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Title: Breastfeeding Author: Doug Cope Date Published: 1/19/2013 Why Relevant and Summary: Great one minute talk about the benefits of breastfeeding, and alternative options. In a study from the Center for Disease and Control, 1,500 women were surveyed their plans for exclusive breastfeeding after birth of their incoming child, 85% of the women stated they planned to exclusively breastfeed, while only 32% of those moms actually were able to after birth, "..and that just shows that we're not supporting mothers to be able to feed their babies in ways they'd like". American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization recommend that women breastfeed exclusively for the first six months of babies lives due to the health benefits. Infants that are breastfed have reduced risk of ear infections, gastrointestinal infections, diabetes and sudden infant death syndrome. Mothers who breastfeed have reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer. In order to improve the breastfeeding rate, it is important that in the first days of an infant's life s/he can stay with their mother for the first 24 hours of life in the hospital to receive exclusively breast milk. How This Influenced My Thinking: I learned about the benefits of breastfeeding, and the large impact it has on babies' development. Credibility of Source: Very credible.

Title: Sleepless Nights May Put The Aging Brain At Risk Of Dementia Author: Patti Neighmond Date Published: August 27, 2012 Why Relevant and Summary: As we age, our body's sleep cycle naturally changes. As teenagers our body's clock (influences by internal temperature) induces sleep from about midnight to late morning, while as adults our body's clock induces sleep from about 8pm to 4am; therefore our body's needs change as we age. Plus, 40% Of older adults suffer from sleep problems such as insomnia. The lack Of deep sleep, and specifically Of REM sleep, is connected to memory loss and can lead to dementia. This is relevant in our develop as humans in that awareness Of our sleep habits and patterns have more Of an effect on us that just a temporary sleepiness the next day, but in the long run it can effect our ability to have better memory as we age. Credibility Of Source: The article comes from NPR's Health Blog. There is also a sound recording Of the article with clips from the author on the webpage. The autor is Psychiatrist Kristine Yaffe Of the University Of California, San Francisco. Very credible.

Title: Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Author: Devan Udall Date Published: June 25, 2011 Why Relevant and Summary: The information provided in this video is a clear, factual presentation of Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development. In chapter eight of our Human Development textbook we will be discussing adolescence and will go over theories surrounding morality, Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development is one of them. This video gives a brief introduction to Kohlberg's research and professional career. It presents The Stages of Moral Development as well as recorded interviews illustrating the Heinz Dilemma experiment. How This Influenced My Thinking: I found this reference video supporting some of my theories surrounding moral development. However, as I was doing more research I realized how many variables were not being considered in Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. As I challenged Kohlberg's theory on its broader application I thought about what research methods could be used to provide supportive evidence. Credibility of Source: I have found additional reference material that supports the information provided in this video.

Title: Nature Vs. Nurture: Are we Really Born That Way? Author: Kimberly Powell Date published: N.D. Why Relevant and Summary: In this article she clearly explains the topic of nature vs. nurture and goes into how it is still undetermined if our genes play a role in our personality. How it influenced my thinking: It made me wonder if my personality trait that are similar to my parents came from them genetically or if it is similar because that is what i grew up around. Credibility of source: This article seems somewhat credible, though i didn't see any references.

Title: Nature vs. Nurture Are We Really Born That Way? Author: Kimberly Powell Date Published: February 2, 2013 Why Relevant and Summary: This article is relevant because it explains clearly what the difference between nature and nurture. This article talks about how scientist fight over how much of who we are is shaped by genes and how much by the environment. How This Influenced My Thinking: It influenced me thinking by explaining to me how nature and nurture do play a big role in human development Credibility of Source: This source seems credible

Title: Nature vs. Nurture: Are we really born that way? Author: Kimberly Powell Date Published: 2013 Why Relevant and Summary: This article gives a great overview of this debate and gives historical information as well. How This Influenced My Thinking: This influenced my thinking regarding certain controversial attributes that are involved in this debate such as morality and sexual orientation. Credibility of Source: medium. informational website but not a credible author.

Title:The Genetic Basis of Complex Human Behaviors Author:Robert Plomin, Michael J. Owne, Peter McGufin Date Published:June 17, 1994 Why Relevant and Summary: Because the article gives and in depth look the importance of genetic factors in many complex dimensions and disorders of human behavior. How This Influenced my thinking? : it has made me more aware of the importance of both the genetic and environmental influences on mental health.

Title:12 Ways to Give Birth Author:BabyZone Editors Date: nd Why relevant and summary: this website gives the reader 12 different ways of childbirth and briefly summarizes them. Although its helpful when deciding on what types of childbirths to use it does not go into too much detail about each of the methods.

Title: 12 ways to give birth Why relevant and summary: This website discusses 12 different way to give child birth and what is involved with each of these ways. It is relevant to "child birth and culture" because it goes over different methods of birth that not only American cultures use, but other cultures as well. There is a lot of interesting information that is provided in the website and it's also very insightful. author: Baby zone editors Date published: ND How this influenced my thinking: This article really opened my eyes to various types of child birth and the pros and cons that each one has. I had never really considered any other type of birth besides medicated birth in a hospital, but it was very interesting to read about the benefits of water birth. Credibility of source: The source seems to be credible. It was written by the editors of Disney.

Title: Parenting styles/ Child temperaments : The match Author: Anita Gurian, PhD Date Published: Why Relevant and Summary: Its relevant because she talks not only but the child temperaments but about the types of parenting styles there are and how some styles might be good for certain temperaments. How to use your type of parenting style for your child's temperament. How This Influenced My Thinking: It helps my thinking because I'm able to see what kind of parenting style I have, what the temperaments of my children are and how I can match them so that my children are succeeding in life. Credibility of Source: I think its credible, a doctor wrote it along with supporting evidence of research.

Title: Parenting Styles/Children's Temperaments: The Match Author: Anita Gurian Date Published: n.d. Why Relevant and Summary: Discusses all the different parenting types and their outcomes. Also touches on what kinds of temperaments children may have and how that interacts with parenting styles. How This Influenced My Thinking: At the end of the article there are some good parenting tips I will have to keep in mind Credibility of Source: very credible, author has a PhD and works at NYU School of Medicine

Title: Lev Vygotsky Author: Saul McLeod Date Published: 2007 Why Relevant and Summary: Talks about Vygotsky and the theories that he created. It also has a good comparison between Vygotsky and Piaget. How This Influenced My Thinking: It was good additional material that went more in depth on the topic, and had some information that the textbook did not cover. Credibility of Source: Good - the author is a professor at Wigan and Leigh college.

Title:Lev Vygotsky Author:Saul McLeod Date Published:2007 Why Relevant and Summary:Detailed background information about Vygotsky and how his theory differs from Piaget's theory. The effects of Vygotsky's theory is presented and there is also a video that talks about the differences of both theories. How This Influenced My Thinking:I learned a lot more about Vygotsky and how his and Piaget's theory differ from one another. Credibility of Source:Credible.

Title: Lev Vygotsky Author: Saul McLeod Date Published: 2007 Why Relevant and Summary: This article was relevant to the writing assignment because it helped me understand that an important concept to the Zone of Proximal Development relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child needs guidance with. How This Influenced My Thinking: This helped me know that children should have somewhat of independence and freedom to learn skills that'll benefit them in the future. This will teach the child to be responsible and to be independent. Credibility of Source: very credible

*****POST 18 not 19***** Title: The Art of Aging Gracefully Author: Katherine Kam Date Published: June 12, 2007 Why Relevant and Summary: This article is relevant because it talks about all of the changes women will be faced with as they age. It discusses the facts of what will be happening to the body as a women ages and how to deal with accepting the fact that changes are happening. How This Influenced My Thinking: This article discusses many aspects in ones life that can affect the way a women feels about herself at 50. It made a good point that if you have compulsive thoughts about aging you will start to drive yourself crazy - a thought that will make you feel like you are living to the tic-toc of the clock. Time isn't slipping away rather this is the time to be you and be happy. Credibility of Source: Web MD Website

Title: The Art of Aging Gracefully Author: Katherine Kam Date: 2013 Why Relevant : Talks about the aging stages and encouraging of women can overcome it and what they can do when they finally do accept it. How this influenced me: It helps me to look at my life because I fear turning 30! I can't imagine the types of things I may feel when I get to my 40's. But this helps me to boost up my confidence level and to really want to live life at that stage. Credibility: Not sure but like the info.

Title: The Development of Self-Esteem Author: Sue and Jo Date Published: No Date Why Relevant and Summary: This is a straightforward summary of a child's cognitive development of self-esteem. Although it doesn't include many details of what contributes to a child's self-esteem it does clearly define what its makeup is. How This Influenced My Thinking: This was interesting to me because it summed up the definition of self-esteem in a nutshell. I am personally interested in how to promote a healthy self-esteem in children but this website gives a good foundation for the outline of what self-esteem is and what factors affect it. Credibility of Source: It looks like it's some sort of personal website; however, it does cite studies and seems to back up its statements with scientific data.

Title: The Tribal Mind: Moral Reasoning and Public Discourse Author: Arnold Kling Date Published: April 26, 2012 Why Relevant and Summary: As soon as I saw this article I thought it was great. In a very interesting way it explain what moral reasoning is and how it is developed, influenced upon and used in today's complicated world. It taps on issues that we are faced with daily, especially coming after a presidential election where the "morals" of each side where being discussed and with a fierce public discourse. This essay also discusses some great books written about the topic and the author does a great job at explaining how our own personal moral values and beliefs are used to justify our behavior and manipulate others; and also how these moral decisions are very often based on instinct and rapid judgment rather than rational thought. The author maintains the position that even though we have come along as a society we still behave sometimes in tribal manner, and that goes not only for how we conduct business or personal relationships but also how this great country of ours is run. How This Influenced My Thinking: As a young person, and as a mother of two young boys, I took in all the information that I got from this article; I think I am going to read it again and also read the books that were used to support some of the thinking behind it. I believe that when someone truly understand where someone else is coming from it will be easier to comprehend their thinking and the commitment that they have to their moral compass. Also interesting to find out was how often rushed moral judgment occurs in our society, and how that directly impact all of us. It was a great article with a great deal of food for thought. Credibility of Source: It was published on "The American" an online magazine of the American Enterprise Institute and its author is a member of the Financial Markets Working Group at the Mercatus Center of George Mason University

Title: Future Identities: Changing Identities in the UK - the next 10 years Author: Nicole Ellison Date Published: January 2013 Why Relevant & Summary: This paper gives a thorough and detailed review of how social media is continuing to influence personal identity and the concept of self. Its focus on social and psychological impact, show how the influence of social media is effecting and changing our culture and sense of self. Current data of emerging trends, is stated clearly, logically, and within the standards of psychological research. A handy table of contents allows the reader to explore varying and related sub-topics with ease. How this influenced my thinking: This paper presents many terms which are relevant to this topic, but of which I was previously unaware of. The writer cites other published articles dealing with this new phenomenon. Credibility of Source: Highly credible due to publishing by the UK's Government office For Science, cited credible resources, and recent data

Title: Importance of prenatal sound and music Author: Giselle E Whitwell Date Published: It doesn't say Why Relevant and Summary: This was an amazing article! It was talking about the sound decibel of conversations or music outside of the womb. She goes to talking about how a baby might respond when the mother is in a certain environment and sometimes, what the effects may be after birth. How This Influenced My Thinking: While some of this is common knowledge, I never really knew or understood the importance of sound and how detrimental it can be in later stages of childhood. I see it now in my own children. I played a lot of music when I was pregnant and my kids love listening to it and dancing to it. Sometimes, you just don't think about these things. Credibility of Source: It's posted on an Association of Prenatal and Health. I don't think they would give false information.

Author: W.C. Crain Date Published: 1985 Why Relevant: Very in depth information on Kohlberg's theory of moral development and how he built on the theories of Piaget How This Influenced My Thinking: I was extremely rusty in my knowledge of growth and development stages. This article brought back all of my Kohlberg training from nursing school, and then some. Credibility of Source: Retreived from Cambridge Journals

Title: Theories of Development Author: W.C Crain Date Published:1985 Why Relevant and Summary: This gives us a great breakdown of Kohlbergs six stages giving great historical examples of moral behavior. How This Influenced My Thinking: It gave me a great understanding of post conventional reasoning and made the difference between stage 5 and 6 very clear Credibility of Source: old source but still a goody

Title: Applications and Utility of Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory Author: Brian Lewthwaite (ed.) Date Published: Spring 2011 Why Relevant and Summary: This journal from the Manitoba Education Research Network, summarizes several research studies that apply Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory. One of the studies, The Importance of Local Environment for Promoting Student Engagement in Learning by Janet McVittie and Danette Senterre, is particularly interesting and relevant. This is a direct application of how the microsystems outside the classroom affect the microsystem of the classroom, and how the mesosystems and exosystems affect classroom engagement. When children come into the classroom, they bring with them the values and habits of their exosystem and participate in their classroom based on how they are situated in their other microsystems. (McVittie & Senterre) How This Influenced My Thinking: Based on personal experiences, I can understand how our circumstances in our mesosystems and Microsystems can affect our performance in school. At the age of 14, I became and orphan when my only parent died. In retrospect, this event and the subsequent events that resulted from it deeply affected my academic progress. In other words, the tragic events in my family microsystem had a major impact on my school microsystem, as well as on my various mesosystems. Credibility of Source: The University of Manitoba Centre for Research in Youth, Science Teaching and Learning seems like a highly credible source.

Title:Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Author: KidsHealth Date Published:1995 Why Relevant and Summary: This is an in depth article about OCD, it's possible causes, relative behaviors of a child with OCD, signs and symptoms, diagnosing and treatment. How This Influenced My Thinking: I have a child with this disorder and this article was very informative for me as a person who had no background with this disorder. It helped to explain some of the behaviors I was witnessing and help me to make sense of it. Credibility of Source:Very credible as they use a host of different pediatricians and experts in the field to help keep the information as up to date as possible.

Title: Bronfenbrenner Ecological Systems Model Author: Nicole Yingst Date Published: 2011 Why Relevant and Summary: This is relevant because it gives a clear and easy to understand definition of what the five environmental systems are and it connects it to how it relates adolescents. It gives an example of each system and it also talks about a personal experience of how a teacher relates the ecological system to her classroom How This Influenced My Thinking: It influenced my thinks by giving me a better understanding of the concept and it gives good examples Credibility of Source: Not too sure about the credibility because it doesn't say where its comes from

Title: Bronfenbrenner: Ecological Systems Model Author: Nicole Yingst Date Published: 2011 Why Relevant and Summary: Provides a detailed explanation of Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory and all the different components/levels in it. How This Influenced My Thinking: Encouraged a recognition of the presence of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems in my own life and in my own experiences. Credibility of Source: BSU

Title:Environmental Causes of Human Congenital Malformations: The Pediatrician's Role in Dealing With These Complex Clinical Problems Caused by a Multiplicity of Environmental and Genetic Factors Author:Robert L. Brent Date Published:April 1, 2004 Why Relevant and Summary: Contains information on teratogens from various kinds to what malformations they can cause in the body. This article starts off by describing the criteria to be classified as a teratogen. There are three categories of congenital malformations: unknown, genetic, and environmental. The severity of effects of teratogen are determined by time of exposure and amount of exposure or threshold dose. How This Influenced My Thinking: There are specific criteria in order to be classified as caused by teratogen. Credibility of Source: The source is highly credible. It comes from the Journal of American Academy of Pediatrics.

Title: Methods of Childbirth Author: Web M.d Date Published:n.d Why Relevant and Summary: This website shows an overview of the most common form of labor and delivery. It gives examples of methods use to deliver a baby. How This Influenced My Thinking: Although i was aware of this form of childbirth method, I was not aware of the terminology that doctors use, and how complex childbirth actually is. It has open my eyes to the variety of methods. Credibility of Source: This source was somewhat credible. This website is useful if wanting to get an overview of the topic or if one is new to topic. This source is a good way to begin with research, however more extensive research should be done.