Group items tagged

Golgiapparaten är en organell som förekommer i eukaryota celler

Kloroplast

Kloroplaster är en typ av organeller som finns i växternas celler.

Kloroplasterna innehåller pigmentet klorofyll och deras uppgift är att omvandla strålningen från solen till kemisk energi. Den kemiska energin, i form av ATP och NADPH, kan sedan användas till att bygga upp olika delar av växten.

Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis.[

The Golgi apparatus (also called the Golgi bodies, Golgi complex, dictyosome, or more colloquially Golgi) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1898 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and was named after him.

The Golgi complex is composed of numerous sets of smooth cisternae, which are coated with lipid membranes

The Golgi complex is a series of membranes shaped like pancakes.

animated overview of the Golgi apparatus

Pronunciation Guide

Växtcellbiologi - Energiomvandling i växtceller

Energiomsättningen i växt- och algceller äger rum i organeller (avgränsande utrymmen inne i cellen) som kallas kloroplaster

I kloroplasterna återfinns fotosyntesen, naturens sätt att lagra solenergi i kemisk form.

kloroplast

kloropla´st, plastid innehållande klorofyll, den celldel (organell) i växtcellerna där fotosyntesen äger rum.

The Golgi apparatus, also called the Golgi complex, is commonly found in eukaryotic cells

A plasmid is an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule separate from the chromosomal DNA which is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA.[1] In many cases, it is circular and double-stranded. Plasmids usually occur naturally in bacteria, but are sometimes found in eukaryotic organisms (e.g., the 2-micrometre-ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Plasmid size varies from 1 to over 1,000 kilobase pairs (kbp).[2][3][4] The number of identical plasmids within a single cell can range anywhere from one to even thousands under some circumstances. Plasmids can be considered to be part of the mobilome, since they are often associated with conjugation, a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.

Plasmids used in genetic engineering are called vectors. Plasmids serve as important tools in genetics and biotechnology labs, where they are commonly used to multiply (make many copies of) or express particular genes.[2] Many plasmids are commercially available for such uses. The gene to be replicated is inserted into copies of a plasmid containing genes that make cells resistant to particular antibiotics and a multiple cloning site (MCS, or polylinker), which is a short region containing several commonly used restriction sites allowing the easy insertion of DNA fragments at this location. Next, the plasmids are inserted into bacteria by a process called transformation. Then, the bacteria are exposed to the particular antibiotics. Only bacteria which take up copies of the plasmid survive , since the plasmid makes them resistant. In particular, the protecting genes are expressed (used to make a protein) and the expressed protein breaks down the antibiotics. In this way the antibiotics act as a filter to select only the modified bacteria