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melissa basso

The plight of white tenant farmers and sharecroppers - 0 views

mshistory.k12.ms.us/index.php

#Sharecropping #Mississippi #Farming #

shared by melissa basso on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • melissa basso on 04 Oct 13
     
    This website provides the history of sharecropping and tenant farming. It also provides details on the hierarchy of society during the great depression. With migration of African Americans came a surge in need of poor white farmers who took on the job of farming on land which they did not own. Many times, sharecroppers would end up working under contract for years without pay in any form. This way of life was only the beginning of social stratification.
Alexa Mason

Photographs from the FSA and OWI - 0 views

memory.loc.gov/...fachap04.html

#america #class #WalkerEvans #NewYork #photography

shared by Alexa Mason on 07 Oct 13 - Cached
  • Census records, real estate guides, and fire insurance maps draw a profile of the neighborhood in the 1930s. Situated at the southern end of the city's Yorkville District, the block was predominantly Italian, although many Irish and Poles lived on nearby East Side streets. The population grew during the decade, with most families living in rented three- or four-room apartments or in "rooming and lodging" houses built before 1900. Most buildings provided shared toilets and tubs, and nearly all residents had electricity or gas for cooking and lighting. Rents ranged from ten to fifty dollars per month. Residents either rode public transportation (a tramway ran parallel to East Sixty-first Street and the EL traveled along Second Avenue) or walked; few owned automobiles. A Roman Catholic church--identified as Our Lady of Perpetual Help on a 1934 map--adjoined a parochial school facing East Sixty-second Street. Many small businesses served the neighborhood, and a few larger concerns like warehouses and a laundry that served a citywide clientele.11
  • Alexa Mason on 07 Oct 13
     
    This webpage is from the Library of Congress. It includes twenty photographs taken by Walker Evans for the Farm Security Administration. The photographs portray a New York City block in the 1930s. According to the Library of Congress, the census and real estate guides to place the block within a historical context. The webpage describes not only Evans' career and photography style but the analysis of the subject, this particular New York City block, provides the reader with background such as the types of households, tenants and businesses that occupied this neighborhood during this time.
David McLellan

Sharecropper (Floyd Burroughs), Hale County, Alabama − Walker Evans − E − Art... - 0 views

www.nationalgalleries.org/...22564

#class #labor #aged #eyes

shared by David McLellan on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • This photograph was taken by Evans, while he was working for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). The subject of the photograph is one of the tenant farmers, whom Evans had got to know, while documenting life in Alabama's devastated cotton belt during the Depression. Evans intended these photographs to represent an objective, non-propagandist record of the Depression. He strove not to create iconic images, but, instead, to be descriptive and avoid stereotypes. Evans and the writer, James Agee who accompanied him on the project, later collaborated to make a book of photographs and writing, called 'Let Us Now Praise Famous Men.'
  • This photograph was taken by Evans, while he was working for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). The subject of the photograph is one of the tenant farmers, whom Evans had got to know, while documenting life in Alabama's devastated cotton belt during the Depression. Evans intended these photographs to represent an objective, non-propagandist record of the Depression. He strove not to create iconic images, but, instead, to be descriptive and avoid stereotypes. Evans and the writer, James Agee who accompanied him on the project, later collaborated to make a book of photographs and writing, called 'Let Us Now Praise Famous Men.'
  • David McLellan on 04 Oct 13
     
    This is a portrait of Allie Mae Burroughs husband, Floyd Burroughs, taken at the same time by Walker Evans.  This photograph uses the same basic layout with focused placed on the eyes and thin lipped straight-line mouth, made famous in the portrait of his wife, Allie Mae Burroughs.  
David McLellan

Does Her Face Foretell Her Fate? | Walker Evans, Lucille Burroughs, Daughter of a Cotto... - 1 views

online.wsj.com/...3467004575574162690573540.html

#class #documentary #history #daughter

shared by David McLellan on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Walker Evans's "Lucille Burroughs, Daughter of a Cotton Sharecropper. Hale County, Alabama" (1936).
  • Evans's portrait of Lucille is elegant in its simplicity. She is shown from the shoulders up, her face framed by a straw hat, standing against the wooden planking of one of the outbuildings of the farm the Burroughs family worked as tenants. There is nothing superfluous, and the 8-by-10 negative of Evans's view camera captures the textures of the included elements with great specificity. The rust bleeding from the nails in the untreated wood is a clue to the family's economic condition, but poverty is not evident elsewhere in the picture.
  • But it is Lucille Burroughs's face, the center of the image, that holds our attention. Our face-recognition apparatus sees she is young, white, of apparent Anglo-Saxon heritage, and although her features are regular, and even attractive, there is something in her face—in the picture of her face—that lets us know she was not born to wealth. More difficult than culling that sociological information is trying to suss out her expression. Her eyes are focused intently on Evans, the photographer who commands the black box with its bellows and dials and its one great all-seeing eye, a city man, a New Yorker, who came to their farm looking for what?
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • In "And Their Children After Them: The Legacy of 'Let Us Now Praise Famous Men,'" Dale Maharidge traces the later histories of the sharecropper families in Agee and Evans's book. Lucille Burroughs was married when she was 15. She divorced, married again and had four children. Her husband died young. She never became a teacher or a nurse, as she once dreamed, but picked cotton and then waited tables. She was poor. In 1971, at age 45, she committed suicide by drinking rat poison. You go back to look again at the picture of the 10-year-old, to see if any of that awful story was foretold, to see if there wasn't a way to make it come out better.
  • David McLellan on 04 Oct 13
     
    Here is the portrait of the Lucille Burroughs, daughter of Allie Mae Burroughs, taken by Walker Evans.  This gives a little more information into the lives and struggles and eventual history of the Burroughs family who were depression era share croppers in Hale county Alabama.  
Omri Amit

Farms Vs. Cities in the Great Depression - 1 views

www.iptv.org/...mypath.cfm

Class Farm Subsidies Unions Great Depression

shared by Omri Amit on 08 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Omri Amit on 08 Oct 13
     
    Even though farmers suffered from low prices, many were still in better shape than city dwellers. Farmers could at least grow their own food unlike people in the cities. Farmers banded together like a labor union to prevent various products like milk from reaching towns and cities in order to raise the prices. The effort did not really have any effect on prices. The government stepped in to pass a bill to help the farmers to reduce production and surplus products. Limits on sizes of crops and herds that farmers could produce were set and farmers that agreed to limit production were paid subsidies.
Kathryn Walker

web page template - 0 views

academic.mu.edu/...depression.htm

#class #1930s #greatdepression

shared by Kathryn Walker on 03 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Kathryn Walker on 03 Oct 13
     
    This is an interesting (without being very lengthy) site which describes life during the Great Depression."Practically everyone had to deal with major losses and drastic changes. Children had to cope with the loss of a stable life and an education. Farmers had to learn to live with the loss of their farms that had supported their families. The middle class had to deal with the loss of money and the potential disappearance of their social class."
melissa basso

Poor Whites - 0 views

www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/...poor-whites

#WWII #Poverty #Great Depression

shared by melissa basso on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • melissa basso on 04 Oct 13
     
    A very insightful website providing details in the issues associated with sharecropping and tenancy farming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Poor whites suffered ridicule from both wealthy whites and fellow southern blacks, labeled as "white trash" and categorized in terms of labels such as "hillbilly". The signing of the "New Deal" isolated the south. A description of how the world war II began to put an end to such poverty among blacks and whites in the south is offered.
Sh'nay Holmes

Top 5 Causes of the Great Depression - 0 views

americanhistory.about.com/...greatdepression.htm

#class #GreatDepression #BlackTuesday

shared by Sh'nay Holmes on 05 Oct 13 - Cached
  • Sh'nay Holmes on 05 Oct 13
     
    This site provides a brief synopsis of the top 5 causes for the Great Depression that occurred during the 1930s. The stock market crashed, banks stop giving out loans, many people loss their wages because their funds were not secure in the banks. With high unemployment rates, people stopped stop shopping inventory began to accumulated. This caused a ripple effect to other businesses. The rise on import taxes reduced business transactions with foreign countries. This site mentions the drought in Mississippi Valley although it did not have a direct effect. However, it prevented people from paying their taxes and other debts. They also had to sell their farms for no profit to themselves.
David Martinez

RA (Resettlement Administration) - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Farm_Security_Administration

#GreatDepression #america

shared by David Martinez on 06 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • David Martinez on 06 Oct 13
     
    This photograph was taken at the time the United States government had created the RA (Resettlement Administration) program which consisted of moving farmers to a 100,000 acre piece of land to improve the living conditions of the sharecroppers. This program was sponsored by the FSA (Farm Security Administration) by the U.S. in order to help the American farmers during the harsh "great depression." The Burroughs' were a part of the resettlement.
Omri Amit

Dust Bowl Picture Gallery - 0 views

www.weru.ksu.edu/...dustbowlpics.html

Class DustBowl Great Depression Farming

shared by Omri Amit on 08 Oct 13 - Cached
  • Omri Amit on 08 Oct 13
     
    This is a comprehensive photo gallery of images from the Dust Bowl. It shows in great detail and visualizes the hardships that farmers faced during the Great Depression as the weather prevented agriculture. The dust storms are very well documented in these photos.
Jacqueline Alley

A Sharecropping Contract - 0 views

www.pbs.org/...ps_dawson.html

#class #GreatDepression #sharecropping #blacks #america

shared by Jacqueline Alley on 07 Oct 13 - Cached
  • Jacqueline Alley on 07 Oct 13
     
    I thought this was interesting. It is a copy of a sharecropping agreement many blacks signed once they were free. They agreed to rent land from wealthy owners in return for a portion of the crop. Many blacks were unable to read when they signed these contracts and were unaware of the terms. This specific contract requires the lessor to furnish the mule, land, and other supplies up front and the lessee to pay for them later. It also forces the lessee to gin the cotton on the lessor's farm and is forced to pay a higher price to do so. Contracts like these were made to keep blacks poor. It was a way to keep the blacks thinking they were free, but in the end, working for nothing.
Alexa Mason

Franklin D. Roosevelt - American Heritage Center, Inc. - 0 views

www.fdrheritage.org/new_deal.htm

#economics #Roosevelt #NewDeal #class

shared by Alexa Mason on 07 Oct 13 - Cached
  • Federal Securities Act of May 1933/ Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) This act required full disclosure of information on stocks being sold. The SEC regulated the stock market. Congress also gave the Federal Reserve Board the power to regulate the purchase of stock on margin. Critical for long-term success for businesses.
  • Works Progress Administration (WPA) 1935-1943 This agency provided work for 8 million Americans. The WPA constructed or repaired schools, hospitals, airfields, etc. Decreased unemployment.
  • Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 This banned child labor and set a minimum wage. This law was a long awaited triumph for the progressive-era social reformers.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Social Security Act This act established a system that provided old-age pensions for workers, survivors benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, and aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind and physically disabled. Although the original SSA did not cover farm and domestic workers, it did help millions of Americans feel more secure.  
  • Alexa Mason on 07 Oct 13
     
    This webpage presents a table outlining the many and varied programs brought forth by the New Deal. The table describes the program and its outcome. The New Deal changed the lives of many Americans through the implementing of a minimum wage, the creation of jobs, the banning of child labor and especially the Social Security Act.
Janet Thomas

Encyclopedia of Alabama: Sharecropping and Tenant Farming in Alabama - 1 views

www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/...Article.jsp

#class #alabama #sharecropping #greatdepression

shared by Janet Thomas on 02 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Janet Thomas on 02 Oct 13
     
    The Encyclopedia of Alabama offers "a reference resource to the history, culture, geography and natural environment" of Alabama. This particular page discusses the history of sharecropping as it evolved from being a way of earning a living for freed slaves to being taken over by "poor whites". It also talks about how sharecroppiing was affected by the Great Depression. This is pertinent to our analysis of the photograph of Allie Mae Burroughs, a sharecroppers wife from the 1930's.
Anamaria Liriano

Sharecropping and Tenant Farming - 0 views

www.pccua.edu/...ropping_and_tenant_farming.htm

#class #thegreatdepression #sharecropping

shared by Anamaria Liriano on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Anamaria Liriano on 05 Oct 13
     
    This source discusses a brief history of sharecropping and gives perspective of what sharecropping was like from the perspective of living in Arkansas. I chose to include this link because although it may provide more general information, it can give us insight into what the lives of those Walker Evans photographed were like.
Jacqueline Alley

USA: Crisis and Class Struggle in the 1930s and Today - 1 views

www.marxist.com/s-struggle-1930s-and-today.htm

#class #greatdepression #america #FDR #New Deal

shared by Jacqueline Alley on 09 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Jacqueline Alley on 09 Oct 13
     
    This article takes you through the Great Depression and the affects it had on American workers. According to the article, 25% of all workers and 37% of all non-farm workers in the USA were unemployed by 1933. Roosevelt used the New Deal to put people back to work on public projects. But it wasn't until WWII that the US came out of the Great Depression and people could begin to rebuild and find new jobs.
Heidi Beckles

Allie Mae Burroughs, Wife of a Cotton sharecropper, Hale County, Alabama, 1936 - 1 views

www.high.org/...CollectionDetails.aspx

#class #greatdepression #poverty

shared by Heidi Beckles on 09 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Heidi Beckles on 09 Oct 13
     
    This portrait was made by Walker Evans during the summer of 1936 when he and writer James Agee were on assignment for Fortune magazine. Their story on tenant farmers in the South was finally released as a book in 1941, "Let Us Now Praise Famous Men". Critics of the time hailed the "naked realism" of Evans' stark portrayals, which would become iconic representations of American farming communities stricken by poverty during the Great Depression. This site is useful because it takes you in on the individual in the photo itself, allowing you to see the reverse effects of an unstable economy, in America where opportunity is to be boundless, especially for people that were considered the minority in this era.
erin Garris

Allie Mae Burroughs, Hale County, Alabama - - 0 views

This site gives information on the actual picture. The picture was taken in 1936 during the great depression. The lady in the picture is a twenty seven your old sharecropper from Alabama. The photo...

#white #poor #class #women

started by erin Garris on 10 Oct 13 no follow-up yet
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