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Medieval education in Europe: Schools & Universities - 0 views

www.lostkingdom.net/medieval-education-in-europe quest4 education middleages
shared by Garth Holman on 10 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • It is estimated that by 1330, only 5% of the total population of Europe received any sort of education
  • Even then education, as we understand it, was not accessible or even desired by everyone. Schools were mostly only accessible to the sons of high lords of the land.
  • In most kingdoms in Europe, education was overseen by the church.
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • The very fact that the curriculum was structured by the church gave it the ability to mould the students to follow its doctrine
  • Unofficially, education started from a very young age. This sort of early education depended on the feudal class of the child’s parents
  • Even the children of serfs would be taught the skills needed to survive by their parents. The boys would be taken out into the fields to observe and to help their parents with easy tasks, while the girls would work with the animals at home, in the vegetable garden with their mothers, or watch them weave.
  • Children of craftsmen and merchants were educated from a very young age in the trade of their fathers. Trade secrets rarely left a family and they had to be taught and understood by all male (and unusually, female) heirs, in order to continue the family legacy.
  • Young boys of noble birth would learn how to hunt and swing a weapon, while the young ladies of nobility would learn how to cook
  • The main subject of study in those schools was Latin (reading and writing). In addition to this, students were also taught rhetoric – the art of public speaking and persuasion – which was a very useful tool for both men of the cloth and nobles alike.
  • Lessons frequently started at sunrise and finished at sunset
  • University education, across the whole of the continent, was a luxury to which only the wealthiest and brightest could ever aspire
  • Since the creation of the first university in 1088
  • Students attended the Medieval University at different ages, ranging from 14 (if they were attending Oxford or Paris to study the Arts) to their 30s (if they were studying Law in Bologna)
  • The dynamic between students and teachers in a medieval university was significantly different from today. In the University of Bologna students hired and fired teachers by consensus. The students also bargained as a collective regarding fees, and threatened teachers with strikes if their demands were not met
  • A Master of Arts degree in the medieval education system would have taken six years; a Bachelor of Arts degree would be awarded after completing the third or fourth year. By “Arts” the degree was referring to the seven liberal arts – arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, and rhetoric
  • The sons of the peasants could only be educated if the lord of the manor had given his permission
  • Any family caught having a son educated without permission was heavily fined
  • Historians today believe that this policy was another way in which authority figures attempted to control the peasants, since an educated peasant/villein might prove to question the way things were done and upset the balance of power which kept the nobles strong.
  • Students held the legal status of clerics which, according to the Canon Law, could not be held by women; women were therefore not admitted into universities.
  • Garth Holman on 10 Feb 16
     
    This explains the importance of education and how each group got an education.
14More

What Is an Advantage of a Direct Democracy? | The Classroom | Synonym - 2 views

classroom.synonym.com/age-direct-democracy-7831.html Greece Directdemocracy democracy AncientGreece advantage
shared by Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • In a pure democracy
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      Here they use that word PURE! 
  • all citizens have the opportunity to participate in making the policies and laws for the society
  • representative democracy,
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      This is what Rome comes up with later.  It is better for a larger population.  
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • citizen has a direct impact on every policy decision, since he has a vote on each issue
  • opportunity to speak and be heard, and there is an incentive for the community to be involved in town meetings, referenda and other elections.
  • power in the hands of the people,
  • opportunity to know about all of the important decisions, but they also have the responsibility to get the information necessary to understand the issues and make the best choices for laws and policies
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      With power comes great responsibility.  That is the key. People have to work to make a direct democracy work.  
  • transparency to government
  • accountable to the people.
  • opportunity to voice her concerns, it's more difficult to brush concerns aside or to hide uncomfortable issues.
  • apathy of some citizens who don't choose to attend town assemblies or vote can result in something more like a representative system than a pure democratic one. Direct democracy also involves many more elections, which can be both inconvenient and expensive. Finally, because direct democracy is usually effective only in small societies, the influence of the media and government officials may be stronger there than in a larger setting.
9More

Ancient Greece, Geography for Kids & Teachers - Ancient Greece for Kids - 12 views

greece.mrdonn.org/geography.html
shared by Garth Holman on 02 Oct 17 - Cached
  • Ancient Greece, Geography
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 02 Oct 17
       
      Why is it necessary for outposts when their population grew?
    • zsapell
      zsapell on 02 Oct 17
       
      So there were places for people to live. And there were places for people to stop when on long journeys.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 02 Oct 17
       
      How did the mountain ranges and being surrounded by water make on trading and visiting other city-states?
    • zsapell
      zsapell on 02 Oct 17
       
      It made it hard to travel from their peninsula to other places.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.
  • southern end of a very large peninsula. located in southern Europe
  • natural coastline and many natural harbors
  • seafood to eat.
19More

Ancient Greece - Ancient History - HISTORY.com - 2 views

www.history.com/...ancient-greece history greece ancient
shared by Zoe K on 29 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Greece refers to the time three centuries before the classical age, between 800 B.C. and 500 B.C.
  • Archaic Greece saw advances in art, poetry and technology, but most of all it was the age in which the polis, or city-state, was invented.
  • They developed governments and organized their citizens according to some sort of constitution or set of laws.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • These people monopolized political power.
  • They all had economies that were based on agriculture, not trade
  • (For example, they refused to let ordinary people serve on councils or assemblies.
  • The colonial migrations of the Archaic period had an important effect on its art and literature
  • They also monopolized the best farmland, and some even claimed to be descended from the gods. Because “the poor with their wives and children were enslaved to the rich and had no political rights,”
  • Land was the most important source of wealth in the city-states;
  • And every one of these city-states (known as poleis) was said to be protected by a particular god or goddess, to whom the citizens of the polis owed a great deal of reverence, respect and sacrifice.
  • These leaders were known as tyrants.
  • As time passed and their populations grew, many of these agricultural city-states began to produce consumer goods such as pottery, cloth, wine and metalwork.
  • a relatively sophisticated period in world history.
  • The polis became the defining feature of Greek political life for hundreds of years.
  • During the so-called “Greek Dark Ages” before the Archaic period, people lived scattered throughout Greece in small farming villages. As they grew larger, these villages began to evolve. Some built walls.
  • Each of these poleis was an independent city-state. In this way, the colonies of the Archaic period were different from other colonies we are familiar with: The people who lived there were not ruled by or bound to the city-states from which they came. The new poleis were self-governing and self-sufficient.
  • Between 750 B.C. and 600 B.C., Greek colonies sprang up from the Mediterranean to Asia Minor, from North Africa to the coast of the Black Sea. By the end of the seventh century B.C., there were more than 1,500 colonial poleis.
    • Yang Y
      Yang Y on 29 Sep 15
       
      The oligarchs' power was greater than anyone else's.
  • Zoe K on 30 Sep 15
     
    facts about ancient greece
6More

The Siege of Kaffa and the Black Death - History in an HourHistory in an Hour - 0 views

www.historyinanhour.com/...e-of-kaffa-and-the-black-death Kaffa Mongols Black Death Middle AGes
shared by Garth Holman on 05 Apr 18 - No Cached
  • Between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death raged through Medieval Europe. Historians and biologists have traced the origins of this deadly pandemic to the remote steppes of Central Asia. Plague had certainly erupted there by 1331 but how exactly did it spread from East to West? After ravaging Central Asia, the plague descended on China, India and Persia. In China alone, the plague killed around half of the human population. Despite such destruction, commercial activities continued unabated. This meant that the traders, their vessels and the rats aboard became the agents of infection. As they travelled along the established trade routes of the medieval world, they unwittingly carried the plague with them.
  • For several years, the Mongols had allowed a group of merchants from Genoa to control Kaffa, a bustling seaport on the Crimean Peninsula. This was highly advantageous for the Mongols as it provided a direct link to Italy’s largest commercial centre and encouraged trade across all corners of their vast empire. Tensions and disagreements, however, were a common feature of this commercial relationship, arising primarily from their religious differences; the Italians were devoutly Christian and the Mongols had been practising Muslims since the 1200s.
  • ‘This Pestilential Disease’
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • “Whereupon the Tartars (Mongols), worn out by this pestilential disease, and falling on all sides as if thunderstruck, and seeing that they were perishing hopelessly, ordered the corpses to be placed upon their engines and thrown into the city of Kaffa. Accordingly were the bodies of the dead hurled over the walls, so that the Christians were not able to hide or protect themselves from this danger, although they carried away as many as possible and threw them into the sea.”
  • summer of 1347, the Italian merchants headed to their ships and the fled the city of Kaffa. En route, however, the Italians stopped at Constantinople, inadvertently infecting the city. Thousands of people were killed, including Andronikos, the son of the Greek Emperor, John VI Cantacuzenos. Those who were able fled the city, many not realising that they were already infected. By the autumn, the western coast of Asia Minor was experiencing the full force of the Black Death and it would not be long before returned home to infect their native Italy.
  • Garth Holman on 05 Apr 18
     
    Mongols, Kaffa, trade and the Black Death .
18More

The Exploration and Conquest of the New World | Boundless US History - 0 views

courses.lumenlearning.com/...-and-conquest-of-the-new-world Explores Exploration Colombian exchange
shared by Garth Holman on 10 May 18 - No Cached
  • In 1492, Christopher Columbus, supported by the Spanish government, undertook a voyage to find a new route to Asia and inadvertently encountered “new” lands in the Americas full of long established communities and cultures.
  • Jacques Cartier undertook a voyage to present-day Canada for the French government, where they began the settlement of New France, developing the fur industry and fostering a more respectful relationship with many of the inhabitants.
  • Spanish conquistadors invaded areas of Central and South America looking for riches, ultimately destroying the powerful Aztec and Inca cultures.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 10 May 18
       
      A conquistador is a Spanish warrior explorer.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • deeply affected by the invaders’ interactions with indigenous groups—interactions that, through a combination of violence and disease, resulted in massive declines in indigenous populations.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 10 May 18
       
      What are the three effects on Natives
  • The Spanish Empire
  • Colonial expansion under the Spanish Empire was initiated by the Spanish conquistadors and developed by the Monarchy of Spain through its administrators and missionaries.
  • motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Christian faith through indigenous conversions.
  • The Exploration and Conquest of the New World
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 10 May 18
       
      What form of Christianity was being forced on Native?
  • Major French exploration of North America began under the rule of Francis I, King of France. In 1524,
  • A major French settlement lay on the island of Hispaniola, where France established the colony of Saint-Domingue on the western third of the island in 1664.
  • Shortly after Columbus’ first voyage to the New World, the British Empire funded an exploratory mission of its own led by John Cabot. Cabot explored the North American continent,
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 11 May 18
       
      What are three causes?
  • Upon the death of Christopher Columbus,
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 11 May 18
       
      What are three places the British took over?
54More

Greece Geography - 1 views

www.kidport.com/...greece.htm
shared by Achintya K on 16 Oct 12 - Cached
  • About 20% of Greece is made up of islands. Crete is a large island located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a popular tourist area for its beautiful mountains, coastline, and many ancient ruins.
    • JI-Yoon K
      JI-Yoon K on 16 Oct 12
       
      Greece is a beautiful place to visit!
  • Much of Greece is mountainous and rocky terrain, with the occasional plain.
  • ...49 more annotations...
  • Pindus Mountains start in northern Greece and stretch south to the Gulf of Patra. In the southern part of Greece are the Peloponnesus Mountains.
  • people of Greece were one of the earliest civilizations
  • Greece is one of the oldest civilizations, dating back over 5000 years.
  • 10 million people.
    • Achintya K
      Achintya K on 29 Sep 15
       
      What is the most interesting key fact about Greece?
  • Athens, Patra, Piraeus, Larisa and Salonica.
  • Athens.
  • Major cities
  • Most of the people in Greece live along the coast, or along rivers and harbors.
    • Achintya K
      Achintya K on 29 Sep 15
       
      Figure out what are some historical highlights.
  • still has many ancient ruins, some over 4000 years old.
  • has many medieval churchs.
  • makes Greece a very popular tourist area.
  • well known for its sculptures, paintings, pottery, poetry and playwriting.
  • The land within Greece is not very productive for farming.
  • Greeks have struggled to build a strong economy.
  • standard of living in Greece is lower than other European countries.
  • Manufacturing
  • becoming one of the key industries.
  • Tourism
  • 51,000 square miles.
  • very important, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast.
  • farming includes wheat, fruits, vegetables, olives and grapes.
  • Some areas support goat and sheep ranching.
  • Fishing also continues to be an important industry.
  • Top of Page Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of European civilization, dating back over 5000 years.
  • date back over 4000 years,
  • caves showing signs of life over 10,000 years ago.
  • ancient greek people may have come from northern Africa.
  • Ancient Greece produced many philosophers and scholars, such as Socrates and Plato.
  • contributed significantly to our current culture.
  • first democratic government
  • created
  • scientific principles
  • created
    • Achintya K
      Achintya K on 29 Sep 15
       
      What are a few things about greece?
  • discovered
  • contributed to the artistic community with Homer
  • wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey,
  • artisans creating sculptures, paintings, pottery, poetry and playwriting.
  • Competitive sports were a major part of Greek life. The first Olympic Games were held in Greece in 776 BC.
  • did not have a strong, unified military force.
  • ancient Greeks
  • an easy target for other invading people.
  • ancient times, Greece was conquered by the Romans. Others controlled Greece at various times. In the 15th century, the Turks invaded Greece and ruled for about 400 years. The Greeks finally got their independence in the early 1800s.
  • mathematics.
  • Two thirds of the population lives in urban areas such as Athens.
  • Greek culture is still heavily influenced by its ancient history.
  • Most of Greece has a mild climate. Summers are warm and dry, particularly in the southern coastal areas. Rain is heavy during the winter months, with some mountain areas getting snow.
  • anonymous on 16 Oct 12
     
    i had no idea that 20 percent of greece is islands and is rockey with terrains
  • JI-Yoon K on 16 Oct 12
     
    I really want to go to Greece
8More

Democracy Is Born [ushistory.org] - 2 views

www.ushistory.org/5b.asp democracy Greece AncientGreece
shared by Garth Holman on 29 Sep 15 - No Cached
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 29 Sep 15
       
      Who had citizenship rights? 
  • Only free, adult men enjoyed the rights and responsibility of citizenship.
  • modern democratic governments in which citizens can choose whether or not they wish to participate.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • In Athenian democracy, every citizen was required to participate or suffer punishment.
  • about 20 percent of the population of Athens were citizens.
  • Women were not citizens and therefore could not vote or have any say in the political process.
  • Slaves and foreigners were not citizens and also could not participate in the democracy.
  • Garth Holman on 29 Sep 15
     
    Describes the start of Athens Democracy
11More

Effects of the Black Death - How the Black Death Worked | HowStuffWorks - 12 views

history.howstuffworks.com/...black-death3.htm black death effects howstuffworks medieval plague
shared by Garth Holman on 31 Mar 16 - No Cached
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 31 Mar 16
       
      How would the peasants that survived the Black Death, react to the huge increase in wages in the cities? 
    • Nitzan Omer
      Nitzan Omer on 15 Mar 19
       
      The people that survived were very hurt because they had seen so many people die, but they were also so happy that they were alive.They had a dance Macabre as a dance to talk to people that have died, and they celebrate being alive
    • Arielle Epstein
      Arielle Epstein on 15 Mar 19
       
      The pesants who survived the black death, started to have better lives because of the increase in wages. Peasants started to eat nicer foods and made more money from working.
  • The Black Death reared its head sporadically in Europe over the next few centuries.
  • The workforce had been destroyed -- farms were abandoned and buildings crumbled. The price of labor skyrocketed in the face of worker shortage, and the cost of goods rose. The price of food, though, didn't go up, perhaps because the population had declined so much.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The Black Death did set the stage for more modern medicine and spurred changes in public health and hospital management. Frustrated with Black Death diagnoses that revolved around astrology and superstition, educators began placing greater emphasis on clinical medicine, based on physical science.
  • generally suffered a communal crisis of faith.
  • They had turned to the church for an answer to the plague, and the church had been able to offer no help.
  • celebrate being alive.
  • The danse macabre, or dance of death, is an allegorical concept that was expressed in drama, poetry, music and visual art.
  • The range of figures shown is meant to show that death will come for everyone, and the various activities depicted are a reminder that death could always be right around the corner.
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