related deaths occur one or two weeks after a person’s initial infection, either because the person may develop a secondary bacterial co-infection (such as bacterial pneumonia) or because seasonal influenza can aggravate an existing chronic illness (such as congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
  • Also, most people who die from seasonal flu-related complications are not tested for flu, or they seek medical care later in their illness when seasonal influenza can no longer be detected from respiratory samples. Sensitive influenza tests are only likely to detect influenza if performed within a week after onset of illness.
  • In addition, some commonly used tests to diagnose influenza in clinical settings are not highly sensitive and can provide false negative results (i.e. they misdiagnose flu illness as not being flu.) For these reasons, many flu-related deaths may not be recorded on death certificates.
yarelisfl

Influenza (flu) Symptoms - Mayo Clinic - 2 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20035101

Influenza

shared by yarelisfl on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • flu may seem like a common cold
  • Common signs and symptoms of the flu include: Fever over 100 F (38 C) Aching muscles, especially in your back, arms and legs Chills and sweats Headache Dry cough Fatigue and weakness Nasal congestion
  • If you have flu symptoms and are at risk of complications, see your doctor right away. Taking antiviral drugs within the first 48 hours after you first notice symptoms may reduce the length of your illness and help prevent more-serious problems.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • But colds usually develop slowly, whereas the flu tends to come on suddenly.
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 08 Sep 14
       
      The flu may have common cold symptoms, however, the flu develops faster.
  • ommon cold with a runny nose, sneezing and sore throat.
  • Fever over 100 F (38 C) Aching muscles, especially in your back, arms and legs Chills and sweats Headache Dry cough Fatigue and weakness Nasal congestion
  • Initially, the flu may seem like a common cold with a runny nose, sneezing and sore throat. But colds usually develop slowly, whereas the flu tends to come on suddenly. And although a cold can be a nuisance, you usually feel much worse with the flu. Common signs and symptoms of the flu include: Fever over 100 F (38 C) Aching muscles, especially in your back, arms and legs Chills and sweats Headache Dry, persistent cough Fatigue and weakness Nasal congestion Sore throat
  • junpark126 on 12 Sep 14
     
    S/S
  • yarelisfl on 03 Sep 15
     
    Who it's most common on and symptoms
jadaweber

CDC Flu Infographic - 0 views

www.cdcfoundation.org/...flu-prevention-infographic

influenza prevention cdc stats

shared by jadaweber on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • But statistics underscore the seriousness of the disease
    • jadaweber
      jadaweber on 03 Sep 15
       
      Stats for Influenza in the US.
  • Each year, on average, 5 percent to 20 percent of the U.S. population gets the flu,
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Each year, on average, 5 percent to 20 percent of the U.S. population gets the flu, tens of thousands are hospitalized and thousands die from flu-related illness.
  • tens of thousands are hospitalized and thousands die from flu-related illness.
  • accination is the single best way to
  • helping to prevent an estimated 6.6 million flu-related illnesses, 3.2 million flu-related medical visits and 79,000 hospitalizations.
  • could have been protected if they had gotten vaccinated
  • experts on influenza
  • CDC to provide the best guidance possible on how to prevent and control the spread of influenza.
  • CDC plays a major role in deciding which flu viruses the annual flu vaccine will protect against
  • jadaweber on 03 Sep 15
     
    Stats for influenza.
bwilliams181

Flu (Influenza) - Prevention.com - 1 views

www.prevention.com/...flu-influenza

Influenza flu HSA Challenge1 prevention EnglishII deflitch symptoms

shared by bwilliams181 on 24 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Influenza (the flu) is a respiratory infection.
  • It is caused by the influenza virus.
  • Influenza typically is spread by air or by direct contact from one person to another.
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • Influenza virus is very contagious.
  • Epidemics peak during the winter months
  • Most influenza cases occur during epidemics.
  • With influenza, the virus usually has mutated (changed) somewhat since the first infection.
  • The most common types of influenza virus are A and B. Influenza A is the one usually responsible for the annual epidemics.
  • Most people get multiple flu infections during their lives.
  • With many other types of infections, having the disease once protects against a second infection.
  • That is because the body's immune system remembers the returning virus. It attacks it immediately, and rapidly eliminates it.
  • A particularly widespread and severe epidemic is called a pandemic.
  • Flu can cause a variety of symptoms. They can be mild or severe. Symptoms and severity depend on the type of virus, your age and overall health.
  • Chills Moderate to high fever (101 to 103 degrees Fahrenheit) Sore throat Runny nose Muscle aches Headaches Fatigue Cough Diarrhea Dizziness
  • Vaccination — Vaccination can reduce your chances of getting the flu and transmitting it to others. Vaccination each year is recommended for everyone aged 6 months and older.
  • Good hygiene — The virus usually is passed through the air, by coughing. It also is passed by direct contact, such as shaking hands or kissing.
  • Antiviral drugs — Zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu) can substantially reduce your chance of getting the flu if they are taken just before an expected outbreak.
kayanking

Influenza is a contagious disease caused by an RNA virus of the orthomyxoviridae family - 0 views

www.news-medical.net/...5348.aspx

shared by kayanking on 06 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • nfluenza A viruses that infect mammals (humans, pigs, ferrets, horses) and birds Influenza B viruses that infect only humans Influenza C viruses that infect only humans
  • The flu can make chronic health problems worse.
  • The virus attacks the respiratory tract, is transmitted from person to person by droplets, and causes the following symptoms: fever (usually high), headache, extreme tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and muscle aches. Gastro-intestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are much more common among children than adults.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Some of the complications caused by flu include bacterial pneumonia, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes. Children may get sinus problems and ear infections.
  • more severe and last longer than those of the cold.
  • Recovery takes about one to two weeks. Influenza can be deadly, especially for the weak, old or chronically ill.
  • Most people who get influenza will recover in one to two weeks, but others will develop life-threatening complications (such as pneumonia). Millions of people in the United States (about 10% to 20% of U.S. residents) are infected with influenza each year.
  • influenza A
  • Influenza is an extremely variable disease; similar viruses are found in pigs and domestic fowl.
  • It is possible to get vaccinated against influenza
  • People at high risk for complications from the flu; People 65 years and older; People who live in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities that house those with long-term illnesses; Adults and children 6 months and older with chronic heart or lung conditions, including asthma; Adults and children 6 months and older who needed regular medical care or were in a hospital during the previous year because of a metabolic disease (like diabetes), chronic kidney disease, or weakened immune system (including immune system problems caused by medicines or by infection with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV/AIDS]); Children 6 months to 18 years of age who are on long-term aspirin therapy. (Children given aspirin while they have influenza are at risk of Reye syndrome.); Women who will be pregnant during the influenza season; and All children 6 to 23 months of age.
  • There are some people who should not be vaccinated. This includes: People who have a severe allergy to chicken eggs. People who have had a severe reaction to an influenza vaccination in the past. People who developed Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) within 6 weeks of getting an influenza vaccine previously.
  • Children less
  • People who are sick with a fever. (These people can get vaccinated once their symptoms lessen.)
katerastokes865

Flu in Children: How It Spreads, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, Prevention - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...children-and-flu-influenza

shared by katerastokes865 on 11 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • But while children may have nausea, stomach pain and/or vomiting with flu, the key influenza symptoms in children include a high fever, chills and shakes, body aches, sore throat, headaches and a dry hacking cough.
  • he illness comes on fast and is more intense than a cold
  • eel worse during the first 2 or 3 days they're sick.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Symptoms include:Child Discipline TacticsDiscipline is the process of teaching your child what type of behavior is acceptable and what type is not acceptable. In other words, discipline teaches a child to follow rules. Discipline may involve both punishment, such as a time out, and, more importantly, rewards. It sounds so straightforward, yet every parent becomes frustrated at one time or another with issues surrounding children and discipline.To read more, click hereRelated to parenting school-age children ADHD, puberty in girls, puberty in boys, learning disabilities, children's health, autism and vaccines, school lunches, getting ready for school, giving the sex talk, children's vitamins, chores for children, overactive bladder in children© 2008 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.A high-grade fever up to 104 degrees FChills and shakes with the feverExtreme tirednessHeadache and body achesDry, hacking coughSore throatVomiting and belly pain
  • Some parents mistake the flu for a stomach bug. That’s because unlike adults, children with the flu can have nausea, stomach pain, and vomiting.
  • Three main types of influenza viruses can give you the flu. Types A and B cause the yearly outbreaks. Type C leads to mild, random cases.
  • flu is highly contagious, particularly when kids share close quarters like they do in school classrooms
  • spreads when they inhale droplets that are coughed up or sneezed by an infected person, or when they come in direct contact with mucus or spit from someone who has the flu.
  • spread the flu a day before their symptoms start, and 5-7 days after they get sick.
  • The best way is to get a yearly vaccination. The CDC says all people 6 months and older should get one.  
  • Pregnant women and caregivers of children younger than 6 months or of children with certain health conditions should get the shot.
chamonsta

Epidemiology of Avian Influenza - 0 views

www.fao.org/...clinical.html

shared by chamonsta on 07 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Avian influenza (AI) is caused by specified viruses that are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae and placed in the genus influenzavirus A
  • There are three influenza genera - A, B and C;
  • Domestic fowl, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowl, quail and pheasants are susceptible.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Disease outbreaks occur most frequently in domestic fowl and turkeys. A particular isolate may produce severe disease in turkeys but not in chickens or any other avian species. Therefore, it would be impossible to generalize on the host range for avian influenza, for it will likely vary with the isolate. This assumption is supported by reports of farm outbreaks where only a single avian species of several species present on the farm became infected. Many species of wild birds particularly water birds and seabirds - are also susceptible, but infections in these birds are generally sub-clinical.
  • athogenic strains could emerge and cause disease in domestic poultry in any country at any time without warning. In fact, outbreaks have occurred at irregular intervals on all continents.
  • he most serious outbreaks in recent times have been reported in Hong Kong 1997-1998 and 2003, Chile 2002, The Netherlands 2003 and South East Asia 2004-2006.
  • he incubation period is 3 to 5 days in general but may be longer. Maximal incubation period is 21 days as defined by the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
  • Inactivated quality assured oil-emulsion vaccines have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing mortality, preventing disease, or both, in chickens and turkeys. These vaccines, however, may not prevent infection in some individual birds, and if infected could shed virulent virus. Nevertheless, the amount virus shed is considerable less than that of non-vaccinated and infected birds. It is imperative that the circulating antigenic avian influenza virus is known and the vaccine represent this antigenic strain, since there is no cross-protection among the 15 known HA subtypes.
  • Birds that die of peracute disease may show minimal gross lesions, consisting of dehydration and congestion of viscera and muscles.
  • The following diseases must be considered in the differential diagnosis of virulent AI: Other diseases causing sudden high mortality Newcastle disease infectious laryngotracheitis duck plague acute poisonings
Riane Robinson

West Nile virus Prevention - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20023076

shared by Riane Robinson on 18 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Eliminate standing water in your yard. Mosquitoes breed in pools of standing water. Unclog roof gutters. Empty unused swimming pools. Change water in birdbaths at least weekly. Remove old tires or any unused containers that might hold water and serve as a breeding place for mosquitoes. To reduce your own exposure to mosquitoes: Avoid unnecessary outdoor activity when mosquitoes are most prevalent, such as at dawn, dusk and early evening. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when you go into mosquito-infested areas. Apply mosquito repellent containing an Environmental Protection Agency-registered insect repellent to your skin and clothing. Choose the concentration based on the hours of protection you need — the higher the percentage (concentration) of the active ingredient, the longer the repellent will work. Follow the directions on the package, paying special attention to recommendations for use on children. When outside, cover your infant's stroller or playpen with mosquito netting.
apettistate345

How Doctors Avoid Cold and Flu Germs - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...-how-doctors-keep-germs-at-bay

prevention flu cold

shared by apettistate345 on 12 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • one study found that postmenopausal women who exercised for a year had one-third the colds of women who didn’t work out. 
  • general rule is if your symptoms are above the neck
  • you have a fever higher than 100 degrees, a cough, or chills, hold off on the workout front for a few days until you feel better
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • studies haven’t found much evidence that echinacea prevents upper respiratory infections
  • some of its extracts
david_good14

Infectious diseases - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20033534

How it is passed on to and description

shared by david_good14 on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.
  • Some infectious diseases can be passed from person to person. Some are transmitted by bites from insects or animals.
  • Signs and symptoms vary depending on the organism causing the infection, but often include fever and fatigue.
tjohnson472

WHO | Influenza - 0 views

www.who.int/en

influenza flu symptoms

shared by tjohnson472 on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • is a viral infection that affects mainly the nose, throat, bronchi and, occasionally, lungs. Infection usually lasts for about a week, and is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, aching muscles, headache and severe malaise, non-productive cough, sore throat and rhinitis. The virus is transmitted easily from person to person via droplets and small particles produced when infected people cough or sneeze. Influenza tends to spread rapidly in seasonal epidemics. Most infected people recover within one to two weeks without requiring medical treatment. However, in the very young, the elderly, and those with other serious medical conditions, infection can lead to severe complications of the underlying condition, pneumonia and death.
  •   Influenz
  • rachelmaynard498 on 03 Sep 15
     
    Tell's the basics about the flu
rivera627

How Flu Spreads | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...spread.htm

shared by rivera627 on 10 Sep 14 - Cached
  • People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet away.
  • Most experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose.
  • If soap and water are not available,
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • It also is important to wash hands often with soap and water.
  • Most healthy adults may be able to infect other people beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. Children may pass the virus for longer than 7 days. Symptoms start 1 to 4 days after the virus enters the body.
  • use an alcohol-based hand rub.
  • Linens, eating utensils, and dishes belonging to those who are sick should not be shared without washing thoroughly first. Eating utensils can be washed either in a dishwasher or by hand with water and soap and do not need to be cleaned separately. Further, frequently touched surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected at home, work and school, especially if someone is ill.
  • To avoid this, people should stay away from sick people and stay home if sick.
  • Most healthy adults may be able to infect other people beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. Children may pass the virus for longer than 7 days. Symptoms start 1 to 4 days after the virus enters the body. That means that you may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick. Some people can be infected with the flu virus but have no symptoms. During this time, those persons may still spread the virus to others.
    • blake_hood5572
      blake_hood5572 on 03 Sep 15
       
      how contagious it is.
  • People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet away.
  • The Flu Is Contagious
Riane Robinson

West Nile Virus - TN.Gov - 0 views

tn.gov/...west-nile-virus

shared by Riane Robinson on 17 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • West Nile virus is one of several mosquito-borne viruses in the United States that can infect people. The virus exists in nature primarily through a transmission cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. Mosquitoes become infected with West Nile virus (WNV) when they feed on infected birds. Click here to go to the West Nile Virus Home Page.
kgroves873

Doctors routinely work when infected with influenza, infecting patients - NaturalNews.com - 0 views

www.naturalnews.com/tors_infections_influenza.html

English influenza doctors Challenge1 diseases prevention flu HSA

shared by kgroves873 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • he research, led by Dr. Anupam Jena, a senior resident at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, found that half of 150 Illinois resident physicians said they had gone to work sick over the previous year. One in six reported to work three or more times, the survey found.
  • "They're less productive and more likely to make errors," Jena said. "And they can transmit the disease to somebody else."
  • Only last year, for instance, a doctor who came to work sick was responsible for launching a small outbreak of norovirus at Massachusetts General,
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • "The main question is whether those policies are being enforced," Jena told Reuters Health.
  • Anyone who has ever been to med school or around a med school knows that physicians in training are more often than not treated like rented mules.
  • When residents fall sick, there are a large group of residents that can fill in," said Jena. "When you are in private practice and you become sick, you don't have a pool of physicians that you can draw on to cover for you."
  • n which 57 percent of residents said they had worked while sick," said the report.
bgibson167

Take precautions to avoid getting, spreading influenza | WMU News | Western Michigan Un... - 0 views

wmich.edu/4067

shared by bgibson167 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • How to prevent the flu and reduce its spread If you have not already done so, get vaccinated. Avoid close contact with others, especially those who are sick. Practice good health habits, such as drinking plenty of fluids, eating nutritious food, getting plenty of sleep, being physically active and managing stress. Wash your hands often with soap and water for about 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Clean and disinfect surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with germs. When you are sick, stay home and keep your distance from others. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with your sleeve, or use a tissue and dispose of it immediately.
  • bgibson167 on 10 Sep 14
     
    " WMU up 8 spots on 'best universities' list"
alishaa286

Influenza (Flu) - 0 views

kidshealth.org/...flu.html

shared by alishaa286 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Influenza, commonly known as "the flu," is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract
  • Although flu vaccine is recommended for everyone aged 6 months or older, in times when the vaccine is in short supply, certain people need it more than others. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) often will recommend that certain high-risk groups be given priority when flu shot supplies are limited. Call your doctor or local public health department about vaccine availability in your area.
  • Some kids with the flu need to be hospitalized.
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • flu season runs from October to May
  • The vaccine prevents against infection from the flu viruses that researchers predict will be most common in the upcoming year
  • most cases occurring between late December and early March
  • For a severely ill child or one with other special circumstances, a doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine that can decrease the duration of illness by 1-2 days and prevent potential complications of the flu
  • If an antiviral medication is prescribed, be sure to discuss any possible side effects with your doctor.
  • Given as an injection, the flu shot contains killed flu viruses that will not cause the flu, but will prepare the body to fight off infection from that particular type of live flu virus if someone comes into contact with it.
  • Symptoms, which usually begin about 2 days after exposure to the virus, can include: fever chills headache muscle aches dizziness loss of appetite tiredness cough sore throat runny nose nausea or vomiting weakness ear pain diarrhe
  • all kids 6 months through 4 years old anyone 65 years and older all women who are pregnant, are considering pregnancy, have recently given birth, or are breastfeeding during flu season anyone whose immune system is weakened from medications or illnesses (like HIV infection) residents of long-term care facilities, such as nursing homes any adult or child with chronic medical conditions, such as asthma kids or teens who take aspirin regularly and are at risk for developing Reye syndrome if they get the flu all health care personnel caregivers or household contacts of anyone in a high-risk group (like children younger than 5 years old, especially those younger than 6 months, and those with high-risk conditions) Native Americans and Alaskan natives
  • The nasal mist contains weakened live flu viruses that cannot cause the severe symptoms typically associated with the flu, but can cause some mild symptoms
  • drink lots of fluids to prevent dehydration get plenty of sleep and take it easy take acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve fever and aches (do not give aspirin to children or teens as it may cause a rare but serious illness called Reye syndrome) wear layers, since the flu often makes them cold one minute and hot the next (wearing layers — like a T-shirt, sweatshirt, and robe — makes it easy to add or subtract clothes as needed)
  • Kids who are sick should stay home from school and childcare until they are without fever for at least 24 hours without the use of a fever-reducing medicine.
  • So to have the best protection against the flu, it's important to get the vaccine every year.
  • It is given in places like hospitals, clinics, community centers, pharmacies, doctor's offices, and schools
  • infants under 6 months old anyone who's ever had a severe reaction to a flu vaccination anyone with Guillain-Barré syndrome (a rare condition that affects the immune system and nerves)
  • After 5 days, fever and other symptoms have usually disappeared, but a cough and weakness may continue
  • Call the doctor if your child:
  • has flu symptoms has a high fever, or fever with a rash has trouble breathing or rapid breathing has bluish skin color is not drinking enough fluids seems very sleepy or lethargic seems confused has flu symptoms that get better, but then get worse
  • All symptoms are usually gone within a week or two
  • The flu is contagious, spread by virus-infected droplets that are coughed or sneezed into the air
  • The flu usually occurs in small outbreaks, but epidemics — when the illness spreads rapidly and affects many people in an area at the same time — tend to occur every few years. Epidemics often peak within 2 or 3 weeks after the first cases occur.
  • Preventing the Flu From Spreading There's no guaranteed way — including being vaccinated — to prevent anyone from getting the flu
  • Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently with soap, especially after using the bathroom, after coughing or sneezing, and before eating. Never pick up used tissues. Never share cups and eating utensils. Stay home from work or school when you're sick with the flu. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, then put it in the trash. If a tissue isn't available, cough or sneeze into your upper arm, not into your hands.
hfaulk766

Treatment for the Flu | Flu.gov - 0 views

www.flu.gov/...treatment

influenza

shared by hfaulk766 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • treat flu symptoms without medication by:
  • Getting plenty of restDrinking clear fluids like water, broth, sports drinks, or electrolyte beverages to prevent becoming dehydratedPlacing a cool, damp washcloth on your forehead, arms, and legs to reduce discomfort associated with a feverPutting a humidifier in your room to make breathing easierGargling salt water (1:1 ratio warm water to salt) to soothe a sore throatCovering up with a warm blanket to calm chills
  • Decongestants can ease discomfort from stuffy noses, sinuses, ears, and chests
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • seltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), amantadine (Symmetrel), and rimantadine (Flumadine).
  • ntiviral medications are prescription pills, liquids, or inhalers used to prevent or treat flu viruses. They are approved for adults and children one year and older.
  • ntiviral medications work best when started within the first two days of getting sick.
  • ot effective against viral infections like the flu.
sixto353

Flu: MedlinePlus - 0 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...flu.html

shared by sixto353 on 12 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Between 5% and 20% of people in the U.S. get the flu each year. The flu can be serious or even deadly for elderly people, newborn babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses.
  • ymptoms of the flu come on suddenly and are worse than those of the common cold. They may include
  • Body or muscle aches Chills Cough Fever Headache Sore throat
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  • Colds rarely cause a fever or headaches. Flu almost never causes an upset stomach. And "stomach flu" isn't really flu at all,
  • Most people with the flu recover on their own without medical care. People with mild cases of the flu should stay home and avoid contact with others, except to get medical care.
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