Our most important institutions, like schools and workplaces, are designed for extroverts,

why is it that kids who prefer to go off by themselves or to work alone are seen as outliers?

How about the very definition of “class participation?”

how best to cultivate the talent of those students.

a student who has one or two or three friends, and prefers to go deep with their friendships instead of being one of a big gang, there’s nothing wrong with that at all, in terms of it being a predictor for adulthood.

If the kid is perfectly happy the way they are, they need to get the message that the way they are is cool.

make sure to build quiet time into the school day, especially when kids are younger. Have 15 minutes set aside every day where the students just read.

maximize choice.

less group work in general.

do more work in pairs, which is a way that both introverts and extroverts can thrive.

challenge teachers to rethink what they mean by class participation and start thinking of it as classroom engagement instead.

account the research of Anders Ericsson, who invented the concept of “deliberate practice.”

tools that allow students to participate through their electronic devices as opposed to raising their hand.

Apps that allow students to contribute to class discussions, sometimes anonymously and sometimes not.