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Austin Buben

Judging History: The Historical Record of the International Criminal Tribunal for the F... - 0 views

search.proquest.com/...5

arkan tigers

shared by Austin Buben on 30 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • The Judgment then turns to Bosnia and deals with the rise of ethnically-constituted parties in 1990 and the efforts of the Serb Democratic Party (SDS) to achieve a Greater Serbia by annexing parts of Bosnia and Croatia where there were Serb populations.97 There is a thorough discussion of how the Yugoslav National Army (JNA), which up to that point had been multi-ethnic, became 90 percent Serb. In 1991 it had become an army without a state to defend, and thus turned into an instrument of a militaristic Serb nationalism.98 War raged between the newly independent Croatia and Serb forces in late 1991, and this greatly increased tensions in Bosnia. The JNA withdrew from Croatia in early 1992 and brought 100,000 troops, airplanes, helicopters, and heavy weapons into Bosnia which further exacerbated anxiety and hostility among the population.99
  • "Arkan's Tigers.
  • "Arkan"
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • The Judgment dedicates a great deal of space to the propaganda campaign in Bosnia. By the spring of 1992, all of the media in Bosnia was Serb controlled, and was pounding out the same unrelenting message that Serbs were about to be overwhelmed by Ustasha Croats and fundamentalist Muslims, and had no choice but to join with the JNA in an all-out war to save the Serbs from genocide. Broadcasts from Belgrade featured Serb politicians such as Zeljko
  • Raznatovic who declared that the Second World War was not over and "news" reports with fictitious stories about a Croat doctor sterilizing Serb women and castrating Serb boys.100The SDS in Bosnia capitalized on the fear created by such propaganda, and began proclaiming Serb Autonomous Regions as part of creating a Greater Serbia. Crisis staffs set up in these regions carried out local government and military functions. Combining elements of the JNA, paramilitary organizations, and police units, the SDS established physical control over these areas. Since the JNA had expelled non-Serbs and was short of manpower, it relied increasingly on paramilitaries such as
  • 101 Even though the JNA was withdrawn from Bosnia in May 1992, apparently in compliance with UN Security Council Resolution 752 calling for an end to outside interference,102 the Bosnian Serb army (VRS) inherited personnel and weapons from the JNA and could still count on air support from the JNA.103 Both of the last two points were essential for connecting the actions of Dusko Tadic, one small cog in the Bosnian Serb security apparatus, to the wider policies of ethnic cleansing.
    • Austin Buben
      Austin Buben on 30 Oct 11
       
      Interesting how Arkan is Aelijko Raznatovic's middle name. Also, how the serbs took over the media in bosnia and spread their propaganda.
Kevin Gregor

14 Years After War's End, Ethnic Divisions Once Again Gripping Bosnia - 0 views

www.washingtonpost.com/...AR2009082202234_2.html

genocide war Bosnia

shared by Kevin Gregor on 30 Oct 11 - No Cached
    • Kevin Gregor
      Kevin Gregor on 30 Oct 11
       
      Serbs are trying to secede from Bosnia and undermine the gov't, but Bosnia has always been dependent on outside rule, and it would not flourish without the high rep governing them.
  • Bosnia suffers from a "dependency syndrome" that dates back centuries, to when it was part of the Ottoman Empire.
  • The Peace Implementation Council, a group of 55 nations and agencies that oversees the Dayton accords and appoints the viceroy, has been trying for years to abolish the position and restore full sovereignty to Bosnia. But foreign diplomats say they are not confident that Bosnia is ready to govern itself.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • there have been no physically violent incidents
  • But the rhetoric, according to people who have been here, is as bad as it's been since 1991
  • Milorad Dodik, the prime minister of the Serb Republic, has hinted that it might try to secede. He has also tangled with prosecutors and diplomats who have served under the high representative, saying they are biased against Serbs.
  • Raffi Gregorian, an American who serves as the deputy high representative, said the political mood in Bosnia began to sour three years ago after Dodik's party took power in the Serb Republic. Since then, he said, many politicians have tried to win votes by fanning ethnic fears and suspicions.

  • In June, Inzko defused a much bigger crisis after lawmakers in the Serb Republic approved legislation challenging the authority of the national government in several areas, such as customs and law enforcement. Inzko nullified the legislation, ruling that it would undermine the Dayton accords, the legal framework that holds the country together.

  • Muslims represent about half of Bosnia's population, with Serbs accounting for about a third and Croats making up much of the rest. Nobody knows precise numbers, however, because the last census was taken in 1991.
  • Serb Republic lawmakers have tried to block the national government from consolidating power while effectively creating a separate state in their autonomous zone.
Kevin Gregor

14 Years After War's End, Ethnic Divisions Once Again Gripping Bosnia - 0 views

www.washingtonpost.com/...AR2009082202234_3.html

genocide war Bosnia

shared by Kevin Gregor on 30 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • "People do not feel comfortable living on a territory where they are a minority unless they have safeguards."
  • Meanwhile, Bosnia is becoming even more polarized, as Serbs, Croats and Muslims migrate to places where their ethnic groups are in the majority.
Kevin Gregor

14 Years After War's End, Ethnic Divisions Once Again Gripping Bosnia - 0 views

www.washingtonpost.com/...AR2009082202234.html

genocide war Bosnia tension ethnic

shared by Kevin Gregor on 30 Oct 11 - No Cached
    • Kevin Gregor
      Kevin Gregor on 30 Oct 11
       
      Riots & Protests still break out in Bosnia because of ethnic differences.
  • "As an individual, you almost don't exist in this society. You are just a member of a certain ethnic group."
  • he economy is in tatte
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • The economy is in tatters, with unemployment exceeding 40 percent. Serbs are talking openly of secession. Croats are leaving the country in droves. Religious schisms are widening. In December, street protests erupted after Bosnian Muslim school officials in Sarajevo tried to ban "Santa Claus" from delivering gifts to kindergartens.
Neha Kukreja

Crisis in Chechnya - Global Issues - 0 views

www.globalissues.org/...crisis-in-chechnya

shared by Neha Kukreja on 23 Oct 11 - Cached
  • Chechens are predominantly Sunni Muslim.
  • As well as different cultural and religious beliefs, as for any group of people throughout history subdued by external rule or empire,
  • With the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, a number of regions managed to break away and gain independence.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • became an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation the following year.
  • , Boris Yeltsin, refused Chechnya's declaration of independence, sending in troops instead,
  • The resulting anarchy in Chechnya strengthened Russian belief that the region should not become independent and undermine its territorial integrity;
  • Furthermore, oil is a significant factor
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 30 Oct 11
       
      This is a major difference---Milosevic wanted to keep Bosnia not so much for economic reasons as for wanting to make a predominantly ethnic Serb state.
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 30 Oct 11
       
      Russians= predominantly Russian Orthodox Chechens= predominantly Muslim This is similar to religious differences leading to genocide in the Balkans--- Serbs (Orthodox) were pitted against both Catholic Croats and Muslims in Bosnia.
  • After the 1917 Russian Revolution, a declaration of independence by the Chechens was met with occupation from the Bolsheviks who later established the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Region in 1924.
  • At the beginning of 1999, Maskhadov declared Islamic Shari'ah law, to be phased in over the next three years.
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 30 Oct 11
       
      This only worsened the conflict against the Russians.......
  • Russia' full scale war with Chechnya led to many bombing raids by Russian forces. Some one third to half of the 1.3 million Chechen people are said to have fled from Chechnya.
  • 70-80,000 people died, mostly Chechen civilians, and in 1996, Russia withdrew defeated.
Maddie McFeeley

JSTOR: Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 59, No. 6 (Sep., 2007), pp. 961-976 - 0 views

www.jstor.org/20451412

shared by Maddie McFeeley on 30 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • Maddie McFeeley on 30 Oct 11
     
    Trust in Bosnia
Ellen Mischinski

Balkan holocausts?: Serbian and ... - David Bruce MacDonald - Google Books - 0 views

books.google.com/books

Yugoslavia Serbia Croatia Bosnia Propaganda

shared by Ellen Mischinski on 21 Oct 11 - No Cached
    • Ellen Mischinski
      Ellen Mischinski on 21 Oct 11
       
      Croatian propagandists focused most of their attacks on Serbia, which was in the process of invading and occupying one quarter of their new independent country
    • Ellen Mischinski
      Ellen Mischinski on 21 Oct 11
       
      ther important myths include the Antemurale Christianitatis, the belief that Croatia represented the easternmost outpost of European civilization. Across the divide were the Serbs, often presented as being on a lower level of civilization, with an 'Asiatic' mentality, and distinct racial and psychological features, as well as different linguistic and cultural forms of identity. Such forms of differentiation would buttress Croatian arguments that, at all levels, Serbs were more backward, barbarous, and warlike.
    • Ellen Mischinski
      Ellen Mischinski on 26 Oct 11
       
      An interesting aspect of Croatian propaganda was how the focus of attack shifted after 1991. Before Serbia became a threat to Croatian autonomy, Croatian nationalists had little interest in Serbian leaders or Serbian history. Their only true enemies were the Communists, who were solidly in control of the SFRY....A long tradition of attacking Communism and Tito as the worst possible enemies of Croatia changed after 1991, when the Serbs, not the Communists generally, became the new source of evil...myths of Croatian history before WWII is the historical evolution of Serbian hatred against the Croats. What begins as a general condemnation of eastern barbarity, due to the Great Schism, becomes more politicised in the 19th century. p125
  • ...1 more annotation...
    • Ellen Mischinski
      Ellen Mischinski on 29 Oct 11
       
      mostly spread propaganda through internet
    • Ellen Mischinski
      Ellen Mischinski on 29 Oct 11
       
      p.125
Onurcan Tatman

Genocide after emotion - 0 views

books.google.com/books

illegal firing of weapons Zagreb Fear Islamic State in Europe

shared by Onurcan Tatman on 25 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • Onurcan Tatman on 25 Oct 11
     
    The failure to adequately respond on the part of the major Western superpowers to the atrocities in the Balkans constitutes a major moral and political scandal. InGenocide After EmotionMestrovic and the contributors thoroughly interrogate the war, its media coverage and response in the West.
  • Onurcan Tatman on 25 Oct 11
     
    this article talks about how the Serbs may have acted out in fear of a Islamic State developing in Europe. It also talks about how the Serbs used illegal cluster bombs on the people of Bosnia.
Neha Kukreja

Preventing Genocide - Who is at Risk? - Bosnia-Herzegovina - 0 views

www.ushmm.org/...bosniaherzegovina

shared by Neha Kukreja on 23 Oct 11 - Cached
  • They targeted Bosniak and Croatian civilians in areas under their control, in what has become known as "ethnic cleansing."
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 30 Oct 11
       
      Similar in numbers to second Chechen War
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 30 Oct 11
       
      *First
Duncan Flippo

Georgia - HISTORY - 0 views

www.mongabay.com/...HISTORY.html

Georgia history post soviet nationalism

shared by Duncan Flippo on 23 Oct 11 - No Cached
    • Duncan Flippo
      Duncan Flippo on 23 Oct 11
       
      this says a lot about some reasons for revs and nationalism
  • In seven decades as part of the Soviet Union, Georgia maintained some cultural independence, and Georgian nationalism remained a significant--though at times muted--issue in relations with the Russians.
    • Duncan Flippo
      Duncan Flippo on 23 Oct 11
       
      Shows how georgian cultural things were not supressed as much as in bosnia and other soviet countries
  • Stalin and Lavrenti Beria, his chief of secret police from 1938 to 1953, were both Georgians
  • Duncan Flippo on 23 Oct 11
     
    this shows a lot of Georgian history including some nationalism and post soviet stuff
Mallory Toth

Yugoslavia page - 0 views

www.angelfire.com/...yugoslavia.html

shared by Mallory Toth on 25 Oct 11 - No Cached
    • Mallory Toth
      Mallory Toth on 25 Oct 11
       
      state was created at the end of World War I 
    • Mallory Toth
      Mallory Toth on 25 Oct 11
       
      Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Macedonia were all part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
  • Mallory Toth on 25 Oct 11
     
    Yugoslavia means the state of the South Slavs. There were the following linguistic and religious groups within its borders: Serbs; Croats; Slovenes; Macedonians (these are all Slavs); Albanians; Hungarians, Romanians. The area owes its ethnic diversity to migrations of Slavs into territory formerly part of the Roman Empire, at that time occupied by the Illyrians (whose descendants are believed to be the Albanians).
Mallory Toth

JSTOR: An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie - 0 views

www.jstor.org/207916

shared by Mallory Toth on 25 Oct 11 - No Cached
    • Mallory Toth
      Mallory Toth on 25 Oct 11
       
      Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes: Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Dalmatia, parts of Syria, Carniola, etc. 
    • Mallory Toth
      Mallory Toth on 25 Oct 11
       
      Yugoslavia=Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
  • Mallory Toth on 25 Oct 11
     
    The JSTOR site requires that your browser allows JSTOR (http://www.jstor.org) to set and modify cookies. JSTOR uses cookies to maintain information that will enable access to the archive and improve the response time and performance of the system.
Stuart Algood

CSA - 0 views

md1.csa.com/...viewrecord.php

shared by Stuart Algood on 29 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • ts in the war, namely the Bosnian Muslims and the Bosnian Serbs, are the focus of the study. The level o
  • influence
  • influence
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • bstraction at which these rival ethnic groups were sensitive to demographic trends, and therefore the level at which that rivalry played out, was the local municipality, the opstina where competition over jobs and political power was manifest. It is at this level that basic tenets of ethnic competition theory are considered to have been at work. An index of ethnic competition is introduced to measure competition in terms of the relative balance of ethnic populations. This index is complemented by analysis of the trend of relative ethnic population numbers over the two decades prior to the war. Data from the Yugoslavian census show how the demographic position of the Bosnian Serbs declined dramatically in over 90% of the opstinas throughout the country. These population trends are translated into an index of demographic disadvantage.
  • ds, and therefore the level at which that rivalry played out, was the local municipality, the opstina where competition over jobs and political power was manifest. It is at this level that basic tenets of ethnic competition theory are considered to have been at work. An index of ethnic competition is introduced to measure competition in terms of the relative balance of ethnic populations. This index is complemented by analysis of the trend of relative ethnic population numbers over the two decades prior to the war. Data from the Yugoslavian census show how the demographic position of the Bosnian Serbs declined dramatically in over 90% of the opstinas throughout t
    • Stuart Algood
      Stuart Algood on 29 Oct 11
       
      This is helpful to answering why genocide took place in curtain areas of Bosnia.
Ellen Mischinski

Ethnic nationalism: the tragic death ... - Bogdan Denis Denitch - Google Books - 0 views

books.google.com/books

Yugoslavia Serbia Croatia Bosnia Propaganda

shared by Ellen Mischinski on 26 Oct 11 - No Cached
    • Ellen Mischinski
      Ellen Mischinski on 26 Oct 11
       
      Since 1985 the Serbian popular press had unleashed relentless propaganda about Croatian war crimes in WWII, and that had created hostility where it had not existed before.  176
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