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To bring new therapies to market, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies engage contract research organizations (CROs) for their expertise in navigating the complex landscape of product development and regulatory pathway.

To bring new therapies to market, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies engage contract research organizations (CROs).

The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) is a not-for-profit organization whose purpose is to provide an organization through which boards of nursing act and counsel together on matters of common interest and concern affecting the public health, safety and welfare, including the development of licensing examinations in nursing. This includes the APRN Consensus movement. This website has multitudes of information related to APRN practice; as we get closer to the F2F classes in October, this will become a more valuabel resource.

This link shows all the certifying bodies available and has links to those websites The American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) is the largest and only full-service national professional membership organization for nurse practitioners (NPs) of all specialties.

These are the Adult Gero Acute Care NP competencies that were developed by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) in 2012. Interesting that these were only developed 3 years ago!

This article touches on a topic of particular interest to me, specifically how APRN's can help fill a critical shortage of primary care providers in HIV medicine. The article validates that APRN's (NP's) are more than capable of providing high quality care to those living with HIV. Moreover, we are well positioned to fill the provider shortage that is only expected to grow over the next decade and beyond.

As NPs, many of us who have not practiced as nurses, it might be difficult to get your foot in the door of that first job. This is a personal strategy that I came up with to try and help mitigate that for myself, I'm obviously hoping that it works! For those of us who know where we want to work, for me that's in HIV medicine, I think it's important to develop the competencies that your employer will be looking for when you walk in the door. This article does a nice job of laying those out for entry level NPs looking to get into HIV medicine. What I'm trying to do is add as many of these skills to my resume while I'm attending school. My hope is that will give me an edge over NPs that I'm competing with who may not have been in the specialty specific time. If you can identify your desired areas of practice then its just a matter of looking for opportunities to add to your skillset. Look for faculty that have a shared interest, see if you can work on a research project with them. Look for nursing organizations in that specialty. There are two HIV specific organizations for APRNs looking to get into HIV medicine (ANAC and AAHIV). Join them and start networking. Take as much CNE as you can in your specialty topic - much of its free and can be done online at your own pace.

The American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) is the largest and only full-service national professional membership organization for nurse practitioners (NPs) of all specialties.

When I typed in "APRN history" into Google, this was the first item to populate. The article is from the American Association of Nurse Practitioners website and is a timeline of significant events that have occurred over the course of APRN history. I was surprised to see that one of the first NP programs was created at Boston College. My mother is a graduate from their BSN program! The AANP was developed in 1985 and has since helped pioneer the career. Enjoy!

This site breaks down the role of a nurse, how much they've grown, and organizations that have developed, decade by decade.

This was a great overview of the nurse practitioner role. There was also a very interesting infographic on the website as well.

This article discusses the limitations in scope-of-practice caused by state regulation of health professions. It also stresses the importance of allowing APRNs to practice within their full-scope as supported by various research and defined by national regulating organizations in order to improve primary care.

Interdisciplinary Teamwork article

Interdisciplinary team work is a complex process in which different types of staff work together to share expertise, knowledge, and skills to impact on patient care. Despite increasing emphasis on interdisciplinary team work over the past decade, in particular the growth of interdisciplinary education [ 1], there is little evidence as to the most effective way of delivering interdisciplinary team work [ 2].

Interdisciplinary team work is a complex process in which different types of staff work together to share expertise, knowledge, and skills to impact on patient care. Despite increasing emphasis on interdisciplinary team work over the past decade, in particular the growth of interdisciplinary education [ 1], there is little evidence as to the most effective way of delivering interdisciplinary team work [ 2].

Article showing an application of teamwork in a primary care setting to develop a behavior health intervention. See the abstract below! J Am Board Fam Med. 2015 Sep-Oct;28 Suppl 1:S21-31. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.S1.150042. Abstract PURPOSE: This paper sought to describe how clinicians from different backgrounds interact to deliver integrated behavioral and primary health care, and the contextual factors that shape such interactions. METHODS: This was a comparative case study in which a multidisciplinary team used an immersion-crystallization approach to analyze data from observations of practice operations, interviews with practice members, and implementation diaries. The observed practices were drawn from 2 studies: Advancing Care Together, a demonstration project of 11 practices located in Colorado; and the Integration Workforce Study, consisting of 8 practices located across the United States. RESULTS: Primary care and behavioral health clinicians used 3 interpersonal strategies to work together in integrated settings: consulting, coordinating, and collaborating (3Cs). Consulting occurred when clinicians sought advice, validated care plans, or corroborated perceptions of a patient's needs with another professional. Coordinating involved 2 professionals working in a parallel or in a back-and-forth fashion to achieve a common patient care goal, while delivering care separately. Collaborating involved 2 or more professionals interacting in real time to discuss a patient's presenting symptoms, describe their views on treatment, and jointly develop a care plan. Collaborative behavior emerged when a patient's care or situation was complex or novel. We identified contextual factors shaping use of the 3Cs, including: time to plan patient care, staffing, employing brief therapeutic approaches, proximity of clinical team members, and electronic health record documenting behavior. CONCLUSION: Primary care and behavioral health clinicians, through their interactions, c

The article examines essential characteristics of effective teams. In particular, they identify the following as core characteristics of effective teams and effective team members: - Clear purpose - Clearly delineated member roles that aren't too rigid - Address poor performers efficiently - Communicate about individual & group strengths & weaknesses - Trust one another

The author figures out the challenges in interdisciplinary teamwork among healthcare providers. These challenges are worth attention if we hope to do well in interdisciplinary teamwork.

This article discusses how interdisciplinary teamwork is experienced at three levels: healthcare professionals, patients, and healthcare organizations.

The points made by the author - reaching decisions collectively, making sure everyone is committed to the same purpose and goal, full participation, understanding the work of other disciplines - can be applied in any type of teamwork setting for successful outcomes. However, with healthcare the author points out that effective teamwork can lead to decreasing health care costs, improved patient safety, and decreasing workload through shared responsibilities. All areas that can allow for better patient care and more efficient use of time and financial resources.

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In this article, author Lugo discusses the findings of her study relating limits on full practice authority for APRNs to issues of gender equality. She investigated the link between state support of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and laws in these states allowing APRNs full scope of practice and prescribing rights. Her study showed that states that have historically and currently supported the ERA in fact allow greater APRN scope of practice, and thus she draws conclusions about attitudes towards women's equality and the regulation of advanced practice nursing, which remains to be a woman-dominated profession.

In this May 2016 article published in the Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, Dr. Nancy Rudner Lugo argues that advanced practicing nursing viewed through a gendered perspective due to nursing's history as a predominantly female profession; because of this, APRNS in states that are less accepting of women's equality have a more narrow scope of practice. There is not currently a national-level evidence based method used to determine APRN scope, and is instead decided at the state level. The author seeks to explain the cause of the discrepancy between differing APRN scopes of practice in different states by comparing the APRN scope of practice between states that did and did not vote to pass the Equal Right Amendment, positing that states with cultural attitudes that are more equitable between genders reflect this at the legislative level, thus explaining the wider or full practice authority given to APRNs in these states. In conclusion, Lugo advocates for increasing the number of women in legislative positions, forming relationships between women's equality organizations and groups working towards expanded health care access, and emphasizing the skills and competency of APRNs in achieving positive patient health outcomes.