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katherine-medina

Effects of experimental increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 on feather growth rate... - 0 views

journals.biologists.com/...ental-increase-in-insulin-like

birds biology HSR2023 insulin plumage feathers molt

shared by katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23 - No Cached
  • In mammals, IGF-1 also induces the proliferation of hair follicles and inhibits apoptosis, and therefore helps to keep them longer in the active (so-called anagen) phase and delay their transition to the regressive (catagen) phase
  • while a recently published study indicated a positive relationship between plumage quality, feather vane length and IGF-1 in a passerine species
  • Detailed quantification of the moulting stage was achieved by scoring the moult of the primary wing feathers and tail feathers on a scale of 0–5, using the standard protocol for recording the progress of feather growth as suggested by the British Trust for Ornithology and further described in
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      I had no idea one could predict when a bird will molt.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • As a result, 2 weeks after treatment, IGF-1-treated birds were in a more advanced stage of moult than controls
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      Interesting
  • In the longer term, IGF-1 treatment altered the intensity of moult: 2 weeks after treatment, control birds were moulting fewer feathers than at the start of the experiment, while IGF-1-treated birds showed the opposite pattern and increased the number of feathers being moulted simultaneously, albeit with substantial individual variation
  • We manipulated IGF-1 levels using an injection of poly-(lactic-co-glycolid acid) (PLGA) microspheres prepared by S.V.-K. and B.A.G. as described previousl
  • For example, stressors may cause a decrease in circulating IGF-1 levels (Tóth et al., 2018), and it may not be beneficial if that would affect the growth rate or the size of the developing flight feathers.
  • The fact that the growth of the tail feathers was also unaffected by the manipulation is more surprising as they are sexually selected ornaments in this species
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      Wow, I wonder why it had no effect on the growth of the tail feathers.
  • espite the robust lack of effect on feather growth speed, IGF-1 treatment maintained or even increased the number of feathers moulted simultaneously within 2 weeks, while the number of simultaneously growing feathers dropped in controls within the same period
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      Cool
  • In contrast to hair, the number of feather follicles that produce wing and tail feathers is small and shows no variation within species
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      I had no idea.
  • Some species, however, moult several wing and tail feathers simultaneously, which also applies to the bearded reedling
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      Why do some species of birds molt more feathers at the same time than others.
  • . Protein synthesis in tissues, for example, is partly promoted by and regulated through IGF-1 and this might also be of importance during the growth of feathers, in particular considering the increased demand for proteins during moulting
  • The interaction of corticosterone and IGF-1 has been suggested to predict fitness in growing songbirds (Lodjak et al., 2016). Corticosterone levels are known to have a seriously detrimental effect on growing feathers
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
       
      How does corticosterone and IGF-1 interact?
  • katherine-medina on 10 Jul 23
     
    A study about the effect of insulin on the growth of feathers.
katherine-medina

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Exchange with Artificial CSF Enriched with Mesenchymal Stem C... - 2 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6480705

CSF-experiments mice stem-cells potential research idea HSR-2023

shared by katherine-medina on 29 May 23 - No Cached
  • Moreover, toxicity of the CSF from patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases has been reported
  • Moreover, toxicity of the CSF from patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases has been reported
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      Good to note.
  • A beneficial effect was also demonstrated under Aβ neurotoxicity in PC12 cells
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • n humans, it was reported that filtration of the CSF was beneficial in Guillain-Barré syndrome [
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      interesting that filtering the liquid can help people.
  • . MSCs produce a variety of neurogenic, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory agents [15,16,17,18,19,20,21], and have been shown to induce beneficial effects when transplanted in EAE-mice [22,23,24,25], stroke [26,27], traumatic brain injury [28], Parkinson’s disease [29], schizophrenia, and autism [30,31] as well as increased neurogenesis in adult mice
  • Moreover, no studies using biologically enriched-aCSF for exchanging the CSF have been published.
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      That makes me want to search hard for studies that do involve the transfer, however I would have to figure out a way to create an experiment around this base idea of artificial CSF.
  • Artifical cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) enriched with secretions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increases cell viability of PC12 and SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines
  • While secretions of 2 days growing 10 or 100 K/mL MSCs in aCSF did not show an increase in PC12 cell viability
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      HMMM.... that is utterly fascinating the fact that after 2 days there seemed to be no change amongst the cell viability for both the 10 and 100 ml aCSF.
  • etions of 5 days growing MSCs in aCSF did show a significant increase in the PC12 cell viability relative to unenriched-aCSF treated cells
  • The principle of CSF exchange is similar to plasma exchange by plasmapheresis, which is in use for the treatment of autoimmune disorders
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      Did not know that it was similar to plasmapheresis.
  • a significant increase in cell viability was noticed in the enriched-aCSF (
  • A similar trend of increased cell viability by enriched-aCSF treatment was noticed in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2, but without reaching a statistical significance
  • while cell viability was reduced under Aβ, a significant increase in cell viability was noted in the enriched-aCSF treated cells
  • significantly suppressed in spleen lymphocytes treated with the enriched-aCSF compared to lymphocytes treated with (unenriched-) aCSF
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      This limiting of the lymphocytes is most likely a good thing under the guise of this paper because the suppression of lymphocytes likely helps with certain autoimmune disorders.
  • These results show that the “in/out” enriched-aCSF therapy was the most effective one, affecting both time of onset (EAE-control mice develop the disease at day 10 while the treated mice at day 14 post induction) and disease progression
  • Prolonged amelioration of EAE clinical symptoms during prolonged CSF exchange therapy: (in/out) enriched-aCSF protocol was more effective than (in) enriched-aCSF and (in/out) aCSF.
  • A trend of less demyelination in the LFB staining in the (in/out) enriched-aCSF treated- mice relative to the EAE-control mic
  • Our results show that elimination of endogenous CSF, and its replacement with MSC secretions enriched-aCSF ((in/out)-enriched-aCSF), delayed EAE onset and reduced the clinical score with indications of reduced axonal damage and demyelination.
  • in vitro and in vivo, has shown that MSCs can promote survival and axonal myelination in sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons and may be effective in non-inflammatory models of demyelination [
  • MSCs transplantation alone has been applied and tested with strong indications of beneficial effects in animal models of MS [22,23,24,25], stroke [26,27], traumatic brain injury [28], PD [29], schizophrenia, and autism
  • showing that local (intraventricular) transplantation of MSCs is more effective than intravenous administration
  • The feasibility of CSF exchange therapy reported here in the EAE model might possibly be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS.
  • our approach of CSF exchange therapy could be beneficial for fully developed neurological diseases through a repeated application of the proposed CSF exchange protocol
    • katherine-medina
      katherine-medina on 29 May 23
       
      A good thing to recognize and note for future reference.
  • 5. Conclusions
  • katherine-medina on 29 May 23
     
    This is a more recent study about the effects of artificial CSF infused with MSC in mice.
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