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In earlier articles on intelligent sensor design, we saw how valuable they can be to both end users and those who manufacture and sell them. It’s now time to delve more deeply into what it takes to make intelligent sensors work.   The first step in that journey is to develop a solid, intuitive understanding of the principles of digital signal processing(DSP). Unlike many introductory DSP articles and texts, the focus here will be on presenting and using the important concepts rather than deriving them, for the simple reason that addressing the subject in depth is a book-sized, not a chapter-sized, project.

The center piece of our toolset is the software integrated development environment or IDE. MPLAB IDE has enjoyed many years of evolution cracking Microchip’s popular catalogue of micro controllers and digital signal controllers. This presentation will cover these topics. Look at MPLAB and its components. An MPLAB IDE overview, MPLAB’s hardware components including starter kits and demonstration and evaluation kits and finally we attempt to answer the question why use Microchip tools.

In many instances, the way embedded software is structured and how it interacts with the hardware in a system can have a profound effect on the transient immunity performance of a system. It can be impractical and costly to completely eliminate transients at the hardware level, so the system and software designers should plan for the occasional erroneous signal or power glitch that could cause the software to perform erratically. Erratic actions on the part of the software can be classified into two different categories:

DMA is used in almost every complex system or subsystems, but it's observed that teams either build the DMA controller from scratch for each project for specific application or take the existing DMAC available from elsewhere. This article discusses the architecture of DMAC that can be used with any kind of Bus, configuration (parallel, serial transfers), can be connected to any kind of ports, most importantly any kind of software assumptions can be implemented in the DMAC very easily.

PC-compatible industrial computers are increasing in computing power at a rapid rate due to the availability of multi-core microprocessor chips, and Microsoft Windows has become the de-facto software platform for implementing human-machine interfaces (HMIs). PCs are also becoming more reliable. With these trends, the practice of building robotic systems as complex multi-architecture, multi-platform systems is being challenged. It is now becoming possible to integrate all the functions of machine control and HMI into a single platform, without sacrificing performance and reliability of processing. Through new developments in software, we are seeing industrial systems evolving to better integrate Windows with real-time functionality such as machine vision and motion control. Software support to simplify motion control algorithm implementation already exists for the Intel processor architecture.

The consumer handheld market is growing by leaps and bounds. With more processing power and increased support for more applications, portable products are cross-pollinating with traditional computing systems even as the product life cycle has decreased considerably in this market segment. As a result, especially in this era of economic slowdown, it is imperative that new products meet the time-to-market window to gain maximum acceptance. A decrease in product life cycles requires a reduced development cycle and an increased emphasis on reusability and reprogrammability. The emerging handheld market is also seeing interesting trends in which each individual device in a family has lower volumes but there is more customization across the series of devices, effectively upping the total unit volumes. The key challenge then becomes how to develop a system that is widely reusable and also customizable. These requirements have led designers increasingly to turn to the FPGA for handheld-product development. The FPGA has become more powerful and feature-rich, while gate counts, area and frequency have increased. FPGA development and turnaround cycles are considerably shorter than those of custom ASICs, and the added advantage of reprogrammability can make the FPGA a more compelling solution for handheld embedded systems.

The first part of this white paper explores the basic concepts behind HDMI, the markets it serves and its leadership role in multimedia interfaces. This is followed by a tutorial on the new capabilities of HDMI 1.4 and their role in providing a richer, more straightforward user experience. Next, we'll explore a series of user case scenarios that illustrate how the HEAC feature can simplify cabling requirements between digital home multimedia devices. The last portion of this paper discusses the architectural considerations and technical details involved with incorporating the Ethernet and Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format (S/PDIF) standards into the HDMI system-on-chips (SoCs) to support the HEAC feature.

On Monday, National Instruments announced one such platform. It's called LabView Robotics. In addition to LabView, the popular data-acquisition application, the package includes a bunch of tools specific to robotics. It can import codes in various formats (C, C++, Matlab, VHDL), offers a library of drivers for a wide variety of sensors and actuators, and has modules for implementation of real-time and embedded hardware. NI says engineers could use the package to both design and run their robotic systems. 

While the new multicore system on chip (SoC) signal-processing architecture announced by Texas Instruments this week at Mobile World Congress hits all the right notes with respect to what's needed in next-generation basestation designs, it rings a bit hollow given how sketchy the architectural details remain when contrasted with more 'real' announcements from the likes of Freescale. For sure, the requirements of next-generation basestations will push all architectures to their limits and beyond. Balancing lower power and lower cost with increasingly parallel, math-intensive processing to meet multiuser demands for high-data-rate data in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release 8 all-IP networks is not going to be easy, especially with the introduction of MIMO, beam forming, ofDMA and many other enhancements engineered to maximize spectral efficiency.

25 March 2010—Nowadays, a phone that doesn’t know where it is or where it’s going can’t really call itself ”smart.” To orient themselves properly, smartphones require not just GPS capability but also an electronic compass, an accelerometer, and increasingly, digital gyroscopes. The point of a gyroscope is to sense any change in an object’s axis of rotation. Up until now, gyroscopes measured movement around the three axes with three sensors—one for pitch, one for yaw, and another for roll. At most, two of these sensors would be combined on a single die. The best you could do was, say, match up a 3- by 5- by 1-millimeter yaw sensor with a 4- by 5- by 1-mm sensor that would detect pitch and roll. But on 15 February, STMicroelectronics unveiled  a 4- by 4- by 1-mm gyroscope whose single sensing structure tracks all three angular motions. It’s a triumph of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) engineering.

NXP BV (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) has said it will demonstrate a microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M4 at the Embedded Systems Conference in San Jose, California. NXP was one of the first companies to license the Cortex-M4 processor core and a chip has been implemented using a low-leakage 90-nm process technology. This enables performance in excess of 150-MHz clock frequency, NXP said. NXP has added proprietary power-down techniques to reduce power consumption. The ESC Silicon Valley demo will show that a 7-channel audio graphic equalizer application processing 32-bit precision audio data requires only 12 MHz of CPU bandwidth using the Cortex-M4 DSP extensions, and 60 MIPs without. The core includes DSP extensions not usually found inside a microcontroller and NXP's implementation are aimed at a broad set of applications including motor control, digital power control and embedded audio.